Survey of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residues in the Corp of Apple (Red Delicious Variety) of Miyandoab’s Springhouses by Using HPLC-PDA

In this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampling method and then, after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the residues of Diazinon and chlorpirifos were measured. So that, the pesticides residues in apples that were washed with skin, without skin and, in peeled apples were measured 0.08, 0.31, 0.68 ppm for Diazinon and 0.24, 0.54, 0.98 ppm for Chlorpirifos, respectively. Comparison of the statistical results with global standards reveals that the residues of Diazinon in Apples with the skin, and the residues of Chlorpirifos in three modes: Unwashed with the skin, washed with the skin and peeled is more than global standards (Diazinon 0.5 ppm and Chlorpirifos 0.01 ppm) Therefore, it is required that the authorities and farmers of this region pay special attention to residues and the time of applying pesticides; thereby, they can prevent endangering health society

Identification of Heavy Metal Contents (Lead and Tin) in Refined, Unrefined and Beeswax Honeys in Zanjan Province.

Among environmental contaminants, heavy metals are the most dangerous pollutants. heavy metals are a major environmental impact. The purpose of present study was to identify Lead and Tin heavy metals in refined, unrefined and beeswax honey in Zanjan Province. In this study, 30 samples of honey were randomly collected from the honey supply at retails of Zanjan province. Determination of Lead and Tin concentrations were applied by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. According to the results, the highest concentrations of lead and tin were found (116 ppb and 221.27 ppm) in beeswax honey. The reason for the high levels of tin in honey wax is storage of honey in tinned cans. Moreover, the reason for the high contamination of lead in honey samples could be environmental contaminants caused by nearby factories in the region. Comparison of the average heavy metals honey by the standards of the WHO also indicates that lead and tin in all types of tested honey were less than the approved limit (220 ppb). Tin concentration in unrefined and refined honey was less than the standard limit; however, in beeswax honey, it was close to the standard (250 ppm). Besides, beeswax and tin had a remarkable effect on the amount of lead. It was concluded, honey at Zanjan province was wholesome based on Lead and Tin contaminants

Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Lycopene-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Purpose: Lycopene belongs to the carotenoids that shows good pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. However, as a result of very low aqueous solubility, it has a limited systemic absorption, following oral administration. Methods: Here, we prepared a stable lycopene-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using Precirol® ATO5, Compritol 888 ATO and myristic acid by hot homogenization method with some modification. The size and morphological characteristics of nanoparticles were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, zeta potential and dispersity index (DI) were measured using zeta sizer. In addition, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), drug loading (DL) and cumulative drug release were quantified. Results: The results showed that the size and DI of particles was generally smaller in the case of SLNs prepared with precirol when compared to SLNs prepared with compritol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyses showed spherical SLNs (125 ± 3.89 nm), monodispersed distribution, and zeta potential of −10.06 ± 0.08 mV. High EE (98.4 ± 0.5 %) and DL (44.8 ± 0.46 mg/g) were achieved in the case of nanoparticles prepared by precirol. The stability study of the lycopene-SLNs in aqueous medium (4 °C) was showed that after 2 months there is no significant differences seen in size and DI compared with the fresh formulation. Conclusion: Conclusively, in this investigation we prepared a stable lycopene-SLNs with good physicochemical characteristic which candidate it for the future in vivo trials in nutraceutical industries

Effect of Heracleum persicum (Golpar) essential oil on some microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics of heat treated Dough

Nowadays, many studies have been conducted to substitute the chemical preservatives with naturally occurring compounds, including plant essential oils. In this research, Golpar essential oil was added to Dough samples at concentrations of 0 (control), 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ml/l and after packaging, were stored at refrigerator for 40 days. The samples were subjected to microbial (enumeration of yeasts and molds, yoghurt starter bacteria and coliforms), chemical (acidity, pH, fat and solids-non-fat) as well as sensory characteristics (taste and odor) assays. Results showed that with the increasing of the essence concentration, the populations of yeast and mold were reduced (

Use of magnetic nanoparticles in an Ionic liquid (BMIM-PF6) based vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VSLLME) for measuring the traces amounts of cadmium in environmental, biological and nutritional samples

In the present project, the magnetic nanoparticles were used in a type of an ionic liquid based micro-extraction to measure trace amounts of cadmium in different real samples containing environmental water samples, saliva and human hair. In the optimum condition, the recovery percentages for the real sample were about 94.5% to 101.3%, showing the designed method is suitable to be used for analyzing the real environmental and biological samples. The main parameters were evaluated and optimized as follows: pH was 2.5, the volume of ionic liquid was 150 μl, the amount of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was 50mg, the volume of the complexing agent was 12 μl, and the vortex time was 1 min and 2 min for ionic liquid, and magnetic nanoparticle distribution steps, respectively. Also, the volume of the medium was 10 to 20 ml