Language, truth and power in ancient Greek thought : prolegomena to Nietzsche.

The meaning of democracy was contested theoretical and political terrain in classical Athens. In this dissertation I examine three contending theoretical views of democracy found in the works of three Greek thinkers--Thucydides, Aeschylus and Plato--present at the height of Athenian democracy. I show that each view draws upon competing conceptions of nature, language, truth, and power in order to claim the contested terrain. I argue that the heroic view of democracy, portrayed in Thucydides\u27 History of the Peloponnesian War, saw politics as the means by which states achieve immortal glory through feats of war which simultaneously destroy them. In this view political power was delivered by the unified voice--the single identity--of the Athenian assembly produced by the power of persuasion. I interpret the tragic view, represented by Aeschylus\u27 Oresteia, to criticize the heroic tradition of politics as dangerously unbalanced. The Oresteia offers an alternative view of democracy in which multiple voices divided against themselves produce not weakness but balance as a shield against the loss of limits implied in the heroic view. I argue that the ambiguity of language, and the ambiguous identity it produces, is affirmed by tragedy to be a source of political strength and not a sign of political disintegration. The Platonic view articulated in the Republic opposes both the heroic view of politics and its tragic revision. I contend that the Republic, while appearing to oppose democracy, actually seeks to place it on a more secure foundation grounded in the logical concept of identity and rational thought applied to the soul. I argue that the Platonic attempt to found political order on the twin concepts of logical and psychological identity maintained by rational thought and language actually recapitulates on a grand scale the same dangers it identifies in its heroic opponents. And I suggest in conclusion that our Platonic legacy may effectively blind us to the dangerously heroic trajectory of the modern political state

Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties of Commercial and Indigenous Forms of Organic Matter in Golf Green Soil Mixtures

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence and degradation rate of several commercial and indigenous forms of organic matter in soil mixtures for golf greens. The study included both physical and chemical determinations. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare bentgrass (Agrostis sp.) responses and disease incidence, media leachate volumes, pH of leachates, and temperatures of media. Samples were tested in a laboratory to determine particle size distribution, organic matter, porosity, bulk density, percolation rate, and cation exchange capacity. The indigenous organic materials of pine bark, oak sawdust, sewage sludge, cotton chop, and soybean chop compared favorably with the commercial forms of Michigan and sphagnum peats as organic amendments. There was no apparent serious problems with acidity resulting through the process of decomposition of the media tested. All of the test media met USGA specifications for porosity and bulk density. The USGA mix was the only test media to meet USGA recommendations for percolation. All of the other media exceeded the maximum level recommended by the USGA. However, it is known that percolation rates often decrease considerably with time. No significant amounts of silt and clay were added as a contaminant by the organic amendments tested, except for sewage sludge. Sphagnum peat and pine bark demonstrated the greatest resistance to decomposition throughout the study. Sewage sludge, corn chop, and cotton chop experienced some decomposition during the first 26 weeks, but tended to resist decomposition thereafter. Michigan peat, soybean chop, and oak sawdust decomposed slightly at 26 and 52 weeks. Corn chop provided only a low amount of easily digestible organic matter. All of the organic amendments showed an increase in cation exchange capacity with pine bark and oak sawdust showing the greatest increase with time

Five new species and three new subspecies of Erebidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Northwestern North America, with notes on Chytolita Grote (Erebidae) and Hydraecia Guenée (Noctuidae)

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Pensoft Publishers and can be found at: http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/.Several taxonomic issues in the moth families Erebidae and Noctuidae are addressed for Northwestern North America. Drasteria parallela Crabo & Mustelin and Cycnia oregonensis tristis Crabo in the Erebidae and Eudryas brevipennis bonneville Shepard & Crabo, Resapamea diluvius Crabo, Resapamea angelika Crabo, Resapamea mammuthus Crabo, Fishia nigrescens Hammond & Crabo, and Xestia perquiritata orca Crabo & Hammond in the Noctuidae are described as new. The following new synonyms are proposed: Chytolita petrealis Grote with Herminea morbidalis Guenee; Gortyna columbia Barnes & Benjamin and Gortyna ximena Barnes & Benjamin with Gortyna obliqua Harvey; and Hydroecia pallescens Smith with Hydroecia medialis Smith. The type locality of Gortyna intermedia Barnes & Benjamin is restricted to Lundbreck, Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada

The pictorial history of the 493d Armored Field Artillery Battalion of the 12th Armored Division in the European Theater of Operations

The 493rd Armored Field Artillery Battalion was activated on 15 September 1942 at Camp Campbell, Kentucky as a part of the 12th Armored Division. Major General Brewer was designated as Division Commander and Major Barry D. Browne the Battalion Commander. Edited by Paul H. Shepard Jr. Written and photographed by officers and men of the battalionhttps://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/ww_reg_his/1034/thumbnail.jp

Heat Shock Protein 40 and Immune Function in Altered Gravity

In space, astronauts are more susceptible to pathogens, viral reactivation and immunosuppression, which poses limits to their health and the mission. Interestingly, during space flight, stress-inducible heat shock proteins (HSP) are robustly induced, and the overexpression of HSPs have been implicated in immune dysregulation, therefore HSPs may be critically involved in regulating immune homeostasis. HSP40/DNAJ1 plays a major role in proper protein translation and folding. Its loss of function has been implicated in susceptibility to microbial infection, while its overexpression has been implicated in autoimmunity, collectively suggesting its complicated, but necessary, role in maintaining immunological function. To determine the role of HSP40 during stress-induced altered gravity conditions, wild-type and Hsp40 mutant Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to ground-based chronic hypergravity conditions, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of immune gene expression. In addition, larval hemocytes were collected to determine the functional output in response to E. coli bioparticle phagocytosis. Preliminary data indicates a required role for Hsp40 in strengthening immune function during stress-induced spaceflight in flies. In short, a critical need to evaluate the relationship between HSPs and immune suppression during space flight is necessary. Since space travel may become available to the general public in the not too distant future, and for the possibility of long-term space missions, a more comprehensive evaluation of the molecules responsible for immune dysfunction observed during space flight is required

Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Pyraloidea: Crambidae Latreille 1810 and Pyralidae Linnaeus, 1758

A dataset for North American specimens in the holdings of the Oregon State Arthropod Collection is presented. Details about the metadata an some basic summary of the contents are presented. The dataset itself, in the form of a text file (csv formatting) is provided in the supplemental file materials