The 110 watt per kilogram lightweight solar array system

This ultralightweight solar array system is applied to three generic mission types: (1) interplanetary, (2) geosynchronous, and (3) manned space station. The requirements of each of these missions, as they pertain to the solar array, are presented. Existing lightweight solar array system concepts are reviewed, along with conclusions regarding the applicability of this technology to the feasibility of the ultralightweight solar array system. Several system concepts are included for further evaluation. The existing technology base, as it pertains to solar cells, solar cell covers, interconnects and substrates, and deployable booms, is reviewed. The attitude control of spacecraft with large flexible solar arrays is also discussed

Heavy-Ion Beam Acceleration of Two-Charge States from an Ecr Ion Source

This paper describes a design for the front end of a superconducting (SC) ion linac which can accept and simultaneously accelerate two charge states of uranium from an ECR ion source. This mode of operation increases the beam current available for the heaviest ions by a factor of two. We discuss the 12 MeV/u prestripper section of the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac including the LEBT, RFQ, MEBT and SC sections, with a total voltage of 112 MV. The LEBT consists of two bunchers and electrostatic quadrupoles. The fundamental frequency of both bunchers is half of the RFQ frequency. The first buncher is a multiharmonic buncher, designed to accept more than 80% of each charge state and to form bunches of extremely low longitudinal emittance (rms emittance is lower than 0.2 keV/u nsec) at the output of the RFQ. The second buncher is located directly in front of the RFQ and matches the velocity of each charge-state bunch to the design input velocity of the RFQ. We present full 3D simulations of a two-charge-state uranium beam including space charge forces in the LEBT and RFQ, realistic distributions of all electric and magnetic fields along the whole prestripper linac, and the effects of errors, evaluated for several design options for the prestripper linac. The results indicate that it is possible to accelerate two charge states while keeping emittance growth within tolerable limits.Comment: LINAC2000, MOD0

Feasibility study of a 110 watt per kilogram lightweight solar array system

An investigation of the feasibility of a solar array panel subsystem which will produce 10,000 watts of electrical output at 1 A.U. with an overall beginning-of-life power-to-weight ratio of at least 110 watt/kg is reported. A description of the current baseline configuration which meets these requirements is presented. A parametric analysis of the single boom, two blanket planar solar array system was performed to arrive at the optimum system aspect ratio. A novel concept for the stiffening of a lightweight solar array by canting the solar cell blankets at a small angle to take advantage of the inherent in-plane stiffness to increase the symmetric out-of-plane frequency is introduced along with a preliminary analysis of the stiffening effect. A comparison of welded and soldered solar cell interconnections leads to the conclusion that welding is required on this ultralightweight solar array. The use of a boron/aluminum composite material in a BI-STEM type deployable boom is investigated as a possible advancement in the state-of-the-art

Multiple Charge State Beam Acceleration at Atlas

A test of the acceleration of multiple charge-state uranium beams was performed at the ATLAS accelerator. A 238U+26 beam was accelerated in the ATLAS PII linac to 286 MeV (~1.2 MeV/u) and stripped in a carbon foil located 0.5 m from the entrance of the ATLAS Booster section. A 58Ni9+ 'guide' beam from the tandem injector was used to tune the Booster for 238U+38. All charge states from the stripping were injected into the booster and accelerated. Up to 94% of the beam was accelerated through the Booster linac, with losses mostly in the lower charge states. The measured beam properties of each charge state and a comparison to numerical simulations are reported in this paper.Comment: LINAC2000, MOD0

Mars Spacecraft Power System Development Final Report

Development of optimum Mariner spacecraft power system for application to future flyby and orbiter mission

Genetic ancestry of participants in the National Children's Study.

BackgroundThe National Children's Study (NCS) is a prospective epidemiological study in the USA tasked with identifying a nationally representative sample of 100,000 children, and following them from their gestation until they are 21 years of age. The objective of the study is to measure environmental and genetic influences on growth, development, and health. Determination of the ancestry of these NCS participants is important for assessing the diversity of study participants and for examining the effect of ancestry on various health outcomes.ResultsWe estimated the genetic ancestry of a convenience sample of 641 parents enrolled at the 7 original NCS Vanguard sites, by analyzing 30,000 markers on exome arrays, using the 1000 Genomes Project superpopulations as reference populations, and compared this with the measures of self-reported ethnicity and race. For 99% of the individuals, self-reported ethnicity and race agreed with the predicted superpopulation. NCS individuals self-reporting as Asian had genetic ancestry of either South Asian or East Asian groups, while those reporting as either Hispanic White or Hispanic Other had similar genetic ancestry. Of the 33 individuals who self-reported as Multiracial or Non-Hispanic Other, 33% matched the South Asian or East Asian groups, while these groups represented only 4.4% of the other reported categories.ConclusionsOur data suggest that self-reported ethnicity and race have some limitations in accurately capturing Hispanic and South Asian populations. Overall, however, our data indicate that despite the complexity of the US population, individuals know their ancestral origins, and that self-reported ethnicity and race is a reliable indicator of genetic ancestry

Consanguinity and rare mutations outside of MCCC genes underlie nonspecific phenotypes of MCCD.

Purpose3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (MCCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism that has a highly variable clinical phenotype, ranging from acute metabolic acidosis to nonspecific symptoms such as developmental delay, failure to thrive, hemiparesis, muscular hypotonia, and multiple sclerosis. Implementation of newborn screening for MCCD has resulted in broadening the range of phenotypic expression to include asymptomatic adults. The purpose of this study was to identify factors underlying the varying phenotypes of MCCD.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing on DNA from 33 cases and 108 healthy controls. We examined these data for associations between either MCC mutational status, genetic ancestry, or consanguinity and the absence or presence/specificity of clinical symptoms in MCCD cases.ResultsWe determined that individuals with nonspecific clinical phenotypes are highly inbred compared with cases that are asymptomatic and healthy controls. For 5 of these 10 individuals, we discovered a homozygous damaging mutation in a disease gene that is likely to underlie their nonspecific clinical phenotypes previously attributed to MCCD.ConclusionOur study shows that nonspecific phenotypes attributed to MCCD are associated with consanguinity and are likely not due to mutations in the MCC enzyme but result from rare homozygous mutations in other disease genes.Genet Med 17 8, 660-667

Multiple-Charge Beam Dynamics in an Ion Linac

There is demand for the construction of a medium-energy ion linear accelerator based on superconducting rf (SRF) technology. It must be capable of producing several hundred kilowatts of CW beams ranging from protons to uranium. A considerable amount of power is required in order to generate intense beams of rare isotopes for subsequent acceleration. At present, however, the beam power available for the heavier ions would be limited by ion source performance. To overcome this limit, we have studied the possibility of accelerating multiple-charge-state (multi-Q) beams through a linac. We show that such operation is made feasible by the large transverse and longitudinal acceptance which can be obtained in a linac using superconducting cavities. Multi-Q operation provides not only a substantial increase in beam current, but also enables the use of two strippers, thus reducing the size of linac required. Since the superconducting (SC) linac operates in CW mode, space charge effects are essentially eliminated except in the ECR/RFQ region. Therefore an effective emittance growth due to the multi-charge beam acceleration can be minimized

Relative Comparison Kernel Learning with Auxiliary Kernels

In this work we consider the problem of learning a positive semidefinite kernel matrix from relative comparisons of the form: "object A is more similar to object B than it is to C", where comparisons are given by humans. Existing solutions to this problem assume many comparisons are provided to learn a high quality kernel. However, this can be considered unrealistic for many real-world tasks since relative assessments require human input, which is often costly or difficult to obtain. Because of this, only a limited number of these comparisons may be provided. In this work, we explore methods for aiding the process of learning a kernel with the help of auxiliary kernels built from more easily extractable information regarding the relationships among objects. We propose a new kernel learning approach in which the target kernel is defined as a conic combination of auxiliary kernels and a kernel whose elements are learned directly. We formulate a convex optimization to solve for this target kernel that adds only minor overhead to methods that use no auxiliary information. Empirical results show that in the presence of few training relative comparisons, our method can learn kernels that generalize to more out-of-sample comparisons than methods that do not utilize auxiliary information, as well as similar methods that learn metrics over objects

Research on Long-Term Care Homes for Older People in Brazil: Protocol for Scoping Review

LOTUS CONSORTIUM - Improving care in Long-term Care Institutions in Brazil and Europe through Collaboration and ResearchBackground The fast growth of the ageing population in low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, has allowed little time for social and health care systems to adapt. As the care needs for the most vulnerable and frail older people become increasingly complex, services and governments need to ensure that long term care homes deliver high-quality and evidence-based care to meet their healthcare needs. Aim To examine and map the range of research undertaken in Brazil regarding care homes published in peer reviewed journals. Method This scoping review will consider all relevant peer-reviewed primary studies fully or partly conducted in Brazilian care homes including those which consider workforce (for example, e.g. healthcare professionals, care staff, and management level staff) and care home residents (older people aged 60 years and above), using empirical and original research focused on any health related topic. The searches will be conducted using bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Google Scholar) and manual searching of the reference lists of relevant studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish from inception up to 2018. Two authors will independently screen each document by title and abstract against the eligibility criteria. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted. Data from the included studies will be extracted and reported using tables, graphs, and narrative accounts using elements of content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies