Financing Peace: International and National Resources for Postconflict Countries and Fragile States

This background paper for the World Bank’s World Development Report 2011 discusses current financing arrangements for postconflict countries and fragile states, with a focus on official development assistance. In recent years a consensus has emerged that in these “difficult environments” the core objective is to build effective and legitimate governance structures that secure public confidence through provision of personal security, equal justice and the rule of law, economic well-being, and essential social services including education and health. Yet tensions persist between business-as-usual development policies on the one hand and policies responsive to the demands of peacebuilding on the other. The preferential allocation of aid to “good performers,” in the name of maximizing its payoff in terms of economic growth, militates against aid to fragile and conflict-affected states. Compelling arguments can be made for assistance to “poor performers” if this can help to prevent conflict and build peace, but the difficulties that prompted donors to become more selective in aid allocation remain all too real. The move to selectivity came in response to evidence that in some contexts aid has perverse effects on economic performance. The same dilemma arises when aid is assessed in terms of its impact on peace and conflict: sometimes aid helps to prevent conflict and build peace, but sometimes it can have the opposite effect. This paper considers how international aid can more effectively help to build resilient states and durable peace.aid; conflict; peacebuilding; statebuilding; fiscal capacity

Connecticut Soldiers in the Pequot War of 1637 (1913)

“With Proof of Service, a Brief Record for Identification, and References to Various Publications in Which Further Data May Be Found.” The plan of the compiler is to present, for the first time, a complete list of the Connecticut men in the Pequot War, as given in various compilations of the several authors who have made a special study of the subject in connection with the history of one or more of the three river towns; together with the places from which they are said to have enlisted and the authority for the same. We have not attempted to verify their work, further than to examine carefully the printed Colonial Records of Connecticut for statements as to service in connection with grants of land therefor. For the sake of identification, a brief historical record of each man is given, with references from which further history may be had. In many cases we could have easily enlarged the number of references, but considered it unnecessary to do so. We have, in some cases, cited references that contradict each other as to the history of the men, thus enabling the reader to consider, if desired, these various statements before coming to a conclusion. Parker\u27s manuscript, hereinaftcr cited, we believe, has ncvcr been published, and its importance will be seen when we state that it gives the names of nine men not included in any other list of those who served in the Pequot War from Connecticut

Comparisons of Visual Versus Kinesthetic Mental Imagery in Soccer Players: An EEG Study

Mental imagery has been shown to effectively increase sport performances. However, limited studies have examined the underlying neurological influence of mental practice, especially with team sports. The current study investigated whether electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns differ based on an athlete\u27s ability to use mental imagery and if differences exist between the two types of mental imagery, visual versus kinesthetic, when mentally rehearsing specific soccer scenarios. Ten college elite soccer athletes and seven novices participated in this study. EEG data and self-rating were collected during mental rehearsal of three simple movements and three soccer scenarios applying either visual or kinesthetic mental imagery. Although visual mental imagery was predominantly preferred for both groups, the alpha amplitude of EEG significantly decreased during kinesthetic mental imagery of the soccer scenarios for the elite group, suggesting a deeper brain involvement than the novice group

Paper Session II-C - SPACEHAB: Accommodations For Commercial Microgravity Experimentation

The August 1992 flight of the first SPACEHAB module aboard the Space Shuttle initiates a new era of opportunity for commercial experimentation in a pressurized, crew-tended, microgravity environment. The SPACEHAB module\u27s flexible design allows tailoring of each mission\u27s payload complement to maximize the number of experiments flown within the 3000 pound total payload capacity. Up to 71 lockers, or 51 lockers and 2 racks may be integrated in the module. Two crewmen can perform tasks simultaneously; and a full service Command and Data Management System and Environmental Control System are available to support experiments. In addition to the physical accommodations, a broad spectrum of technical support services are available to provide a user friendly integration process. Spacehab is here to provide your space in Space

The relationships of ultrasonic estimates of fat thickness and l. dorsi to selected carcass traits of steers and heifers

The use of ultrasonics in estimating muscling and fatness in live animals is a comparatively new technique. Favorable results in previous experiments have indicated a potential use in the livestock industry. The principal use of ultrasonics, if successfully developed, would be for the selection of breeding animals. It would assist breeders to select those breeding animals which possess a higher proportion of lean in the carcass. Previously, the basis for selecting breeding animals which have superior carcasses, has required carcass evaluation of the offspring of sires and dams which have been selected for type and ra-pidity and efficiency of weight gains. Due to the long generation inter-val in cattle, evaluating sires for carcass traits has proved to be a costly process. Many breeders have disposed of a sire before his po-tential value to the herd, in terms of carcass traits, was known. Ultra-sonics may enable breeders to eliminate years of experimental breeding for leanness by being able to evaluate the carcass potential of an animal before it is placed in service. The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasonic estimates of rib-eye area and fat thickness in steers and heifers with the actual carcass values, using interpretations of the somagrams by three different experimenters and an average of the three

Evaluation of existing and new methods of tracking glacier terminus change

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This research was financially supported by J.M.L.’s PhD funding from UK Natural Environment Research Council grant No. NE/I528742/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

TB149: Wood Property-Age Relationships of Natural and Plantation-Grown Red Pine

This study examined changes in specific gravity, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity with age for a natural stand and two plantations. It also examined differences in wood properties between the three stands and the effects of important variables on, and their interactions with, wood properties. Wood property data were obtained from microbending specimens selected at breast height from five trees in each stand.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1049/thumbnail.jp

Guiding Capital Sentencing Discretion beyond the Boiler Plate : Mental Disorder as a Mitigating Factor

In five decisions handed down on July 2, 1976, the United States Supreme Court held that the death penalty may be imposed for the crime of murder, so long as there are clear standards to guide the sentencing authority and the sanction is not imposed mandatorily. The authors examine the eighth amendment doctrinal framework used by the Court in the July 2 Cases, with particular reference to the requirement that individualized mitigating information be considered in the sentencing decision. Illustrating that requirement, they contend that mental disorder should be considered as a possibly mitigating factor and then suggest a standard by which the sentencing authority might evaluate evidence of mental disorders, particularly retardation and sociopathy