Updated, expanded, fluid properties handbook

Revised handbook presents quantitative data, in the form of graphs and charts, pertaining to thermodynamic properties of specific cryogenic fluids and several metals. References to sources of data are cited

Spin-orbital phase synchronization in the magnetic field-driven electron dynamics in a double quantum dot

We study the dynamics of an electron confined in a one-dimensional double quantum dot in the presence of driving external magnetic fields. The orbital motion of the electron is coupled to the spin dynamics by spin orbit interaction of the Dresselhaus type. We derive an effective time-dependent Hamiltonian model for the orbital motion of the electron and obtain a synchronization condition between the orbital and the spin dynamics. From this model we deduce an analytical expression for the Arnold tongue and propose an experimental scheme for realizing the synchronization of the orbital and spin dynamics.Comment: 6 figures, 14 page

Twelve experiments in restorative justice: the Jerry Lee program of randomized trials of restorative justice conferences

Objectives: We conducted and measured outcomes from the Jerry Lee Program of 12 randomized trials over two decades in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK), testing an identical method of restorative justice taught by the same trainers to hundreds of police officers and others who delivered it to 2231 offenders and 1179 victims in 1995–2004. The article provides a review of the scientific progress and policy effects of the program, as described in 75 publications and papers arising from it, including previously unpublished results of our ongoing analyses. Methods: After random assignment in four Australian tests diverting criminal or juvenile cases from prosecution to restorative justice conferences (RJCs), and eight UK tests of supplementing criminal or juvenile proceedings with RJCs, we followed intention-to-treat group differences between offenders for up to 18 years, and for victims up to 10 years. Results: We distil and modify prior research reports into 18 updated evidence-based conclusions about the effects of RJCs on both victims and offenders. Initial reductions in repeat offending among offenders assigned to RJCs (compared to controls) were found in 10 of our 12 tests. Nine of the ten successes were for crimes with personal victims who participated in the RJCs, with clear benefits in both short- and long-term measures, including less prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Moderator effects across and within experiments showed that RJCs work best for the most frequent and serious offenders for repeat offending outcomes, with other clear moderator effects for poly-drug use and offense seriousness. Conclusions: RJ conferences organized and led (most often) by specially-trained police produced substantial short-term, and some long-term, benefits for both crime victims and their offenders, across a range of offense types and stages of the criminal justice processes on two continents, but with important moderator effects. These conclusions are made possible by testing a new kind of justice on a programmatic basis that would allow prospective meta-analysis, rather than doing one experiment at a time. This finding provides evidence that funding agencies could get far more evidence for the same cost from programs of identical, but multiple, RCTs of the identical innovative methods, rather than funding one RCT at a time

Impact of Flower Harvesting on the Salt Marsh Plant \u3cem\u3eLimonium carolinianum\u3c/em\u3e

Because of the potentially detrimental effects of seed production on adult survivorship and growth, moderate flower harvesting may have little negative impact on population growth of long-lived perennial plants such as Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton. We examined this by collecting data on survivorship, growth, and fecundity of an unharvested population over a period of 5 years and conducted a controlled experiment to examine the effect of harvesting on adult survivorship and growth over a 3-year period. Data were summarized in the form of a stage structured matrix population model with a stochastic element that incorporated year-to-year variation in transition probabilities. Contrary to our original hypothesis, we found that preventing seed set through removal of flowers did not increase adult survivorship or growth. By determining the harvest level that reduced population growth rate to 1.0, we estimated the maximum sustainable harvest level to be 16%, a value that is approximately half that of reported harvest levels on accessible marshes in the study area. In spite of this, the reported harvest levels are unlikely to drive local populations to extinction in the foreseeable future. Providing the adult population size is \u3e100 and harvest levels are \u3c90%, time to local extinction will exceed 100 years. This is a function of the very high survivorship of adults in this species and the fact that harvesting has no negative impact on adult survivorship or growth. However, because of the long preadult phase in this species (8–9 years) and the fact that fecundity of young adults is low, recovery from overharvesting is extremely slow. Adult population size can be reduced to 25% of its original value in 7 years at high harvest levels, but it will take 34 years on average to recover once harvesting is terminated

Resource Development and Conservation History Along the Ohio River

Author Institution: School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State UniversityThe 1578 km-long Ohio River has a rich history of natural resource use and abuse, starting with the development of the river itself for navigational purposes. There is a rich early record of natural history studies by Bartram, Michaux, Lesueur, Rafinesque and others. The navigational use of the river began with snag pulling and has progressed to modern high-lift dams. Flood control, navigation of tributaries, and canal-building have been water resource development projects of the past. Early industries that developed around the availability and abundance of coal, oil, natural gas, salt, iron ore, timber, and clay in the valley ultimately led to the more recent pottery, iron and steel, chemical, and power generation industries along the river and its tributaries. There were also major horticultural developments of apple orchards, wine vineyards, and even silk worm farms along the river and a modest button industry from the mussels in the river itself. The pollution of the Ohio River has been a concern for decades, and the involvement of the federal government and the establishment of interstate compacts have led to the development of significant understanding of the science of water pollution and to the general improvement of the river's water quality

Reversible strain effect on the magnetization of LaCoO3 films

The magnetization of ferromagnetic LaCoO3 films grown epitaxially on piezoelectric substrates has been found to systematically decrease with the reduction of tensile strain. The magnetization change induced by the reversible strain variation reveals an increase of the Co magnetic moment with tensile strain. The biaxial strain dependence of the Curie temperature is estimated to be below 4K/% in the as-grown tensile strain state of our films. This is in agreement with results from statically strained films on various substrates

Pupillometry, a bioengineering overview

The pupillary control system is examined using a microprocessor based integrative pupillometer. The real time software functions of the microprocessor include: data collection, stimulus generation and area to diameter conversion. Results of an analysis of linear and nonlinear phenomena are presented

Statistical characterization of sedimentation velocity of natural particles

Aeolian sediment transport has major repercussions for global climatic variations, air quality, human health, agricultural areas, air and ground transportation, civil structures and infrastructures. This led to the development of models to understand the involved physical process, and to predict the dynamics of aeolian sediment transport. The sedimentation velocity is one of the key model parameters characterizing sediment behavior. It allows the prediction of the mode of transport, the distribution of particles above the ground, and the sediment transport rate. Despite its importance, there is substantial discrepancy among the sedimentation velocity laws for natural particles, also due to the large dispersion of experimental data. This study proposes the statistical characterization of the experimental measurements of sedimentation velocity available from the literature. 1812 experimental measurements were recovered from 11 studies. Their variability was discussed, providing an aerodynamic reading. Nonlinear regression was carried out on the consolidated dataset in order to assess the average value. Two well-known laws initially conceived for spheres were refitted to natural particles providing high coefficients of determination equal to 0.90 and 0.93. Then, copula-based regression was performed in order to seize the variability of sedimentation velocity. Finally, the results from the two approaches were compared and critically discussed

Sticky Metaphors and the Persistence of the Traditional Voluntary Manslaughter Doctrine

This Article begins with a curious puzzle: Why has the traditional voluntary manslaughter doctrine in criminal law-the so-called heat of passion defense to a charge of murder-proven so resistant to change, even in the face of more than a half-century of seemingly compelling empirical and normative arguments in favor of doctrinal reform? What could possibly account for the traditional doctrine\u27s surprising resilience? In this Article, we propose a solution to this puzzle. The Article introduces a new conceptual theory about metaphor-the sticky metaphor theory-that highlights an important aspect of metaphorical language and metaphorical thought that has been almost completely overlooked in the existing literature of law, psychology, and linguistics. We believe the sticky metaphor theory may turn out to be highly significant to both the voluntary manslaughter doctrine in particular and the law in general