Forest resource information system, phase 3

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

A prospective observational study on maternal near miss cases in a rural teaching hospital

Background: Women who have survived complications during pregnancy and child birth have been studied and termed Maternal near miss (MNM). All near misses should be interpreted as free lesson and opportunities to improve the quality of service provision. The aim of the study was to know the incidence, risk factors and underline causes of MNM in our setup as there is limited data from Himachal Pradesh.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study that was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda (HP), from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The patients in this study were, pregnant women who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, child birth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy as per WHO MNM criteria 2009.Results: A total of 9690 live births, 5 maternal deaths and 116 MNM cases were reported during the study period.  Incidence of MNM observed was 12%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 39.6% cases were most common cause for MNM followed by obstetric hemorrhage 31.03% cases. Majority of neonates i.e.; 58% were admitted to NICU and only 52.7% survived the postnatal complications.Conclusions: Critical analysis of MNM cases will help us in identifying the deficiencies in obstetric care. Maternal mortality and morbidity can be reduced if timely and effective care can be given to women experiencing acute pregnancy related complications. There is need for validation of ‘MNM’ criteria at peripheral levels which will enable them in early identification and timely referral of such cases to tertiary centers

Cavitation-induced force transition in confined viscous liquids under traction

We perform traction experiments on simple liquids highly confined between parallel plates. At small separation rates, we observe a simple response corresponding to a convergent Poiseuille flow. Dramatic changes in the force response occur at high separation rates, with the appearance of a force plateau followed by an abrupt drop. By direct observation in the course of the experiment, we show that cavitation accounts for these features which are reminiscent of the utmost complex behavior of adhesive films under traction. Surprisingly enough, this is observed here in purely viscous fluids.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters on May 31, 2002. Related informations on http://www.crpp.u-bordeaux.fr/tack.htm

Getting at the Moral Leadership of Education Deans

Vignettes were used to prompt four education deans to think aloud about ways in which they would resolve problems with embedded moral issues. Thematic coding was used to analyze the interview texts that had been tape recorded and transcribed. There was general support for the two moral themes of holding to broad social ideals and negotiating for mutually acceptable outcomes, but individual expressions of specific strategies and actions differed. The results of this study support a multi-dimensional approach to the study of the leadership of deans that simultaneously examines the moral, social, intellectual and emotional aspects of problem solving. The results also suggest a possible shift in the way to advertise and interview for education deans. The advertisement should ask prospective candidates to discuss their list of accomplishments in relation to personal leadership characteristics. The interview should include an administrative colloquium on the order of the pedagogical colloquium suggested by Shulman (1993)

Comparing projected impacts of cigarette floor price and excise tax policies on socioeconomic disparities in smoking

About half of all US states have cigarette minimum price laws (MPLs) that require a per cent mark-up on prices, but research suggests they may not be very effective in raising prices. An alternative type of MPL sets a floor price below which packs cannot be sold, and may be more promising. This new type of MPL policy has only been implemented in 1 city, therefore its benefits relative to excise taxes is difficult to assess

Accelerating the Deactivation of \u3cem\u3eSalmonella enterica\u3c/em\u3e Serovar Newport and \u3cem\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/em\u3e O157:H7 in Dairy Manure by Modifying pH or Temperature

To assess methods for control of disease-causing bacteria in animal manures prior to field application, we manipulated the temperature or adjusted pH of dairy manure to high (3.5 to 5) or low (10 to 12) values with aluminum sulfate or hydrated lime, and inoculated the manure with Salmonella enterica serovar Newport or Escherichia coli O157:H7, then incubated the manure at ambient temperature. At pH 4.2, S. Newport was eliminated within 6 days; however at pH \u3e4.2 S. Newport was suppressed only temporarily and recovered to concentrations near the unamended controls. pH required to eliminate E. coli O157:H7 was 4.5. Both pathogens were killed by pH 11.0. The pathogens were eliminated within 2 weeks when inoculated manure was incubated at 37°C, whereas at 22°C and 4°C, the organisms persisted for much longer periods. S. Newport survived for over 300 days at 4°C, which has implications for manure spreading in colder seasons

Comparando dos métodos de estimación del tamaño de las redes personales

En este artículo comparamos dos métodos para la estimación del tamaño de las redes personales utilizando una muestra representativa de Estados Unidos a nivel nacional. Ambos métodos se basan en la habilidad de las personas encuestadas para estimar el número de personas que conocen en subpoblaciones específicas de EE.UU. (ej.: diabéticos, nativo-americanos) y gente en categorías específicas de relación (ej.: familia inmediata, compañeros de trabajo). Los resultados muestran una remarcable similitud entre el tamaño medio de la red obtenido por ambos métodos (aproximadamente 291). Se obtuvieron resultados similares con una muestra nacional distinta. La tentativa de corroboración de nuestras estimaciones mediante una reproducción exacta de la encuesta entre un segmento de población propenso a tener redes más amplias (el clero), dio como resultado un tamaño medio de la red superior. Una investigación extensiva sobre la existencia de efectos de respuesta mostró algunas preferencias por usar ciertos números a la hora de realizar estimaciones, pero nada que afectase de forma significativa a la estimación de tamaño de la red más allá del 6 por ciento. Nuestra conclusión es que ambos métodos utilizados para la estimación del tamaño de las redes personales proporcionan resultados válidos y fiables del tamaño de la red real, pero quedan algunas cuestiones pendientes sobre la exactitud.In this paper we compare two methods for estimating the size of personal networks using a nationally representative sample of the United States. Both methods rely on the ability of respondents to estimate the number of people they know in specific subpopulations of the U.S. (e.g., diabetics, Native Americans) and people in particular relation categories (e.g., immediate family, coworkers). The results demonstrate a remarkable similarity between the average network size generated by both methods (approximately 291). Similar results were obtained with a separate national sample. An attempt to corroborate our estimates by replicati among a population we suspect has large networks (clergy), yielded a larger average network size. Extensive investigation into the existence of response effects showed some preference for using certain numbers when making estimates, but nothing that would significantly affect the estimate of network size beyond about 6 percent. We conclude that both methods for estimating personal network size yield valid and reliable proxies for actual network size, but questions about accuracy remain

Beyond excise taxes: a systematic review of literature on non-tax policy approaches to raising tobacco product prices

Raising the price of tobacco products is considered one of the most effective ways to reduce tobacco use. In addition to excise taxes, governments are exploring other policies to raise tobacco prices and minimise price dispersion, both within and across price tiers. We conducted a systematic review to determine how these policies are described, recommended and evaluated in the literature