OMAE2006-92116 TIME-VARIANT RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FPSO CONSIDERING CORROSION AND COLLISION

ABSTRACT Floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) system has been widely used in the offshore oil and gas exploitations. Since it has long intervals of docking for thorough inspection and maintenance, and is exposed to collision risk at sea, the time-variant reliability of FPSO becomes very important as for the risks of corrosion and collision

OMAE2004-51016 RISK BASED INSPECTION AND REPAIR OPTIMIZATION OF SHIP STRUCTURES CONSIDERING CORROSION EFFECTS

ABSTRACT A theoretical framework of risk based optimal inspection and repair planning is proposed for the ship structures subjected to corrosion deterioration. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem where the expected lifetime costs were minimized with a constraint on the minimum acceptable reliability index. The safety margins are established for the inspection events, the repair events and the failure events for ship structures. Moreover, the formulae are derived to calculate failure probabilities and repair probabilities. Based on them, a component subjected to pitting corrosion is investigated to illustrate the process of selecting the optimal inspection and repair strategy. Furthermore, some sensitivity studies were provided. The results show that the optimal inspection instants should take place before the reliability index reaches the minimum acceptable reliability index. The optimal target failure probability is . In addition, a balance can be achieved between the risk cost and total expected inspection and repair costs by using the risk based optimal inspection and repair method, which is very effective in selecting the optimal inspection and repair strategy

Analisis Adopsi Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Berbasis Padi di Sumatera Selatan dalam Perspektif Komunikasi

Analysis of Adoption of Agricultural Technology Innovation Rice-based Farming in Sumatra inthe perspective of communications. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) South Sumatrahas produced innovative rice-based farming technology in various agroecosystem. However, adoption ratesare still relatively low. Evaluation of four assessments aimed to identify the factors that predominantly affectthe adoption of technological innovation based local-specific farming rice and to know the level of adoption.This activity is carried out in OKI, East OKU and Banyuasin regencies with 67 respondents interviewedin July-September 2007. The results of this assessment showed that the factors that influence the adoption oftechnological innovations such as the level of selective exposure of technology innovation, cosmopolite,triability, complexity of technology and agricultural extension intensity. The average adoption index for thepacket of rice cultivation technology was 50.32%. As many as 93.02% of respondents have positive perceptionsof the researcher-extension AIAT South Sumatra as the communicator in delivering information technology.Most respondents (80%) expressed a desire to obtain agricultural information generated AIAT South Sumatra.Key words: Adoption, innovation, rice, communication Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Selatan sudah menghasilkan inovasi teknologipertanian berbasis padi di berbagai agroekosistem. Namun tingkat adopsinya masih relatif rendah. Evaluasi terhadapempat pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi proses adopsiinovasi teknologi pertanian spesifik lokasi berbasis padi dan mengetahui tingkat adopsinya. Kegiatan ini dilakukan diKabupaten OKI, OKU Timur dan Banyuasin dengan mewawancarai 67 orang responden pada bulan Juli – September2007. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif diketahui bahwa (1) adopsi inovasi teknologi budidaya tanamanpadi di Sumatera Selatan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kebutuhan petani terhadap inovasi teknologi, sifat kekosmopolitanpetani, triabilitas dan kompleksitas teknologi dan intensitas pembinaan, (2) indeks adopsi inovasi petani terhadappaket teknologi budidaya padi kondisinya beragam tergantung pada jenis kegiatan, (3) petani di Sumatera Selatanumumnya memberikan apresiasi positif terhadap peneliti-penyuluh BPTP Sumatera Selatan, terlihat dari tingginyaminat petani untuk mendapatkan berbagai media informasi pertanian BPTP Sumatera Selatan, dan (4) temuankajian ini mengindikasikan faktor komunikasi memegang peran utama yang dapat mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi

You Need Multiple Exiting: Dynamic Early Exiting for Accelerating Unified Vision Language Model

Large-scale Transformer models bring significant improvements for various downstream vision language tasks with a unified architecture. The performance improvements come with increasing model size, resulting in slow inference speed and increased cost for severing. While some certain predictions benefit from the full complexity of the large-scale model, not all of inputs need the same amount of computation to conduct, potentially leading to computation resource waste. To handle this challenge, early exiting is proposed to adaptively allocate computational power in term of input complexity to improve inference efficiency. The existing early exiting strategies usually adopt output confidence based on intermediate layers as a proxy of input complexity to incur the decision of skipping following layers. However, such strategies cannot apply to encoder in the widely-used unified architecture with both encoder and decoder due to difficulty of output confidence estimation in the encoder. It is suboptimal in term of saving computation power to ignore the early exiting in encoder component. To handle this challenge, we propose a novel early exiting strategy for unified visual language models, which allows dynamically skip the layers in encoder and decoder simultaneously in term of input layer-wise similarities with multiple times of early exiting, namely \textbf{MuE}. By decomposing the image and text modalities in the encoder, MuE is flexible and can skip different layers in term of modalities, advancing the inference efficiency while minimizing performance drop. Experiments on the SNLI-VE and MS COCO datasets show that the proposed approach MuE can reduce expected inference time by up to 50\% and 40\% while maintaining 99\% and 96\% performance respectively

Characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Lilium concolor Salisb. (Liliaceae) from Jilin, China

Lilium concolor Salisb. is a perennial herb with high ornamental and medicinal value in China. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of L. concolor was assembled using high-throughput sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of L. concolor is 152,625 bp in length and consists of large single-copy (82,056 bp) and small single-copy (17,585 bp) regions, and a pair of inverted repeat (26,492 bp) regions. A total of 131 genes were annotated, these included 85 protein-coding, 38 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes, with an overall GC content of 37.0%. Phylogenetic analysis with 48 chloroplast genomes fully resolved L. concolor in a clade with L. amabile, L. callosum, and L. pumilum. This study further confirmed that chloroplast genomes in the genus Lilium are highly conserved, which supports the conclusions from previous reports

Modified generalised successive over-relaxation method for augmented linear systems

We introduce here a modified generalised successive over-relaxation (MGSOR) method to solve augmented linear systems. We prove that the MGSOR method converges to the unique solution of the linear system for a loose restriction on three parameters. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the MGSOR iteration method which outperforms the modified SOR-like method and the generalised successive over-relaxation method. References Z. Z. Bai, B. N. Parlett, Z. Q. Wang, On generalized successive overrelaxation methods for augmented linear systems, Numer. Math., 102(2005), 1--38, doi:10.1007/s00211-005-0643-0 G. H. Golub, X. Wu, J. Y. Yuan, SOR-like methods for augmented systems, BIT, 41(2001), 71--85, doi:10.1023/A:1021965717530 X. H. Shao, Z. Li, C. J. Li, Modified SOR-like method for the augmented system, Int. J. Comput. Math., 84(2007), 1653--1662, doi:10.1080/00207160601117313 F. Brezzi, M. Fortin, Mixed and Hybrid Finite Element Methods, Springer--Verlag, New York and London, 1991. M. Fortin, R. Glowinski, Augmented Lagrangian Methods, Applications to the Numerical Solution of Boundary Value Problems, North--Holland, Amsterdam, 1983. M. T. Darvishi, P. Hessari, Symmetric SOR method for augmented systems, Appl. Math. Comput., 183(2006), 409--415, doi:10.1016/j.amc.2006.05.094 D. M. Young, Iterative Solution for Large Linear Systems, Academic Press, New York, 1971

Facile and Divergent Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of Drimane Meroterpenoids by Merging Decarboxylative Borylation and Suzuki Coupling

Based on the easily accessible and inexpensive sclareol, the bench stable drimanyl BPin was achieved through oxidative degradation and decarboxylative borylation. The following Suzuki coupling of the borate intermediate was developed as a powerful platform for a large variety of drimane meroterpenoids, non-natural mimics and ring-distorted motifs. Key features include mild conditions, operational facility, broad substrate scope, scalability, and good chemofidelity and stereofidelity as well as the easy availability of the various coupling partners. Expedient formal synthesis of a large number of complex natural products is feasible via the current methodology. The high degree of practicality of the current chemistry bodes well for the discovery sciences towards pharmaceutically important meroterpenoids or leads through detailed SAR study. The facile accessibility to drimane meroterpenoids and mimics allowed the unprecedented evaluation of these chemical entities as antifungal agents. The promising activity of the non-natural mimics may open a new window for structural optimization and the identification of new targets.</p

Rhodium-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydroaminomethylation of Styrenes with Tetraphosphorus Ligands

The highly linear-selective hydroaminomethylation of styrenes is very challenging. Herein, an efficient, highly chemoselective, and linear-selective hydroaminomethylation (l/b up to >99:1) of styrenes using Rh(nbd)₂SbF₆ with a pyrrole-based 3,3′,5,5′-substituted tetraphosphorus ligand is documented. This is in sharp contrast to other available processes leading to branched amines and provides a novel atom economic approach to 3-arylpropylamines

Expression of serum microRNA-378 and its clinical significance in renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Studies have demonstrated that miRNA-378 is expressed in various malignant tumors. In the present study, we aimed to explore the expression of serum miRNA-378 and its clinical significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. A total of 75 RCC patients, 63 renal cysts (RC) patients and 75 healthy controls were selected. The miRNA-378 level in RCC and RC groups was significantly higher than in healthy control group, with RCC group having the highest level. The miRNA-378 levels were significantly decreased within the same group after surgery. When compared with healthy controls, RC group had higher levels but not significantly (p > 0.05) while levels in RCC group were significantly higher (p < 0.05). miRNA-378 expression was correlated with clinical stage and differentiation degree, but not correlated with patient's age, gender, surgical strategy and tumor diameter. The AUC of miRNA-378 was 0.896, 95% confidence interval was 0.847 to 0.945, and AUC hypothesis testing was statistically significant (p < 0.001, RCC vs healthy control). miRNA-378 shows potential in the diagnosis and prediction of postoperative curative effect of renal cell carcinoma, but further studies with lager samples are needed