Episodic future thinking in generalized anxiety disorder

Research on future-oriented cognition in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has primarily focused on worry, while less is known about the role of episodic future thinking (EFT), an imagery-based cognitive process. To characterize EFT in this disorder, we used the experimental recombination procedure, in which 21 GAD and 19 healthy participants simulated positive, neutral and negative novel future events either once or repeatedly, and rated their phenomenological experience of EFT. Results showed that healthy controls spontaneously generated more detailed EFT over repeated simulations. Both groups found EFT easier to generate after repeated simulations, except when GAD participants simulated positive events. They also perceived higher plausibility of negative-not positive or neutral-future events than did controls. These results demonstrate a negativity bias in GAD individuals' episodic future cognition, and suggest their relative deficit in generating vivid EFT. We discuss implications for the theory and treatment of GAD.R01 MH060941 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01 MH078308 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01AG08441 - NIA NIH HHS; R01 AT007257 - NCCIH NIH HHS; R01MH60941 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01 AG008441 - NIA NIH HHS; R34 MH099311 - NIMH NIH HHS; R21MH102646 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01AT007257 - NCCIH NIH HHS; R21 MH102646 - NIMH NIH HHS; R34MH078308 - NIMH NIH HH

Закономерности изменения адсорбционных свойств глин, активированных давлением и ионами железа

The purpose of the work is to consider the patterns of adsorption of water vapor by clay soils that have been treated with pressure and saturated with iron ions, and also to study the processes of adsorption and desorption of Fe3+ ions by bentonite and kaolin clays. The study of changes in the adsorption properties of clay soils is necessary to understand the processes occurring in soils, both in natural and anthropogenic conditions, especially in the case of soil contamination. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the adsorption capacity of clays in relation to water vapor increases when they are treated with pressure. When clay is treated with pressure and subsequently saturated with iron ions in bentonite clay, the adsorption activity decreases in the range of 0-150 MPa, at higher pressures it changes irregularly. In kaolin, adsorption increases at pressures up to 200 MPa, but it decreases at pressures from 200 to 800 MPa.Цель работы: рассмотреть закономерности адсорбции водяного пара глинистыми грунтами, которые были обработаны под разными давлениями и насыщены ионами железа, а также изучить процессы адсорбции и десорбции ионов Fe3+ бентонитовой и каолиновой глинами. Изучение изменений адсорбционных свойств глинистых грунтов необходимо для понимания процессов, происходящих в грунтах как в природных, так и в антропогенных условиях, особенно в случае загрязнения грунтов. В результате эксперимента было установлено, что адсорбционная способность глин по отношению к водяному пару возрастает при обработке их давлением. При обработке глин давлением и при последующем насыщении их ионами железа в бентонитовой глине адсорбционная активность снижается в диапазоне 0–150 МПа, при более высоких давлениях изменяется незакономерно. В каолине происходит рост адсорбции при давлениях до 200 МПа, но она уменьшается при давлениях от 200 до 800 МПа

Foldamers of β-peptides : conformational preference of peptides formed by rigid building blocks : The first MI-IR spectra of a triamide nanosystem

To determine local chirality driven conformational preferences of small aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid derivatives, X-(ACBA) n -Y, their matrix-isolation IR spectra were recorded and analyzed. For the very first time model systems of this kind were deposited in a frozen (~10 K) noble gas matrix to reduce line width and thus, the recorded sharp vibrational lines were analyzed in details. For cis-(S,R)-1 monomer two “zigzag” conformers composed of either a six or an eight-membered H-bonded pseudo ring was identified. For trans-(S,S)-2 stereoisomer a zigzag of an eight-membered pseudo ring and a helical building unit were determined. Both findings are fully consistent with our computational results, even though the relative conformational ratios were found to vary with respect to measurements. For the dimers (S,R,S,S)-3 and (S,S,S,R)-4 as many as four different cis,trans and three different trans,cis conformers were localized in their matrix-isolation IR (MI-IR) spectra. These foldamers not only agree with the previous computational and NMR results, but also unambiguously show for the first time the presence of a structure made of a cis,trans conformer which links a “zigzag” and a helical foldamer via a bifurcated H-bond. The present work underlines the importance of MI-IR spectroscopy, applied for the first time for triamides to analyze the conformational pool of small biomolecules. We have shown that the local chirality of a β-amino acid can fully control its backbone folding preferences. Unlike proteogenic α-peptides, β- and especially (ACBA) n type oligopeptides could thus be used to rationally design and influence foldamer’s structural preferences

Длительная регионарная анальгезия в комплексной терапии обширных гнойно-некротических ран на фоне декомпенсированной артериальной и венозной недостаточности (клиническое наблюдение)

Objective: to demonstrate the successful complex treatment of a shin circular wound in a patient with intense pain due to critical limb ischemia and wound infection, which became possible against the background of prolonged peripheral blockade. Materials and methods. A 72-year-old patient with critical ischemia of the right lower extremity was treated for a circular purulent-necrotic wound of the shin leg from November 2016 to April 2017 at the Wounds and Wound Infections Department of FSBI “A. V. Vishnevsky NRC of Surgery” Ministry of Health of Russia. An examination revealed the impossibility of right lower limb arterial insufficiency surgical correction. The patient refused amputation of the lower limb. For the relief of pain, a long-term blockage of the sciatic nerve was used (infusion of ropivacaine 6.0–8.0 mg / hr into the perineural catheter, additional 100 mg ropivacaine boluses were used before performing traumatic daily dressings). The intensity of pain was evaluated on a visual analogue scale (VAS), sought to achieve a pain intensity of not more than 3 points at rest and not more than 4 points on – when moving. Results. Blockade of the sciatic nerve reduced the intensity of pain from 8–10 to 0–3 points, which made it possible to continue treatment. In total, the duration of sciatic nerve catheterization at the stages of treatment was 115 days (18 + 41 + 23 + 32), the maximum duration of one of the peripheral nerve catheterizations was 41 days. Complications associated with nerve catheterization were not observed in the patient. The pain syndrome is stopped, the area of the wound defect is reduced in size. Discharged for outpatient treatment. Conclusion. Long-term peripheral analgesia made it possible to gain time necessary for cleansing the wound surface from necrotic tissues, therapy with drugs that improve arterial blood supply to the limbs, as well as for performing reconstructive and reconstructive operations after the wound process has passed to the reparative stage. Long-term peripheral blockade is a prerequisite for the successful treatment of extensive wounds of the lower extremities caused by insufficient arterial blood supply at the stage of critical limb ischemia, accompanied by intense pain. Цель исследования: демонстрация опыта успешного комплексного лечения циркулярной раны голени у пациентки с интенсивным болевым синдромом, обусловленным критической ишемией конечности и раневой инфекцией, которое стало возможным на фоне пролонгированной периферической блокады. Материалы и методы исследования. Пациентка 72 лет с критической ишемией правой нижней конечности лечилась по поводу циркулярной гнойно-некротической раны голени с ноября 2016 по апрель 2017 года в Отделе ран и раневых инфекций ФГБУ «НМИЦ хирургии им. А. В. Вишневского» Минздрава России. При обследовании выявлена невозможность хирургической коррекции артериальной недостаточности правой нижней конечности. От ампутации нижней конечности больная отказалась. Для купирования болевого синдрома использовали длительную блокаду седалищного нерва (инфузия ропивакаина 6,0–8,0 мг/ч в периневральный катетер, до выполнения травматичных ежедневных перевязок применяли дополнительно болюсы ропивакаина по 100 мг). Интенсивность боли оценивали по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ), стремились к достижению интенсивности боли не более 3 баллов в покое и не более 4 баллов по ВАШ при движении. Результаты исследования. Блокада седалищного нерва уменьшила интенсивность боли по ВАШ от 8–10 до 0–3 баллов, что обеспечило возможность продолжать лечение. В сумме продолжительность катетеризации седалищного нерва на этапах лечения составила 114 суток (18 + 41 + 23 + 32), максимальная продолжительность одной из катетеризаций периферического нерва – 41 сутки. Осложнений, связанных с катетеризацией нерва, у больной не наблюдали. Болевой синдром купирован, площадь раневого дефекта уменьшена в размерах. Выписана на амбулаторное лечение. Заключение. Длительная периферическая анальгезия позволила выиграть время, необходимое для очищения поверхности раны от некротических тканей, терапии препаратами, улучшающими артериальное кровоснабжение конечности, и выполнения реконструктивных и восстановительных операций после перехода раневого процесса в репаративную стадию. Длительная периферическая блокада является необходимым условием успешного лечения обширных ран нижних конечностей, обусловленных недостаточностью артериального кровоснабжения в стадии критической ишемии, сопровождающихся интенсивным болевым синдромом.

Development of an evidence-based brief 'talking' intervention for non-responders to bowel screening for use in primary care:stakeholder interviews

Bowel cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Bowel screening has been shown to reduce mortality and primary care interventions have been successful in increasing uptake of screening. Using evidence-based theory to inform the development of such interventions has been shown to increase their effectiveness. This study aimed to develop and refine a brief evidence-based intervention for eligible individuals whom have not responded to their last bowel screening invitation (non-responders), for opportunistic use by primary care providers during routine consultations.The development of a brief intervention involving a conversation between primary care providers and non-responders was informed by a multi-faceted model comprising: research team workshop and meetings to draw on expertise; evidence from the literature regarding barriers to bowel screening and effective strategies to promote informed participation; relevant psychological theory, and intervention development and behaviour change guidance. Qualitative telephone interviews with 1) bowel screening stakeholders and 2) patient non-responders explored views regarding the acceptability of the intervention to help refine its content and process.The intervention provides a theory and evidence-based tool designed to be incorporated within current primary care practice. Bowel screening stakeholders were supportive of the intervention and recognised the importance of the role of primary care. Interviews highlighted the importance of brevity and simplicity to incorporate the intervention into routine clinical care. Non-responders similarly found the intervention acceptable, valuing a holistic approach to their care. Moreover, they expected their primary care provider to encourage participation.A theory-based brief conversation for use in a primary care consultation was acceptable to bowel screening stakeholders and potential recipients, reflecting a health promoting primary care ethos. Findings indicate that it is appropriate to test the intervention in primary care in a feasibility study

The whole genome sequence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), reveals insights into the biology and adaptive evolution of a highly invasive pest species

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is a major destructive insect pest due to its broad host range, which includes hundreds of fruits and vegetables. It exhibits a unique ability to invade and adapt to ecological niches throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world, though medfly infestations have been prevented and controlled by the sterile insect technique (SIT) as part of integrated pest management programs (IPMs). The genetic analysis and manipulation of medfly has been subject to intensive study in an effort to improve SIT efficacy and other aspects of IPM control

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ АКТИНОМИКОЗА БРЮШНОЙ СТЕНКИ И ОРГАНОВ МАЛОГО ТАЗА

The paper describes a clinical case of visceral actinomycosis in a 19-year-old female patient. The complexity of preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis is the similarity of this form of actinomycosis and the neoplastic process and abscess of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis. The disease ran involving the abdominal wall, bladder, right fallopian tube, and parametrium. The diagnosis was based on the histological findings of specimens obtained during the first surgery. On day 18 after the first surgery, there was a need for relaparotomy. Postoperatively, the patient received combination therapy, long-term antibiotic therapy, and immunomodulators (actinolysate). The performed treatment provided a positive effect. В статье представлен клинический случай висцерального актиномикоза у пациентки в возрасте 19 лет. Сложность дооперационной и интраоперационной диагностики заключалась в сходстве данной формы актиномикоза с неопластическим процессом и абсцессом брюшной полости и малого таза. Заболевание протекало с поражением брюшной стенки, мочевого пузыря, правой маточной трубы и параметрия. Диагноз установлен на основании данных гистологических исследований препаратов, полученных во время первой операции. На 18-е сутки от момента первого вмешательства возникла необходимость выполнения релапаротомии. В послеоперационном периоде пациентка получала комплексное лечение, длительную антибактериальную терапию, иммуномодуляторы (актинолизат). Проведенное лечение дало положительный эффект.

Methodology for the selection of the integrated development territories for the multi-story residential building construction with the eco-standards implementation

In modern conditions, the tasks of transition to the territorial sustainable development are complex and cannot be reduced only to the sectoral issues. The solution of the tasks set must be based on taking into account the natural environment development laws, as well as the laws of the public institutions’ development and the economic mechanisms development. An economic policy with an analysis of the state of the Rostov Region economy sectors is presented in the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region 2020-2030 (hereinafter referred to as Strategy 2030), which also considers the key trends in the construction industry. According to Strategy 2030, the Rostov Region, according to many indicators of the construction complex, is consistently among the leaders in Russia. The volume of work performed by the type of economic activity “Construction” is steadily growing. The Don region is in the TOP-10 of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the maximum housing commissioning volume