SECTORAL EFFECTS OF A WORLD OIL PRICE SHOCK: ECONOMYWIDE LINKAGES TO THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

The effects of a world oil price shock on U.S. agriculture are analyzed in an economywide environment. We use an input-output model to analyze the direct and indirect cost linkages between energy and other sectors of the economy. Then, to allow sectoral output adjustment and the effects on the U.S. current account, we use the U.S. Department of Agricultural/Economic Research Service Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the sectoral effects under three different macro adjustment scenarios. The effects on agriculture are not limited to the direct and indirect energy costs and government support programs for agricultural also matter.Agricultural Finance, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

The Employment and Economic Advancement of African-Americans in the Twentieth Century

In this article we examine the progress of African–Americans in the American labour market over the course of the twentieth century. We trace their progress as African-Americans moved from low-skill low-wage jobs in southern agriculture to a panoply of jobs including high-skill, high-wage jobs in industries and occupations across the country.We also document the migrations and improvements in educational achievement that have made this progress possible. We examine the progress yet to be made and especially the problems of lack of education and incarceration suffered by African–American males. Finally, we examine the importance of anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action in promoting African–American economic progress

Comparison of Three Measures of Stuttering Severity

Various measures of severity of stuttering are available and are used both clinically and experimentally. Information concerning the relationships among these various measures thus should be useful in planning effective therapy or in designing experiments. In a previous study Sherman and Trotter (4) evaluated the relationship between two measures of the severity of stuttering. One measure was the mean scale value of severity of individual moments of stuttering derived from listeners\u27 responses; the other measure was frequency of stuttering. Measures were taken on tape-recorded readings of a 500-word passage. The obtained estimate of the strength of relationship was a Pearson r of .61

Informed selection of future climates

Analysis of climate change is often computationally burdensome. Here, we present an approach for intelligently selecting a sample of climates from a population of 6800 climates designed to represent the full distribution of likely climate outcomes out to 2050 for the Zambeze River Valley. Philosophically, our approach draws upon information theory. Technically, our approach draws upon the numerical integration literature and recent applications of Gaussian quadrature sampling. In our approach, future climates in the Zambeze River Valley are summarized in 12 variables. Weighted Gaussian quadrature samples containing approximately 400 climates are then obtained using the information from these 12 variables. Specifically, the moments of the 12 summary variables in the samples, out to order three, are obliged to equal (or be close to) the moments of the population of 6800 climates. Runoff in the Zambeze River Valley is then estimated for 2026 to 2050 using the CliRun model for all 6800 climates. It is then straightforward to compare the properties of various subsamples. Based on a root of mean square error (RMSE) criteria, the Gaussian quadrature samples substantially outperform random samples of the same size in the prediction of annual average runoff from 2026 to 2050. Relative to random samples, Gaussian quadrature samples tend to perform best when climate change effects are stronger. We conclude that, when properly employed, Gaussian quadrature samples provide an efficient and tractable way to treat climate uncertainty in biophysical and economic models. This article is part of a Special Issue on “Climate Change and the Zambezi River Valley” edited by Finn Tarp, James Juana, and Philip War

Ecosystem-Based Management in the Arctic Ocean: A Multi-Level Spatial Approach

Ecosystem-based management (EBM) first requires the identification of spatial units capturing the ecosystem structure and functions. To this end, the Arctic Council has adopted the Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) framework. Ecosystem experts have identified 17 Arctic LMEs and mapped them for monitoring and assessment purposes. We provide an overview of their major ecological features. The ecosystem approach has also been developed nationally, with EBM initiatives undertaken as part of the national ocean policy frameworks and actions plans of the United States and Canada. A case study of the Beaufort Sea Large Ocean Management Area (LOMA) established for integrated ocean management purposes shows how Canada’s national spatial framework is being implemented at the subregional level. A comparison of this framework to the international LME that overlaps it in the Canadian waters of the Beaufort Sea demonstrates that both approaches are based on the same principles and criteria, and aim at the same goal: giving primary consideration to the marine ecosystem when managing activities. The two approaches are complementary because they are applied at different spatial and governance levels: regional (Arctic-wide) and subregional (in Canadian Arctic waters). A multi-level spatial framework, science-based management tools, and a governance structure are now available to managers in the Beaufort Sea pilot region; now managers must put in the effort needed to make EBM operational and address the complex environmental issues facing the Arctic.La gestion basée sur l’écosystème (GÉ) requiert tout d’abord l’identification d’unités spatiales qui capturent la structure et les fonctions de l’écosystème. À cette fin, le concept des Grands écosystèmes marins (GEM) a été adopté par le Conseil de l’Arctique et 17 GEM ont été identifiés et cartographiés dans l’océan Arctique aux fins de monitorage et d’évaluation. Un aperçu des principales caractéristiques écologiques de ces GEM est donné. L’approche écosystémique est aussi développée nationalement : les initiatives de GÉ entreprises par les États-Unis et le Canada dans le cadre de leurs politiques nationales et plans d’actions pour les océans sont décrites. La zone étendue de gestion des océans (ZÉGO) de la mer de Beaufort établie pour les besoins de la gestion intégrée des océans a été prise comme étude de cas pour montrer comment le cadre national est mis en oeuvre au niveau subrégional au Canada. Puis, nous avons rassemblé l’information pertinente et comparé les deux cadres spatiaux, GEM et ZÉGO, qui se chevauchent dans les eaux canadiennes de la mer de Beaufort. Cette étude démontre que les deux approches appliquées à des niveaux complémentaires – régional (à la grandeur de l’Arctique) et subrégional (dans les eaux canadiennes de l’Arctique) – sont convergentes car elles sont basées sur les mêmes principes et critères, et visent le même but : considérer en premier lieu l’écosystème marin lors de la gestion des activités. Un cadre spatial à niveaux multiples, des outils de gestion basés sur la science et une structure de gouvernance sont maintenant disponibles pour la gestion dans la région pilote de la mer de Beaufort; il s’agit maintenant de mettre l’effort nécessaire pour rendre la GÉ opérationnelle et aborder les enjeux environnementaux complexes auxquels l’Arctique fait face

The Ursinus Weekly, February 23, 1959

Freshmen women welcomed on Color Day, Thurs. Feb. 19 • Jackie Robbins is May queen • Faculty holds panel discussion this evening • WAA to present the shuffle on Fri., Feb. 27 • U.C. students take part in religious week • Senior class presents She forgot to remember on March 6 and 7 • T. Holcombe chosen king of Lorelei, Friday • U.C. students solve Time map puzzle • Chi Alpha presents Rev. Mr. H. Muensterman • Roberts receives degree • Editorial: Help us • Wisdom • U.C. mermaids swamp Beaver by 46-20 • Girl b-ballers romp in 1st 3 games of season • Courtmen lose two to PMC, Swarthmore • Badminton team wins 1st two • Grapplers lose 3rd & 4th matches • Silver opinion competition on campus begins • Letters to the editor • Religion? Science?https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1378/thumbnail.jp

A role for glycolipid biosynthesis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry

A novel bunyavirus was recently found to cause severe febrile illness with high mortality in agricultural regions of China, Japan, and South Korea. This virus, named severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), represents a new group within the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae. Little is known about the viral entry requirements beyond showing dependence on dynamin and endosomal acidification. A haploid forward genetic screen was performed to identify host cell requirements for SFTSV entry. The screen identified dependence on glucosylceramide synthase (ugcg), the enzyme responsible for initiating de novo glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches confirmed that UGCG expression and enzymatic activity were required for efficient SFTSV entry. Furthermore, inhibition of UGCG affected a post-internalization stage of SFTSV entry, leading to the accumulation of virus particles in enlarged cytoplasmic structures, suggesting impaired trafficking and/or fusion of viral and host membranes. These findings specify a role for glucosylceramide in SFTSV entry and provide a novel target for antiviral therapies