Complexes with N, S donor ligands: Part II-Nickel (II), copper (II), cobalt (II), iron (III) and palladium (II) complexes of 2, 4-bis(2'-mercaptophenylimino)- pentane and 2-(2-mercaptophenyl)imino-4-pentanone and their reactions with alkyl and aryl halides leading to the formation of macro cycles

952-955The in situ reactions of a mixture of 2, 4-pentanedione and 2-aminobenzenethiol with Ni(II) and Pd(II) salts yield complexes of the type [M2(MPIP)2] where H2MPIP is the schiff base 2-(2-mercaptophenyl)imino- 4-pentanone obtained by condensation of one molecule of the ketone with one molecule of the amine, On the other hand, similar reactions with Co(II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) salts give the complexes [Co(PDMPI), [Fe(PDMPI) CI] and [Cu2(PDMPI)CI2] where H2PDMPI is the schiff base obtained by the condensation of two molecules of the amine with one molecule of the ketone. [Fe(pDMPI)Cl] smoothly reacts with bifunctional alkylating agents like 1, 2-dibromoethane and α, α'-dibromo-o-xylene to form the macrocyclic complexes of {S, S'-ethylene-2, 4-bis(2'- ercaptophenylimino)pentane} iron(III), [Fe(EPDMPI)Cl]Br2 and {S, S'-o--xylyl-2, 4-bis(2' -mercaptophenylimino)pentane} iron (III), [Fe(XPDMPI)CI]Br2 respectively as a result of the alkylation of the two coordinated mercaptide groups of the complex

Complexes of hexadentate NSO donor ligands - III. Nickel(II) complexes of 1,3-di(o-salicylaldiminophenylthio)propane and 1,2-di(o-salicylaldiminophenylthio)xylene

Nickel(II) complexes of the hexadentate N2S2O2 donor ligands, 1,3-di(o-salicylaldiminophenylthio)propane (H(2)DSALPTP) and 1,2-di(o-salicylaldiminophenylthio)xylene (H(2)DSALPTX) have been synthesised and characterised. H(2)DSALPTP reacted with NiCl2.6H(2)O or Ni(ClO4)(2).6H(2)O in presence of ammonia to give the complex [Ni(DSALPTP)] (1). H(2)DSALPTX reacted smoothly with N(ClO4)(2) to yield the corresponding complex [Ni(DSALPTX)] (2). The ligand did not react with NiCl2 in the absence of ammonia but in its presence produced the complex (2). The molecular and crystal structure;of [Ni(DSAL PTX)] exhibits a very unusual deployment of the six donor sites of the ligand. It crystallises in the orthorhombic system with space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). In dichloromethane solution both the complexes are found to exhibit Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox couples in their cyclic voltammograms at room temperature with E-1/2 values 0.87 and 0.78 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

The COVID-19 pandemic and cannabis use in Canada―a scoping review

Abstract Background Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the cannabis industry has adapted to public health emergency orders which had direct and indirect consequences on cannabis consumption. The objective of this scoping review was to describe the patterns of consumption and cannabis-related health and safety considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Methods For this scoping review, we searched four electronic databases supplemented with grey literature. Peer-reviewed or pre-print studies using any study design and grey literature reporting real-world data were included if published in English between March 2020 and September 2021 and focused on cannabis and COVID-19 in Canada. A content analysis was performed. Results Twenty-one studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study designs included cross-sectional surveys (n = 17), ecological study (n = 1), conceptual paper (n = 1), longitudinal study (n = 1), and prospective cohort study (n = 1). Most were conducted solely in Canada (n = 18), and the remaining included global data. Our content analysis suggested that cannabis consumption during the pandemic varied by reasons for use, consumers’ age, gender, and method of consumption. Health and safety impacts due to the COVID-19 pandemics included increased mental illness, increased emergency visits, and psychosocial impacts. Discussion This scoping review suggested that the impact of the pandemic on cannabis consumption in Canada is more complex than simplistic assumptions of an increase or decrease in consumption and continues to be difficult to measure. This study has explored some of those complexities in relation to reasons for use, age, gender, method of consumption, and health impacts. This scoping review is limited by focusing on the breadth compared to depth. Conclusions Legalizing nonmedical use of cannabis in Canada in 2018 has had its challenges of implementation, one of which has been the changing context of the society. The findings of this study can help inform cannabis policy updates in Canada as the country is reaching its fifth year of legalizing nonmedical use of cannabis

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Not AvailableSoil salinity poses a threat to the sustainable management of agricultural landscapes and has an effect on soil carbon storage. This study investigated land use-land cover (LULC) relations with soil organic carbon (C) in a salinity-infested landscape with inter-spun vegetated and non-vegetated land area. A sodicity infested command area (~100 ha) along Sharda Sahayak canal in Uttar Pradesh, India was selected for studying LULC effects on soil organic carbon (C) and soil properties to 60 cm soil depth. The area was divided in a grid of 100m×100 m, and soils were sampled and analyzed at 140 geo-referenced points representing five LULC classes. The LULC dominant in the representative area were barren-coverless (BC), barren-grass cover (BG), rice-fallow (RF), rice-wheat (RW), and rice-okra-mentha (ROM). Soil organic C decreased with depth, decreased with increase in soil pH, and decreased with an increase in exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The effects were highly significant in surface layers (0–0.3 m). Similarly with electrical conductivity (EC) too, soil organic C had a negative correlation. Soil organic C varied significantly with LULC. The soil organic C content decreased in the order: ROM > RW > RF > BG > BC. As the intensity of crop/plant cover increased, the soil salinity (ESP, pH and EC) decreased. The average soil ESP was maximum in BC (44%) followed by BG (30%), RF (15%), RW (8.5%), and ROM (7.0%). The cumulative probability trends indicated the probability of lesser ESP with increased vegetative cover/primary productivity. A strong (p < 0.001), a negative relationship was observed between soil organic C and pH in rice-based systems. Analysis of soil organic C stock with depth for the studied LULCs indicated 4–70% (grass cover to rice-wheat cropping sequence) increase in total soil organic C stock just by supporting vegetative cover on barren sodic land. The study was indicative of scope for soil C sequestration and reclamative effects in salt-affected areas of Indo-Gangetic region by adopting appropriate land use strategies, which may include the adoption of rice-based and grass-based cropping systems, to check the development of sodicity in soils.Not Availabl

Molecular mapping of QTLs for plant type and earliness traits in pigeonpea (<it>Cajanus cajan</it> L. Millsp.)

Abstract Background Pigeonpea is an important grain legume of the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropical regions where it plays a crucial role in the food and nutritional security of the people. The average productivity of pigeonpea has remained very low and stagnant for over five decades due to lack of genomic information and intensive breeding efforts. Previous SSR-based linkage maps of pigeonpea used inter-specific crosses due to low inter-varietal polymorphism. Here our aim was to construct a high density intra-specific linkage map using genic-SNP markers for mapping of major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for key agronomic traits, including plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods, days to flowering and days to maturity in pigeonpea. Results A population of 186 F2:3 lines derived from an intra-specific cross between inbred lines ‘Pusa Dwarf’ and ‘HDM04-1’ was used to construct a dense molecular linkage map of 296 genic SNP and SSR markers covering a total adjusted map length of 1520.22 cM for the 11 chromosomes of the pigeonpea genome. This is the first dense intra-specific linkage map of pigeonpea with the highest genome length coverage. Phenotypic data from the F2:3 families were used to identify thirteen QTLs for the six agronomic traits. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the individual QTLs ranged from 3.18% to 51.4%. Ten of these QTLs were clustered in just two genomic regions, indicating pleiotropic effects or close genetic linkage. In addition to the main effects, significant epistatic interaction effects were detected between the QTLs for number of pods per plant. Conclusions A large amount of information on transcript sequences, SSR markers and draft genome sequence is now available for pigeonpea. However, there is need to develop high density linkage maps and identify genes/QTLs for important agronomic traits for practical breeding applications. This is the first report on identification of QTLs for plant type and maturity traits in pigeonpea. The QTLs identified in this study provide a strong foundation for further validation and fine mapping for utilization in the pigeonpea improvement.</p

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically