К ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ДОСТОИНСТВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ЛАНДШАФТОВ

The goal is to substantiate the change in the social significance of the cultural landscape in the development of new aspects of human activity (the development of the tourism cluster), leading to the formation of a new kind of aesthetic potential of the cultural landscape. Materials and methods. The objects of study were artificial waterways (canals and dams) of the islands of the Solovki archipelago in northern Russia, Longji rice terraces in China and lupine fields in the floodplains of New Zealand rivers. For a quantitative assessment of the aesthetic properties of landscapes, a scale of assessments of the landscape-aesthetic value of cultural landscapes was used. Discussion. The aesthetic functions of the landscape, the integrative connections between the aesthetic potential of the landscape and a comfortable favorable habitat, the role of the historical and cultural landscape in preserving the historical memory of society are considered. The quantitative and qualitative assessments of the aesthetic functions of landscapes are proposed, allowing to argue the organization of the economic system of their preservation, maintenance and restoration. It is shown that the preservation and development of the aesthetic potential of cultural landscapes can lead to a change in their development, a change in the method of nature management and the formation of a completely new type of aesthetic perception of the landscape. Conclusion. Currently, the aesthetic component of cultural landscapes has become a more significant factor than the economic functions for which they were created.El objetivo es corroborar el cambio en la importancia social del paisaje cultural en el desarrollo de nuevos aspectos de la actividad humana (el desarrollo del grupo turístico), lo que lleva a la formación de un nuevo tipo de potencial estético del paisaje cultural. Materiales y métodos. Los objetos de estudio fueron vías fluviales artificiales (canales y presas) de las islas del archipiélago Solovki en el norte de Rusia, terrazas de arroz Longji en China y campos de altramuces en las llanuras aluviales de los ríos de Nueva Zelanda. Para una evaluación cuantitativa de las propiedades estéticas de los paisajes, se utilizó una escala de evaluaciones del valor paisajístico-estético de los paisajes culturales. Discusión. Se consideran las funciones estéticas del paisaje, las conexiones integradoras entre el potencial estético del paisaje y un hábitat cómodo y favorable, el papel del paisaje histórico y cultural en la preservación de la memoria histórica de la sociedad. Se proponen las evaluaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas de las funciones estéticas de los paisajes, lo que permite argumentar la organización del sistema económico de su preservación, mantenimiento y restauración. Se muestra que la preservación y el desarrollo del potencial estético de los paisajes culturales puede conducir a un cambio en su desarrollo, un cambio en el método de gestión de la naturaleza y la formación de un tipo completamente nuevo de percepción estética del paisaje. Conclusión. Actualmente, el componente estético de los paisajes culturales se ha convertido en un factor más significativo que las funciones económicas para las que fueron creados.Целью является обоснование смены общественной значимости культурного ландшафта при развитии новых сторон деятельности человека (развитие туристического кластера), приводящее к формированию нового вида эстетического потенциала культурного ландшафта. Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования были искусственные водные пути (каналы и дамбы) островов Соловецкого архипелага на севере России, рисовые террасы Лунцзи в Китае и люпиновые поля в поймах рек Новой Зеландии. Для количественной оценки эстетических свойств ландшафтов использована шкала оценок пейзажно-эстетической ценности культурных ландшафтов. Обсуждение. Рассмотрены эстетические функции ландшафта, интегративные связи между эстетическим потенциалом ландшафта и комфортной, благоприятной среды обитания, роль историко-культурного ландшафта в сохранении исторической памяти общества. Предложены количественная и качественная оценки эстетических функций ландшафтов, позволяющие аргументировать организацию экономической системы их сохранения, поддержания и восстановления. Показано, что сохранение и развитие эстетического потенциала культурных ландшафтов может приводить к изменению их освоения, смене способа природопользования и к формированию совершенно нового типа эстетического восприятия ландшафта. Заключение. В настоящее время эстетическая составляющая культурных ландшафтов стала более значимым фактором, чем те хозяйственные функции, ради которых они создавались

Assessment of essential oil yield in three mint species in the climatic conditions of Central Russia

Received: March 23rd, 2021 ; Accepted: June 9th, 2021 ; Published: June 30th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] aim of the study was to study the harvest time for the essential oil yield and its qualitative composition in three species of mint Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint), M. spicata L. (Spearmint) and M. arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex. Holmes (Sakhalinmint). In 2018, the research was performed with plants of second year of vegetation in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Immunity of the NV Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the RAS. As a result, it was found that the optimal harvest period for Sakhalinmint and Peppermint should be recommended in a phase of mass flowering: the yield of fresh raw materials was 509–479 g m-2 , air-dry raw materials - 110–107 g m-2 ; the content of essential oil in the aboveground part (a mixture of leaves and inflorescences) of plants - 3.24–4.01%; the proportion of the main component of essential oil (menthol) - 57.3–50.2%. In Spearmint, the optimum time for harvesting is the phase of budding. The content of the main component of essential oil (carvon) was maximum - 67.9%, and the yield of essential oil was 2.6%, while the yield was 381 g m-2 of fresh raw materials (81.9 g m-2 of air-dry raw materials) at harvesting in this ontogenesis stage. Analysis of the secretory apparatus parameters on a surface of some green tissues in three mint species showed that the maximum density of secretory glands on both sides of the leaf is characteristic of peppermint, which provides a higher yield of essential oil in this type of mint. The study allowed determining the optimal harvesting time for highly productive mint species when they are grown in the conditions of Central Russia. The raw materials of these mint species can be used for the production of essential oils and are of interest for pharmacology and the perfume and cosmetics industry

Constituents of the essential oil in Solidago canadensis L. from Eurasia

Hydro distilled essential oils in air-dry samples of aerial parts of Solidago canadensis L., (Asteraceae) from eight local invasive populations were investigated by GC-MS analysis. A comparative study on quantity and composition of the essential oils obtained from plants, growing in different ecological and climatic conditions, ontogenesis phase and different plant organs was carried out The major compounds detected in oil samples of S. canadensis were α-pinene (1.3 - 61.27%), limonene (0.5 - 22.5%), bornyl acetat (3.4 - 29.8%) and germacrene D (1.8 - 39.2%). Samples from inflorescences contained the maximal percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons, while the leaves' samples showed the maximal cumulative percentage of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Data obtained from our studies confirm the availability of alien invasive species Solidago canadensis for medicine and many other purposes. The variability of the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils in different geographical locations will allow futher selection of form containing the maximum amount of active substances

Опыт сжигания фрезерного торфа на тепловых электростанциях

The paper presents extensive knowledge and practical experience on burning of milled peat in the boilers of thermal electric power plants in Belarus and Russia. The accumulated experience can be used for solution of problems pertaining to substitution of some types of fuel imported to Belarus by milled peat which is extracted at many fuel effective peat enterprises of the Republic.Показано, что накоплен большой положительный опыт сжигания фрезерного торфа в котлах тепловых электростанций Беларуси и России. Накопленный опыт может быть использован при решении проблемы замещения импортируемых видов топлива в Беларусь фрезерным торфом, который добывается на многих действующих торфопредприятиях  страны

Initial stage of formation of spontaneous invasive populations of garden lupine (lupinus polyphyllus lindl.) at the northern limit of its secondary distribution range in the veps forest nature park

A weed plant of the species Lupinus polyphyllus was found in settlements located on the territory of the natural park «Vepssky forest» of the Leningrad regio

Children’s trauma of teeth

The purpose of the study is to develop a questionnaire and conduct a questionnaire of parents (knowledge of the algorithm of actions in case of dental trauma in a child).Цель исследования - разработать анкету и провести анкетирование родителей (знание по алгоритму действий при травме зубов у ребенка)

ФАКТОРЫ КОСТНОГО ОБМЕНА, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЗОМЕТЫ У БОЛЬНЫХ ДИССЕМИНИРОВАННЫМ РАКОМ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The efficacy of Zometa has been evaluated in the treatment of patients with disseminated prostate cancer. The use of Zometa as an inhibitor of bone resorption in the presence moderate changes in the activity of bone resorptive processes has shown the highest survival rates.Проведена оценка эффективности препарата Зомета при лечении больных диссеминированным раком предстательной железы. Показано, что применение Зометы в качестве ингибитора костной резорбции на фоне умеренных изменений активности резорбтивных процессов в кости сопровождается наибольшей выживаемостью пациентов

Лечение клинически локализованного рака предстательной железы

Purpose of our study is to carry out: comparative analysis of results of radical prostatectomy and conformal radiotherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.Materials and methods. For retrospective analysis we chose data from 177 patients with stage сT1—2N0M0 prostate cancer treated in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences from 1997 to 2007. Median age of patients was 61,3 years and ranged from 38 to 76 years. Before treatment median level of serum prostate specific antigen was 15,5±15,1 ng/ml and median Gleason index — 2,6±0,7 + 3,2±0,6 = 5,7±1,1. Retropubic radical prostatectomy was performed in 133 (75,4%) patients and external conformal radiotherapy — in 44 (24,6%) patients. Study groups were matched according to main parameters. Median follow-up time was 26,2±30,2 months.Results. Prostate gland capsule invasion was found in у 43 (32,3%), perineural growth — in 56 (31,3%), invasion of seminal vesicles — in 12 (6,8%), angiolymphatic invasion — in 53 (29,9%), positive surgical margins — in 9 (5,1%), pN+ — in 7 (4,0%) from 133 operated patients. In all 44 cases compete responses to radiotherapy were registered. Among 177 patients 5-year survival was 95,0%, specific survival — 100%, and survival without PSA relapse — 76,8%. According to monofactorial and multifactorial analyses favorable prognostic factors for survival without PSA relapse are radical prostatectomy (р=0,003 and р=0,019 respectively) and Gleason index <7 (p=0,012 and p=0,045 respectively). Advantage of operated patients over the patients treated with radiotherapy in regard to survival without PSA relapse rates is statistically significant in cases with Gleason indices <7 (р=0,013) and initial level of serum prostate specific antigen <10 ng/ml (р=0,005).Conclusion. Both surgical treatment and radiotherapy allows reaching favorable results in patients with stage cT1—2N0M0 prostate cancer. It is obvious that when choosing the preferred treatment modality the Gleason index and level of prostate specific antigen should be taken into account. Probably, repeat analysis after longer follow up time will allow drawing more definite conclusions about advantages of surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with stage cT1—2N0M0 prostate cancer of different prognostic groups.

Зомета в терапии рака предстательной железы с метастатическим поражением костей на фоне андрогенной депривации (результаты Российского многоцентрового исследования)

Introduction: Hormonal therapy is the method of choice in treating disseminated prostate cancer. Chronic androgenic suppression causes a reduction in bone mineral density. The most common complications of bone metastases are pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, pain, etc.Methods: A multicenter study (11 clinics of Russia) assessing the efficacy of Zometa in preventing skeletal complications of bone metastases was conducted in 2004—2005. Zometa was administered intravenously at a dose of 4 mg every 3Р4 weeks with androgenic deprivation. Its objective effect was evaluated in 70 patients. Changes in bone mineral density were evaluated by densitometry.Results: Complete pain relief was achieved in 73% of the patients; after therapy 86% of the patients had 0—1 WHO activity status score, 97% of the patients had no bone complications. The level of bone resorption marker β-Cross-Laps decreased to the normal values in 51% of the patients.Conclusion: The study has provided an evidence of the efficacy of Zometa and the necessity of using this drug in complex therapy for bone metastases of prostate cancer.Introduction: Hormonal therapy is the method of choice in treating disseminated prostate cancer. Chronic androgenic suppression causes a reduction in bone mineral density. The most common complications of bone metastases are pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, pain, etc.Methods: A multicenter study (11 clinics of Russia) assessing the efficacy of Zometa in preventing skeletal complications of bone metastases was conducted in 2004—2005. Zometa was administered intravenously at a dose of 4 mg every 3Р4 weeks with androgenic deprivation. Its objective effect was evaluated in 70 patients. Changes in bone mineral density were evaluated by densitometry.Results: Complete pain relief was achieved in 73% of the patients; after therapy 86% of the patients had 0—1 WHO activity status score, 97% of the patients had no bone complications. The level of bone resorption marker β-Cross-Laps decreased to the normal values in 51% of the patients.Conclusion: The study has provided an evidence of the efficacy of Zometa and the necessity of using this drug in complex therapy for bone metastases of prostate cancer