Case Report: Venous pulsatile tinnitus induced by enlarged oblique occipital sinus and resultant diverticulum/dehiscence of the sigmoid-jugular wall

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by enlarged oblique occipital sinus (OOS) and resultant diverticulum/dehiscence of the sigmoid-jugular wall has not been described in previous literature. This study recruits one case of PT induced by ipsilateral enlarged OOS and sigmoid-jugular wall diverticulum (case 1) alongside one case of PT induced by ipsilateral enlarged OOS and sigmoid-jugular wall dehiscence (case 2). Various radiologic and computational techniques including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, Doppler ultrasound, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were implemented. Transmastoid sinus wall reconstruction was performed on case 1 with a large sigmoid-jugular diverticulum potentially traumatizing the facial nerve canal. Contrast-enhanced CT or MR venogram images coupling with three-dimensional reconstructed are advantageous in revealing the covert route of OOS that runs under the cerebellum and drains directly into jugular bulb (JB) region. PT in case 1 was successfully eliminated after transmastoid sinus wall reconstruction surgery. Tinnitus handicap inventory score in case 1 reduced from 70 to 0. The ipsilateral jugular outflow mean velocity (Vmn) and flow volume (FVOL) were 42.5 cm/s and 25.9 g/s (case 1 prior to surgery) and 56.6 cm/s and 41.2 g/s (case 2), respectively. Based on CFD simulation, the peak flow velocity in OOS was 1.85 m/s and 2.1 m/s, the wall pressure of the diverticular dome and dehiscence area of the SS-JB wall was 1724.7 Pa and 369.8 Pa in case 1 and 2, respectively. Enlarged OOS caries greater flow kinetic energy that possibly induces sigmoid-jugular wall diverticulum/dehiscence; transmastoid surgical method is safe and therapeutically effective against PT induced by enlarged OOS

How do Chinese firms deal with inter-organizational conflict?

Based on social exchange and customer relationship marketing theory, this study examines how ethical leadership contributes to inter-organizational conflict management (task conflict (TC) and relationship conflict), and the moderating role of task interdependence in these relationships. Data was collected from 81 suppliers and 45 corresponding managers of a large group company in China. Results show that ethical leadership is negatively associated with the levels of inter-organizational conflict,whether task or relationship. Task interdependence significantly moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and TC. Managerial implication in terms of creating sound buyer–supplier relationship through an ethical perspective is discussed

Solid-Phase Nano-Extraction And Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol\u27Skii Spectroscopy For The Analysis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Drinking Water Samples

A unique method for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water samples is reported. Water samples (500 μl) are mixed and centrifuged with 950 μl of a commercial solution of 20 nm gold nanoparticles for pollutants extraction. The precipitate is treated with 2 μl of 1-pentanethiol and 48 μl of n-octane, and the supernatant is then analyzed via laser-excited time-resolved Shpol\u27skii spectroscopy. Fifteen priority pollutants are directly determined at liquid helium temperature (4.2 K) with the aid of a cryogenic fiber-optic probe. Unambiguous pollutant determination is carried out via spectral and lifetime analysis. Limits of detection are at the parts-per-trillion level. Analytical recoveries are similar to those obtained via high-performance liquid chromatography. The simplicity of the experimental procedure, use of microliters of organic solvent, short analysis time, selectivity, and excellent analytical figures of merit demonstrate the advantages of this environmentally friendly approach for routine analysis of numerous samples

Measuring Scatter With A Cryogenic Probe And An Iccd Camera: Recording Absorption Spectra In Shpol\u27Skii Matrixes And Fluorescence Quantum Yields In Glassy Solvents

Recording absorption spectra via transmittance through frozen matrixes is a challenging task. The main reason is the difficulty in overcoming the strong scattering light reaching the detector. This is particularly true when thick samples are necessary for recording absorption spectra of weak oscillators. In the case of strongly fluorescent compounds, additional errors in absorbance measurements arise from the emission reaching the detector, which might have an intensity comparable to that of the transmitted light. This article presents a fundamentally different approach to low-temperature absorption measurements as the sought for information is the intensity of laser excitation returning from the frozen sample to the ICCD. Laser excitation is collected with the aid of a cryogenic fiber optic probe. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated with single-site and multiple-site Shpol\u27skii systems. The 4.2 K absorption spectra show excellent agreement with their literature counterparts recorded via transmittance with closed-cycle cryogenators. Fluorescence quantum yields measured at room temperature compare well to experimental data acquired in our laboratory via classical methodology. Similar agreement is observed between 77 K fluorescence quantum yields and previously reported data acquired with classical methodology. We then extend our approach to generate original data on fluorescence quantum yields at 4.2 K. © 2007 American Chemical Society

Impact of Through-Hole Defects on the Electro-Explosive Properties of Exploding Foil Transducers

This study examines the impact of surface defects on the electro-explosive properties of metal explosive foil transducers. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of defects in the bridge foil and their influence on the electrical explosion time and transduction efficiency. To analyze these effects, a current-voltage simulation model is developed to simulate the behavior of a defective bridge foil. The simulation results are validated through experimental current-voltage measurements at both ends of the bridge area. The findings reveal that the presence of through-hole defects on the surface of the bridge foil leads to an advancement in the electrical explosion time and a reduction in the transduction efficiency of the bridge foil. A performance comparison is made between the defective bridge foil and a defect-free copper foil. As observed, a through-hole defect with a radius of 20 μm results in a 1 ns advance in the blast time and a 1.52% decrease in energy conversion efficiency. Similarly, a through-hole defect with a radius of 50 μm causes a 51 ns advancement in the blast time and a 13.96% reduction in the energy conversion efficiency. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of surface defects on the electro-explosive properties, emphasizing the importance of minimizing defects to enhance their performance

Study of the Explosive Bridge Film Using Laser Shaping Technology

Laser shaping technology and its applications have gained widespread attention in different fields. Using laser repair technology prolongs the service life of micro-explosive products and reduces the production cost, as well as enables the recycling of resources. Although most research mainly focuses on aspheric surface shaping and testing technology, only a few studies on repair technology for micro-explosive products using laser shaping have been reported. To promote the better application of laser shaping technology in the production and repair process of micro-explosive components, this work mainly studied the effect of laser shaping on the repair of an explosive bridge film to enhance the ignition performance and prevent damage. Different processes were used to repair the metal film using laser shaping and non-shaping, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the similarities and differences of a laser-damaged film surface before and after shaping, and the influence of laser energy parameters on the microstructure and ignition properties of the repaired region. Additionally, we obtained a reasonable repair scheme by analyzing the temperature field variation from the simulation. The results show that the damage caused by the non-shaping and shaping lasers can be repaired using the heat flow and vaporization methods, respectively. By controlling the process parameters, the quality of repair can be improved and the production cost of the bridge film can be reduced

Look up, look around: is there anything different about team-level OCB in China?

Ethical leadership has been widely identified as the key variable in enhancing team-level organizational citizenship behavior (team-level OCB) in western economic and business contexts. This is challenged by empirical evidence in China and findings of this study. Our study examined the relationship between ethical leadership, organizational ethical context (ethical culture and corporate ethical values) and team-level OCB. Team-level data has been collected from 57 functional teams in 57 firms operating in China. The findings suggest that although ethical leadership is positively associated with team-level OCB, ethical context positively moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and team-level OCB. The higher ethical context is found to be, the greater is the (positive) effects of ethical leadership on team-level OCB and the opposite holds true when ethical context is low. Key implications are discussed on the role of contextual ethics for team level OCB, while managerial implications include how non-Chinese firms could improve team-level OCB in the Chinese business context