Influência de variáveis ambientais sobre o padrão estrutural e florístico do componente arbóreo, em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana em Lages, SC

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985081This study aimed to characterize the floristic composition and structure of the tree component of a montane Araucaria Forest fragment and to assess the influence of environmental variables on the patterns observed. The study area was located in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina state, close to the margin of the Caveiras River. The vegetation and the environmental variables (physical and chemical soils characteristics, relief and canopy cover) were surveyed within 50, 20 x 10m, permanent plots allocated systematically stratified in the forest fragment. All trees with circumference at breast height (CBH) ³ 15,7 cm were measured (CBH and height) and identified. It was calculated the importance value (VI) of the species found, performed the ordination of plots according to the abundance of species through the analysis of NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling) and plotted the "a posterior" the significant environmental variables in the ordination diagram. One thousand, eight hundred and forty-three (1,843) individuals were sampled, which added up to a total basal area of 36.45 m2, distributed in 37 botanical families, 63 genera and 92 species. The three species with the highest values of VI were Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand and Jacaranda puberula Cham. The variables that showed the higher correlation with the tree component structure and floristic composition were the pH, the plot highest declivity and the Mg content.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985081O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura do componente arbóreo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana e avaliar a influência de variáveis ambientais sobre os padrões encontrados. A área de estudo situa-se no município de Lages, SC, às margens do Rio Caveiras (27°51'19.20"S e 50°10'33,39"W). O levantamento da vegetação e das variáveis ambientais (características químicas e físicas dos solos, relevo e cobertura do dossel) foi realizado em 50 parcelas permanentes de 20x10 m, alocadas de forma sistemática estratificada no fragmento. Todas as árvores vivas com circunferência ≥ 15,7 cm (medidas a 1,30 m do solo - CAP) foram mensuradas (CAP e altura) e identificadas. Foi calculado o valor de importância (VI) das espécies encontradas, realizada a ordenação das parcelas em função da abundância das espécies, por meio da analise de NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scalling) e plotadas a posteriori as variáveis ambientais significativas no diagrama de ordenação. Foram amostrados 1.843 indivíduos, que totalizaram uma área basal de 36,45 m2/ha, distribuídos em 37 famílias botânicas, 63 gêneros e 92 espécies. As três espécies com os maiores valores de VI foram Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand e Jacaranda puberula Cham. As variáveis que apresentaram maior correlação com a estrutura e a composição florística do componente arbóreo foram o pH, o desnível máximo da parcela e o teor de Mg

Florística e estrutura do componente arbóreo e análise ambiental de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana no município de Painel, SC

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988449The highland Araucaria Forest is a little-studied forest formation, occurring in altitudes above 1,000 m. The objectives of this study were to understand the structural and floristic patterns of the tree component of a remaining of this forest in the southern plateau region of Santa Catarina State and to determine the environmental variables that influence these patterns. The tree component survey and the environmental data collection were conducted in 50 plots of 200 m2. Within these plots, all living trees with circumference at breast height (CBH) ³ 15,7 cm were measured (CBH and height) and identified. In each plot, environmental variables related to soils physical and chemical traits, topography and canopy cover were collected. Phytosociological parameters and the diameter structure (whole tree community and tree populations with the importance value above 5%) were calculated. The floristic-structural similarities among plots were analyzed by NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling) and vectors of environmental variables (p <0.05) were plotted a posteriori. A total of 50 tree species were identified, distributed in 33 genera and 20 families. The species with the highest VI were Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (17.32%), Myrceugenia euosma (O. Berg) D. Legrand (15.24%) and Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret (7.84% ). The diameter structure of the whole community and of the study populations (except Dicksonia sellowiana Hook.) showed a distribution close to the "inverted J". The NMDS analysis showed a higher percentage of clay in the plots with the highest density of Acca sellowiana and lowest percentage in the plots with high density of Dicksonia sellowiana, Inga lentiscifolia Benth. and Ocotea pulchella Mart. Plots with higher declivity had a higher density of Drimys brasiliensis Miers and those of lower declivity, higher elevation and greater canopy closure, had a higher occurrence of Drimys angustifolia Miers, Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb, Calyptranthes concinna DC. and Myrceugenia oxysepala (Burret) D. Legrand & Kausel.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988449A Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana é uma formação pouco estudada que ocorre em altitudes acima de 1.000 m. Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer os padrões florísticos e estruturais do componente arbóreo de um fragmento desta floresta na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense e determinar as variáveis ambientais que influenciam esses padrões. O levantamento da composição florística e estrutural e a coleta das variáveis ambientais foram conduzidos em 50 parcelas de 200 m2. Nelas, todos os indivíduos arbóreos com CAP (circunferência medida a altura do peito) ≥ 15,7 cm foram medidos (CAP e altura) e identificados. Foram coletadas, em cada parcela, variáveis ambientais relacionadas às características químicas e físicas dos solos, topográficas e de cobertura do dossel. Foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociológicos e a estrutura diamétrica da comunidade e das populações com valor de importância (VI) acima de 5 %. A similaridade florístico-estrutural entre as parcelas foi analisada pela NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling) e os vetores das variáveis ambientais significativas (p < 0,05) foram plotados a posteriori. Foram identificadas 50 espécies arbóreas distribuídas em 33 gêneros e 20 famílias botânicas. As espécies com maior VI foram: Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (17,32 %), Myrceugenia euosma (O.Berg) D.Legrand (15,24 %) e Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret (7,84 %). A estrutura diamétrica de toda a comunidade e das populações estudadas (exceto Dicksonia sellowiana Hook.) teve distribuição próxima ao “J invertido”. A análise NMDS demonstrou maior porcentagem de argila nas parcelas com maior densidade de Araucaria angustifolia e menor porcentagem, nas parcelas com maior densidade de Dicksonia sellowiana, Inga lentiscifolia Benth. e Ocotea pulchella Mart. As parcelas de maior declividade tiveram maior densidade de Drimys brasiliensis Miers e aquelas de menor declividade, maior cota e maior cobertura do dossel, tiveram maior ocorrência de Drimys angustifolia Miers, Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb., Calyptranthes concinna DC. e Myrceugenia oxysepala (Burret) D.Legrand & Kausel

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ON THE TREE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND FLORISTIC PATTERNS IN A MONTANE ARAUCARIA FOREST FRAGMENT IN LAGES, SANTA CATARINA STATE

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica e a estrutura do componente arb\uf3reo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Mista Montana e avaliar a influ\ueancia de vari\ue1veis ambientais sobre os padr\uf5es encontrados. A \ue1rea de estudo situa-se no munic\uedpio de Lages, SC, \ue0s margens do Rio Caveiras (27\ub051'19.20\u201dS e 50\ub010'33,39\u201dW). O levantamento da vegeta\ue7\ue3o e das vari\ue1veis ambientais (caracter\uedsticas qu\uedmicas e f\uedsicas dos solos, relevo e cobertura do dossel) foi realizado em 50 parcelas permanentes de 20x10 m, alocadas de forma sistem\ue1tica estratificada no fragmento. Todas as \ue1rvores vivas com circunfer\ueancia 65 15,7 cm (medidas a 1,30 m do solo - CAP) foram mensuradas (CAP e altura) e identificadas. Foi calculado o valor de import\ue2ncia (VI) das esp\ue9cies encontradas, realizada a ordena\ue7\ue3o das parcelas em fun\ue7\ue3o da abund\ue2ncia das esp\ue9cies, por meio da analise de NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scalling) e plotadas a posteriori as vari\ue1veis ambientais significativas no diagrama de ordena\ue7\ue3o. Foram amostrados 1.843 indiv\uedduos, que totalizaram uma \ue1rea basal de 36,45 m2/ha, distribu\ueddos em 37 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas, 63 g\ueaneros e 92 esp\ue9cies. As tr\ueas esp\ue9cies com os maiores valores de VI foram Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand e Jacaranda puberula Cham. As vari\ue1veis que apresentaram maior correla\ue7\ue3o com a estrutura e a composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica do componente arb\uf3reo foram o pH, o desn\uedvel m\ue1ximo da parcela e o teor de Mg.This study aimed to characterize the floristic composition and structure of the tree component of a montane Araucaria Forest fragment and to assess the influence of environmental variables on the patterns observed. The study area was located in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina state, close to the margin of the Caveiras River. The vegetation and the environmental variables (physical and chemical soils characteristics, relief and canopy cover) were surveyed within 50, 20 x 10m, permanent plots allocated systematically stratified in the forest fragment. All trees with circumference at breast height (CBH) 65 15,7 cm were measured (CBH and height) and identified. The importance values (IV) of the found species were calculated, the plots and species were ordinated by an analysis of NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling), according to the abundance of species, and the significant environmental variables plotted \u201ca posteriori\u201d in the ordination diagram. One thousand, eight hundred and forty-three (1,843) individuals were sampled, which added up to a total basal area of 36.45 m2, distributed in 37 botanical families, 63 genera and 92 species. The three species with the highest values of VI were Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand and Jacaranda puberula Cham. The variables that showed the higher correlation with the tree component structure and floristic composition were the pH, the plot highest declivity and the Mg content

Floristic composition and phytogeography of the tree component of Araucaria Forest fragments in southern Brazil

International audienceComposante essentielle de la vie contemporaine, le sport pénètre désormais l’ensemble des univers de la vie individuelle et collective. On le pratique en amateur, en professionnel, en spectateur, on en parle en famille, entre amis… Plus qu’une simple manifestation sociale ou économique, le sport est devenu un phénomène culturel majeur. D’où l’intérêt de ce premier Dictionnaire culturel du sport qui fait dialoguer les disciplines, croiser les approches et les méthodes pour tenter de mieux cerner cet objet d’étude à part. Unique en son genre, il constitue un ouvrage de référence, de découverte et de réflexion, en phase avec la reconnaissance du sport comme élément culturel fondamental.- 300 entrées couvrant toute la sphère sportive : activités physiques, sportives et artistiques, institutions et compétitions, enjeux, idéologies et représentations- Des références bibliographiques permettant de prolonger la réflexion - Des renvois intelligent

FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO E RELAÇÃO COM VARIÁVEIS AMBIENTAIS EM UM REMANESCENTE FLORESTAL EM CAMPOS NOVOS - SC

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821089In order to identify the floristic and structure patterns of the tree component and to determine the environmental variables that influence these patterns in a sector of montane Araucaria Forest remnant, 50 plots of 10 × 20 m were allocated, using systematic sampling, 30m apart from each other, in Campos Novos, SC. Within the plots, all living trees with cbh (circumference at breast height) ≥ 15,7 cm were identified and measured (cbh and total height). Environmental data related to chemical and physical properties of soils and topography were also collected from each sampled plot. To describe the tree vegetation richness, diversity and structure, were obtained the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), the Pielou evenness index (J') and the phytosociological estimates. The floristic and structural organization of the fragment was analyzed through a NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling). The environmental variables were fitted a posteriori in the produced ordination, being those significant (p < 0.05) plotted as vectors. A total 1.027 individuals were sampled, which represented a basal area of 43.57 m2, distributed in 88 species and 41 families. The diversity of the fragment studied was relatively high (H'=3.59) with low dominance (J'=0.80). The specie with higher VI was Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (14.44%). The NMDS indicated a floristic-structural gradient related to the mean elevation (altitude), soil base saturation, soil pH and P soil content.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821089O presente estudo objetivou conhecer os padrões da composição florística e estrutural do componente arbóreo de um trecho de remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana em Campos Novos - SC e determinar as variáveis ambientais que influenciam estes padrões. Para isso, foi amostrado 1 ha de floresta por meio de 50 parcelas de 10 × 20 m dispostas de forma sistemática, distanciada 30 m entre si, no remanescente florestal. Dentro das parcelas foram identificados e mensurados (circunferência medida a altura do peito, CAP, e altura total) de todos os indivíduos arbóreos vivos com CAP ≥ 15,7 cm. Os dados ambientais relacionados às propriedades químicas e físicas dos solos e à topografia também foram coletados em cada parcela. Foram calculados o índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’), a equabilidade de Pielou (J’) e os estimadores fitossociológicos. A organização florístico-estrutural do fragmento foi analisada por meio de uma NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scalling). As variáveis ambientais foram ajustadas a posteriori a ordenação produzida, sendo aquelas significativas (p<0,05) plotadas na forma de vetores. Foram amostrados 1.027 indivíduos, que totalizaram uma área basal de 43,57 m2, distribuídos em 88 espécies e 41 famílias botânicas. A diversidade do remanescente estudado foi relativamente alta (H’=3,59) e a dominância baixa (J’=0,80). A espécie de maior VI foi Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (14,44%). A análise multivariada NMDS indicou um gradiente florístico-estrutural relacionado à cota média (altitude), saturação de bases, pH e teores de P nos solos

FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURE OF THE TREE COMPONENT AND RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN A FOREST REMNANT IN CAMPOS NOVOS - SC

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer os padr\uf5es da composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica e estrutural do componente arb\uf3reo de um trecho de remanescente de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Mista Montana em Campos Novos - SC e determinar as vari\ue1veis ambientais que influenciam estes padr\uf5es. Para isso, foi amostrado 1 ha de floresta por meio de 50 parcelas de 10 7 20 m dispostas de forma sistem\ue1tica, distanciada 30 m entre si, no remanescente florestal. Dentro das parcelas foram identificados e mensurados (circunfer\ueancia medida a altura do peito, CAP, e altura total) CAP, e altura total) todos os indivi\u301duos arbo\u301reos vivos com CAP 65 15,7 cm. Os dados ambientais relacionados \ue0s propriedades qu\uedmicas e f\uedsicas dos solos e \ue0 topografia tamb\ue9m foram coletados em cada parcela. Foram calculados o \uedndice de Shannon-Wiener (H\u2019), a equabilidade de Pielou (J\u2019) e os estimadores fitossociol\uf3gicos. A organiza\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstico-estrutural do fragmento foi analisada por meio de uma NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scalling). As varia\u301veis ambientais foram ajustadas a posteriori \ue0 ordenac\u327a\u303 o produzida, sendo aquelas significativas (p < 0,05) plotadas na forma de vetores. Foram amostrados 1.027 indiv\uedduos, que totalizaram uma \ue1rea basal de 43,57 m2, distribu\ueddos em 88 esp\ue9cies e 41 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas. A diversidade do remanescente estudado foi relativamente alta (H\u2019=3,59) e a domin\ue2ncia baixa (J\u2019=0,80). A esp\ue9cie de maior VI foi Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (14,44%). A an\ue1lise multivariada NMDS indicou um gradiente flor\uedstico-estrutural relacionado \ue0 cota m\ue9dia (altitude), satura\ue7\ue3o de bases, pH e teores de P nos solos.In order to identify the floristic and structure patterns of the tree component and to determine the environmental variables that influence these patterns in a sector of montane Araucaria Forest remnant, 50 plots of 10 7 20 m were allocated, using systematic sampling, 30m apart from each other, in Campos Novos, SC. Within the plots, all living trees with cbh (circumference at breast height) 65 15,7 cm were identified and measured (cbh and total height). Environmental data related to chemical and physical properties of soils and topography were also collected from each sampled plot. To describe the tree vegetation richness, diversity and structure, the Shannon-Wiener index (H\u2019), the Pielou evenness index (J\u2019) and the phytosociological estimates were obtained. The floristic and structural organization of the fragment was analyzed through a NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling). The environmental variables were fitted a posteriori in the produced ordination, being those significant (p < 0.05) plotted as vectors. A total 1.027 individuals were sampled, which represented a basal area of 43.57 m2, distributed in 88 species and 41 families. The diversity of the fragment studied was relatively high (H\u2019=3.59) with low dominance (J\u2019=0.80). The specie with higher VI was Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (14.44%). The NMDS indicated a floristic-structural gradient related to the mean elevation (altitude), soil base saturation, soil pH and P soil content

Influência de variáveis ambientais sobre o padrão estrutural e florístico do componente arbóreo, em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana em Lages, SC

This study aimed to characterize the floristic composition and structure of the tree component of a montane Araucaria Forest fragment and to assess the influence of environmental variables on the patterns observed. The study area was located in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina state, close to the margin of the Caveiras River. The vegetation and the environmental variables (physical and chemical soils characteristics, relief and canopy cover) were surveyed within 50, 20 x 10m, permanent plots allocated systematically stratified in the forest fragment. All trees with circumference at breast height (CBH) ¿ 15,7 cm were measured (CBH and height) and identified. The importance values (IV) of the found species were calculated, the plots and species were ordinated by an analysis of NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling), according to the abundance of species, and the significant environmental variables plotted "a posteriori" in the ordination diagram. One thousand, eight hundred and forty-three (1,843) individuals were sampled, which added up to a total basal area of 36.45 m2, distributed in 37 botanical families, 63 genera and 92 species. The three species with the highest values of VI were Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand and Jacaranda puberula Cham. The variables that showed the higher correlation with the tree component structure and floristic composition were the pH, the plot highest declivity and the Mg content

Direct evidence for phosphorus limitation on Amazon forest productivity

The productivity of rainforests growing on highly weathered tropical soils is expected to be limited by phosphorus availability1. Yet, controlled fertilization experiments have been unable to demonstrate a dominant role for phosphorus in controlling tropical forest net primary productivity. Recent syntheses have demonstrated that responses to nitrogen addition are as large as to phosphorus2, and adaptations to low phosphorus availability appear to enable net primary productivity to be maintained across major soil phosphorus gradients3. Thus, the extent to which phosphorus availability limits tropical forest productivity is highly uncertain. The majority of the Amazonia, however, is characterized by soils that are more depleted in phosphorus than those in which most tropical fertilization experiments have taken place2. Thus, we established a phosphorus, nitrogen and base cation addition experiment in an old growth Amazon rainforest, with a low soil phosphorus content that is representative of approximately 60% of the Amazon basin. Here we show that net primary productivity increased exclusively with phosphorus addition. After 2 years, strong responses were observed in fine root (+29%) and canopy productivity (+19%), but not stem growth. The direct evidence of phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity suggests that phosphorus availability may restrict Amazon forest responses to CO2 fertilization4, with major implications for future carbon sequestration and forest resilience to climate change.The authors acknowledge funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), grant number NE/L007223/1. This is publication 850 in the technical series of the BDFFP. C.A.Q. acknowledges the grants from Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) CNPq/LBA 68/2013, CNPq/MCTI/FNDCT no. 18/2021 and his productivity grant. C.A.Q., H.F.V.C., F.D.S., I.A., L.F.L., E.O.M. and S.G. acknowledge the AmazonFACE programme for financial support in cooperation with Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the National Institute of Amazonian Research as part of the grants CAPES-INPA/88887.154643/2017-00 and 88881.154644/2017-01. T.F.D. acknowledges funds from FundacAo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de SAo Paulo (FAPESP), grant 2015/50488-5, and the Partnership for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) programme grant AID-OAA-A-11-00012. L.E.O.C.A. thanks CNPq (314416/2020-0)

Direct evidence for phosphorus limitation on Amazon forest productivity

The productivity of rainforests growing on highly weathered tropical soils is expected to be limited by phosphorus availability1. Yet, controlled fertilization experiments have been unable to demonstrate a dominant role for phosphorus in controlling tropical forest net primary productivity. Recent syntheses have demonstrated that responses to nitrogen addition are as large as to phosphorus2, and adaptations to low phosphorus availability appear to enable net primary productivity to be maintained across major soil phosphorus gradients3. Thus, the extent to which phosphorus availability limits tropical forest productivity is highly uncertain. The majority of the Amazonia, however, is characterized by soils that are more depleted in phosphorus than those in which most tropical fertilization experiments have taken place2. Thus, we established a phosphorus, nitrogen and base cation addition experiment in an old growth Amazon rainforest, with a low soil phosphorus content that is representative of approximately 60% of the Amazon basin. Here we show that net primary productivity increased exclusively with phosphorus addition. After 2 years, strong responses were observed in fine root (+29%) and canopy productivity (+19%), but not stem growth. The direct evidence of phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity suggests that phosphorus availability may restrict Amazon forest responses to CO2 fertilization4, with major implications for future carbon sequestration and forest resilience to climate change