Space-time directional Lyapunov exponents for cellular automata

Space-time directional Lyapunov exponents are introduced. They describe the maximal velocity of propagation to the right or to the left of fronts of perturbations in a frame moving with a given velocity. The continuity of these exponents as function of the velocity and an inequality relating them to the directional entropy is proved

Cellular automata and Lyapunov exponents

In this article we give a new definition of some analog of Lyapunov exponents for cellular automata . Then for a shift ergodic and cellular automaton invariant probability measure we establish an inequality between the entropy of the automaton, the entropy of the shift and the Lyapunov exponent

Mesoscopic cross-film cryotrons: Vortex trapping and dc-Josephson-like oscillations of the critical current

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the transport properties of a plain Al superconducting strip in the presence of a single straight current-carrying wire, oriented perpendicular to the superconducting strip. It is well known that the critical current of the superconducting strip, Ic, in such cryotron--like system can be tuned by changing the current in the control wire, Iw. We demonstrated that the discrete change in the number of the pinned vortices/antivortices inside the narrow and long strip nearby the current-carrying wire results in a peculiar oscillatory dependence of Ic on Iw.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

The influence of temperature differences for the analysis of thin orthotropic cylindrical shell

A problem of elasticity of cylindrical shell made of orthotropic different resistant material is considered in this article. The problem is uncoupled, i.e. it consists of two separate problems: of structural mechanics and of thermodynamics. The article contains research of a shell within the framework of shallow shells theory. The solution is based on the technical hypotheses of Kirch-hof–Love. The relations of Treschev are used in the capacity of physical dependencies. The main relations are used in the form of the elastic solutions method of Ilushin. The process of heat transfer is described by classic equation of heat conductivity. The article introduces a system of solving equations in combined form supplemented by initial conditions and boundary conditions. The object of the problem is a shell that suffers evenly distributed load placed perpendicularly to the inner surface of the shell as well as thermal action in the form of temperature differentiation on the inner and outer surfaces of the shell. The shell is being examined in the particular moment of time when the temperature transfer has subsided. The article contains the solution of the specific problem of thermo-elastic bending of thin circular cylindrical shell made of three-reinforced woven polymer. Some specific results of stress––strain state analysis are shown: deflections of the shell, axial and circular stresses, followed by the comparison of the results with and without consideration of thermal action, as well as analysis of influence of thermal action on the stress–strain state of the shell

Towards generalized measures grasping CA dynamics

In this paper we conceive Lyapunov exponents, measuring the rate of separation between two initially close configurations, and Jacobians, expressing the sensitivity of a CA's transition function to its inputs, for cellular automata (CA) based upon irregular tessellations of the n-dimensional Euclidean space. Further, we establish a relationship between both that enables us to derive a mean-field approximation of the upper bound of an irregular CA's maximum Lyapunov exponent. The soundness and usability of these measures is illustrated for a family of 2-state irregular totalistic CA

Magnetization curves for two-dimensional rectangular lattices of permalloy nanoparticles: experimental investigation and numerical simulation

Abstract This work is concerned with the behaviour of a regular 2D rectangular lattice of Ni 3 Fe nanoparticles, determined by the dipole interaction between them. The samples under study, prepared by electron-beam lithography, consisted of about 10 5 particles approximately 50 nm in size. The magnetization curves were studied by Hall magnetometry for different external magnetic field orientations at 4.2 K and 77 K. The results indicate a collective behaviour of the system. The magnetization curves depend on the external magnetic field direction and temperature; the system exhibits multistability. A model system of interacting 3D magnetic dipoles forming a rectangular lattice was numerically simulated by solving a system of stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equations. The multistability of the system and steps in the magnetization curves were obtained. It is shown analytically that the shape of the magnetization curves depends on the character of the interaction in the system

Floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge plasma in air promoting apoptotic behavior in Melanoma skin cancer cell lines

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 27(2): pp. 163-176.Initiation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important issue in cancer treatment as cancer cells frequently have acquired the ability to block apoptosis and thus are more resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeted and perhaps selective destruction of cancerous tissue is desirable for many reasons, ranging from the enhancement of or aid to current medical methods to problems currently lacking a solution, i.e. lung cancer. Demonstrated in this publication is the inactivation (killing) of human Melanoma skin cancer cell lines, in vitro, by Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma. Not only are these cells shown to be killed immediately by high doses of plasma treatment,but low doses are shown to promote apoptotic behavior as detected by TUNEL staining and subsequent flow cytometry. It is shown that plasma acts on the cells directly and not by “poisoning” the solution surrounding the cells, even through a layer of such solution. Potential mechanisms of interaction of plasma with cells are discussed and further steps are proposed to develop an understanding of such systems

The influence of temperature differences for the analysis of thin orthotropic cylindrical shell

A problem of elasticity of cylindrical shell made of orthotropic different resistant material is considered in this article. The problem is uncoupled, i.e. it consists of two separate problems: of structural mechanics and of thermodynamics. The article contains research of a shell within the framework of shallow shells theory. The solution is based on the technical hypotheses of Kirch-hof–Love. The relations of Treschev are used in the capacity of physical dependencies. The main relations are used in the form of the elastic solutions method of Ilushin. The process of heat transfer is described by classic equation of heat conductivity. The article introduces a system of solving equations in combined form supplemented by initial conditions and boundary conditions. The object of the problem is a shell that suffers evenly distributed load placed perpendicularly to the inner surface of the shell as well as thermal action in the form of temperature differentiation on the inner and outer surfaces of the shell. The shell is being examined in the particular moment of time when the temperature transfer has subsided. The article contains the solution of the specific problem of thermo-elastic bending of thin circular cylindrical shell made of three-reinforced woven polymer. Some specific results of stress––strain state analysis are shown: deflections of the shell, axial and circular stresses, followed by the comparison of the results with and without consideration of thermal action, as well as analysis of influence of thermal action on the stress–strain state of the shell