A stratigraphical framework for the Upper Langsettian and Duckmantian of the East Pennine coalfields

This report describes the stratigraphy of named coal seams and sandbodies in that part of the Coal Measures Group which forms the principal productive measures of the East Midlands coalfields (Upper Langsettian and Duckmantian). Coal seams are combined into ‘groups’, which describe the general association of a number of coal seams rather than formal stratigraphical units. For each seam, preferred nomenclature and known alternatives are presented together with descriptions of the correlations. Sandbodies are described in terns of their position with respect to the established coal seam stratigraphy. A diagrammatic correlation panel, which summarizes the relationships described, is appended

Late Pleistocene and Holocene geology of the Upper Afon Teifi Valley : parts of 1:10 000 sheets SN54NE, 55SE, 64NW, 65NW, 65NE & 65SW

This report describes the late Pleistocene and Holocene geology of the upper Afon Teifi valley. The morphology of the Teifi and tributary Dulais valleys suggests that the latter represents a preDevensian meander loop of the Tertiary Afon Teifi, with interconnects to the modern Teifi valley seen at Cockshead and Olmarch. The modern Teifi valley south of Olmarch may be glacially-excavated. A number of Devensian valley glacier and Holocene fluvial depositional environments are recognised as landform assemblages. These include glacial till, glaciofluvial gravel deposits (kamiform benches, moraines, outwash plains), glaciolacustrine deposits, and Holocene alluvial deposits

The geology of the Qinetiq/Ministry of Defence firing range at Aberporth, Ceredigion : part of 1:25 000 sheet SN25

The Aberporth firing range is exclusively underlain by upper Ordovician (Ashgillian) mudstones of the Nantmel Mudstone Formation. The rocks dip uniformly to the north-west and comprise the northern limb of a regional anticline (upfold) in the Nantmel Mudstone formation, the axis of which trends south-west to north-east through Parcllyn. A minor splay of the Ceibwr Bay Fault crosses the south-eastern corner of the range, being exposed by the sea cliffs in Cribach Bay. No quaternary (glacial) deposits were identified by the survey, and rockhead appears commensurate with the ground surface across the greater part of the range estate. The Gwrddon valley, to the south-west of the site, may have originated as a meltwater channel excavated beneath an ice-sheet during the last Ice Age

Facies, architecture and stratigraphy of the upper Langsettian (Westphalian A), Vale of Belvoir, Leicestershire, UK

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

The geology of the area around Lampeter, Llangybi and Llanfair Clydogau

The country around Lampeter, Llangybi and Llanfair Clydogau comprises late Ordovician Ashgill to Silurian Llandovery-age bedrock overlain by a widely distributed cover of superficial deposits. The bedrock strata largely comprises sandstones, siltstones and mudstones deposited by turbiditic flows in the deep waters of the Welsh Basin. The major units recognized are the Yr Allt Formation, comprising dark pelagic mudstones and disturbed or dewatered sandstones, the Mottled Mudstone Member of the Cwmere Formation, the sandstone-dominant Rhyddlan Formation, the mudstone-dominant Clarewen Group, the rhythmitic Devil’s Bridge Formation, the mudrock-dominant Blaen Myherin Mudstones Formation and the generally coarse-grained rocks of the Cwmystwyth Grits Group. Outliers of the Borth Mudstone Formation are also recorded. The bedrock is deformed by a series of anastamosing faults which trend south-west to north-east. Major faults include the Rhysgog Fault, the Teifi Escarpment Fault, and the Falcondale Lake Fault. Fold axes follow the same trend, the folds dominantly having a vergence to the south-east with the eastern limbs of anticlines frequently overturned and fold closures sheared out by faults. Superficial deposits are dominated by tills, which form fans soliflucted from upland sheets down into the main river valleys of the region. Other drift deposits are largely confined to these trunk valleys. The geomorphology of the area reflects the glacial sculpting and exaggeration of bedrock structural lineaments

Life's a beach : lessons from the Earth's rarest sedimentary rocks

Ancient rockshore deposits are the rarest sedimentary rocks on Earth. Less than 200 examples span the planet’s entire history, but they preserve important records of past environments, including sea-level changes and unusual fossil communities. The most celebrated example, dating from the earliest Jurassic, is found at Ogmore-by-Sea in South Wales. This article describes the history of environmental change at Ogmore, and why these rocks can help us to interpret the deposits of ancient rocky shores worldwide

Bedding and pseudo-bedding in the Early Jurassic of Glamorgan: deposition and diagenesis of the Blue Lias in South Wales

Sedimentary bedding planes in a succession of Lower Jurassic (Bucklandi Biozone) limestone-shale alternations at Nash Point, South Wales are represented by omission surfaces intermittently developed on the upper surfaces (limestone-shale contacts) of limestone beds. Other lithological contacts (shale-limestone contacts and the majority of limestone-shale contacts) are devoid of positive indications of an associated break in sedimentation. Statistical analysis of (a) limestone-shale contacts and (b) recorded omission surfaces suggests that limestone-shale contacts are regularly spaced and omission surfaces randomly distributed. Limestone-shale contacts and omission surfaces are interpreted as proxies for sedimentary bedding and shale-limestone contacts interpreted as pseudo-bedding planes, with the alternation of limestones and shales arising from the diagenetic differentiation of beds of lime mud. No short- or long-term cyclicities at a scale greater than that of an individual couplet can be detected by the statistical methods employed, and it is therefore unlikely that a Milankovitch-type cyclicity is present. Evidence of stratigraphical environmental succession, exhibited both by ichnotaxa and body fossil assemblages in the biofacies of omission surfaces, suggests that the succession represents part of a third-order shallowing event. It is proposed that beds of lime mud were deposited as a consequence of episodic storm action on a hemipelagic shelf, and diagenetic differentiation was `steered' by this episodicity and not by any orbital control

Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation

PAD4 has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, cardiovascular and oncological diseases, through clinical genetics and gene disruption in mice. Novel, selective PAD4 inhibitors binding to a calcium-deficient form of the PAD4 enzyme have, for the first time, validated the critical enzymatic role of human and mouse PAD4 in both histone citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The therapeutic potential of PAD4 inhibitors can now be explored