Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending an outpatient clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital in Kenya

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has previously been associated with affluence, but currently its prevalence has been rising at an alarming rate in all populations worldwide. The reduced salivary secretions associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can predispose the children to dental caries and gingivitis.Objective of the study: To determine the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among a cohort of 3-18 year-old children diagnosed with T1DM attending Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) paediatric outpatient clinic.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study using a purposive sampling method.Setting: KNH paediatric outpatient clinic.Subjects: A total of 82 patients with T1DM and who attended the diabetic outpatient clinic at KNH during the months of January to May 2015 were studied. The diagnostic tests, duration since diagnosis of the disease and level of control of T1DM were obtained from the participants’ hospital records. An oral examination was undertaken under field conditions. Dental caries was determined using the WHO criteria 2005 and gingivitis scored using the gingival index by Loe and Silness 1963. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 computer software. Fisher’s exact test, Pearson’s Chi Square and regression models were used to test significant relationships (p<0.05) between the variables.Results: The mean age of the participants was 11.6 ±4.1 SD, with the duration of having T1DM ranging from one month to six years. Seventy-two percent of the children had poorly controlled T1DM. While the prevalence of dental caries among the children was 78% and for gingivitis was 100%, there were no statistically significant relationships between T1DM and dental caries (p>0.05) and gingivitis (p>0.05)Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was high, perhaps as a result of the high level of uncontrolled T1DM (72%) and the lack of oral health education among the patients in the study

Resource management for apple scab and sanjose scale control of apple in Kashmir Valley of J&K State

The study on resource management for apple scab and sanjose scale of apple in Kashmir Valley of J&K State was conducted purposively in Sopore and Patten tehsils of Baramulla district covering 4 villages with a sample size of 200 apple growers selected through random sampling method. The study revealed that all the apple growers (100%) from rainfed and irrigated areas were applying the resource management practices such as checking the expiry of chemical before purchase, undertake precautions while using chemicals and sprayers, purchaseeconomical and convenient packing’s of plant protection chemicals, check the working condition of the sprayers on regular basis, undertaking care and maintenance of sprayers regularly and were able to repair the minor defects of sprayers by self followed by (66%) apple growers who had decided to planed plant protection schedule in advance. The data further showed that hired labour for disease and pest management of apple were available easily and locally, and as per requirement (100%). As regards prevailing wage rates (88%) farmers from rainfed and (91%) from irrigated area reported that these were reasonable. Plant protection chemicals needed for control of disease and pest of apple were found adopted by cent per cent farmers. The plant protection chemicals were also available in suitable packings (97%) and before the expiry date (96%). The critical evaluation of the plant protection chemicals and equipments before their use with regard to their quality being taken care by all the apple growers would help in eradication of the disease from the region

Electrocatalytic Behavior of Levodopa at MultiWall Carbon Nanotubes and 4-((E)-(2-Methyl-4-Nitrophenylimino) Methyl) Benzene-1,2-Diol Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

This work describes a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by 4-((E)-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenylimino) methyl) benzene-1,2-diol (abbreviated as MBD) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as an electrochemical sensor for monitoring of levodopa (LD) concentration. Different electrochemical parameters of MBD were obtained at MWCNT-GCE by cyclic voltammetry. Also the electrocatalytic behavior of LD was investigated at the MBD-MWNT-GCE by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry. Using the electrocatalysis of LD V in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0 on this modified electrode it is possible to obtain a linear calibration curve from 5.0 10 – 7 to 9.0 10 – 4 M and a detection limit of 0.37 μM for LD by differential pulse voltammetry. The electrode was successfully applied for determination of LD in real sample. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3493

Performance of Governor System on Minimizing Frequency Fluctuations with Wind Power Generation

As wind turbine output is proportional to the cube of wind speed, the wind turbine generator output fluctuates due to wind speed variations. Hence, if the power capacity of wind power generators becomes large, wind power generator output can have an influence on the power system frequency. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of governor control systems of synchronous generators (SGs) for minimizing frequency fluctuations with high wind power penetration level, when a total capacity of SGs is considered as 100 MVA. It is seen that when both SGs operate as governor free (GF) operation, system perform better frequency control. But it can not be maintained to the acceptable level when SGs operate at GF-LFC or LFC-GF operation with wind power capacity about 5% of total capacity. Finally, it is seen that when several interconnected SGs are operated with different control modes, system frequency become more severe for 10% capacity of wind power.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i1.18

Tribological performance of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V via CVD-diamond coatings

In the present study, HFCVD nanocrystalline, microcrystalline and boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond coatings have been deposited on titanium alloy. The effect of boron doping on coefficient of friction and residual stresses of diamond coatings have been studied.Досліджено нанокристалічні, мікрокристалічні і леговані бором нанокристалічні алмазні покриття, нанесені на титановий сплав. Вивчено вплив легування бором на коефіцієнт тертя і залишкові напруги алмазних покриттів.Исследованы нанокристаллические, микрокристаллические и легированные бором нанокристаллические алмазные покрытия, нанесенные на титановый сплав. Изучено влияние легирования бором на коэффициент трения и остаточные напряжения алмазных покрытий

Petrographic Study of Sedimentary Iron Ore in Shendi-Atbara Basin,River Nile State, Sudan

This paper presents the results of petrographic study of sedimentary iron ore from surface strata of the Shendi-Atbara Basin, River Nile State, Sudan. The aims of this study are to investigate the geological behavior and geological conditions affecting precipitation of sedimentary iron ore. The methodologies have been used to realize the objectives of this study include field work, office work and laboratory work including thin sections and polished sections analysis. According to field observation sedimentary iron ore can broadly be considered as occurring in three major classes:Ferribands iron, ferricrete iron and oolitic iron ores. The modes of occurrence of iron ore were described at the outcrops and vertical sedimentary profiles revealed that the iron occurred in the study area at different types in stratigraphic sequence such as cap, bedded and interbedded conformable with Shendi Formation. Petrographic study of iron ore in collected samples using polarized microscope and ore microscope includes study of the textures and structures of ores to obtain ore history. The main types of textures and structures in studied samples are oolitic, granular, lamellar and bands.According to these results the origin of iron ore is formed by chemical precipitation during chemical weathering of surrounding areas in continental lacustrine environment. The iron ore in study area is potential for future mining works and steel industr