Prevalence of Myopia in children up to 16 years observed in tertiary care eye centre of central India

Introduction: Myopia is most common cause of childhood visual disability. In large population it remains undiagnosed. High myopia can be associated with major ophthalmic diseases such as myopic retinopathy and exudative myopic macular degeneration, myopic glaucomatous optic neuropathy and rhegmatogeneous retinal detachment. Methods: Study was conducted in Regional Institute Of Ophthalmology in central India. Children up to age of 16 years included with special emphasis on observing type and amount of myopia and it’s clinical presentation. After mydriasis eyes were examined by retinoscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: Prevelance of childhood myopia in hospital based study was 16.5 % with male to female ratio 53:47. Most of the children were belonging to urban area(63.61%). Headache was most common complain for hospital visit. Most common age group affected was 7-12 and 13-16 years. In 18.53% of patients family history was present. Conclusion: Due to high magnitude of uncorrected Myopia it appears to be a public health problem both in urban and rural areas. An uncorrected refractive error leads to learning difficulties and reduced performances in school, ultimately affecting the psycho-social development of the child. For prevention Large-scale visual acuity screening programs must be launched to detect low vision due to myopia early and an annual check up to update the spectacle prescriptions

Association of Asthenopia and Convergence Insufficiency in Children with Refractive Error- A hospital based study

Introduction: It is estimated that about 14% of people in India with visual impairment are suffering from refractive errors. The prevalence of childhood blindness in India is 0.17% and refractive errors alone are the major treatable cause (33.3%) of the blindness. Assessment of Visual acuity should not be the only criteria for detection of ametropia, as children have strong accomodation. Thus it is emphasizing the importance of refraction testing under cycloplegic drugs. Convergence insufficiency is prevalent in about 7.5% of population. Purpose: To study the association of asthenopia and convergence insufficiency with refractive error in children. Methods: 2130 ametropic children up to 16 yrs were screened for asthenopia and convergence insufficiency. Result: Ametropia was found in 40.24% of children .Myopia was prevalent in 47.41% children. Hypermetropia was detected in 15.49% children. Convergence insufficiency was observed in 34.14% of children and asthenopia was found in 82.19% ametropic children. Conclusion: The study reveals that, asthenopia and convergence insufficiency are found to be the most common ocular conditions associated with ametropia

New visualization agents to reveal the hidden secrets of latent fingerprints

Abstract Background Forensic scientists have exposed number of ways for recovering usable finger marks that divulge the identity of the person involved or linked to the felony. Numerous incremental progresses were made over decades by introducing different powder formulations for development of latent fingerprints which overcome the use of chemicals which are toxic and pose potential health jeopardies. Result In the present study, a less expensive, simple and easily accessible household materials such as cumin, Coriander powder, coriander, turmeric, black pepper, etc. have been used to disclose the mysteries of latent fingerprints on an aluminum foil by dusting method which gives good results. The best results were shown by limestone and Fuller’s earth. Conclusions Our original study has come up with more of such novel and innovative dusting powders that has shown momentous outcomes with the metal substrate. This type of work has not been reported previously and can provide beneficial information to the sleuths in cases of dearth or non-availability of orthodox fingerprint development powders and chemicals

Tazemetostat in advanced epithelioid sarcoma with loss of INI1/SMARCB1: an international, open-label, phase 2 basket study

BACKGROUND: Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma subtype. Over 90% of tumours have lost INI1 expression, leading to oncogenic dependence on the transcriptional repressor EZH2. In this study, we report the clinical activity and safety of tazemetostat, an oral selective EZH2 inhibitor, in patients with epithelioid sarcoma. METHODS: In this open-label, phase 2 basket study, patients were enrolled from 32 hospitals and clinics in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Taiwan, the USA, and the UK into seven cohorts of patients with different INI1-negative solid tumours or synovial sarcoma. Patients eligible for the epithelioid sarcoma cohort (cohort 5) were aged 16 years or older with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic epithelioid sarcoma; documented loss of INI1 expression by immunohistochemical analysis or biallelic SMARCB1 (the gene that encodes INI1) alterations, or both; and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0-2. Patients received 800 mg tazemetostat orally twice per day in continuous 28-day cycles until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate measured according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Secondary endpoints were duration of response, disease control rate at 32 weeks, progression-free survival, overall survival, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses (primary results reported elsewhere). Time to response was also assessed as an exploratory endpoint. Activity and safety were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population (ie, patients who received one or more doses of tazemetostat). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02601950, and is ongoing. FINDINGS: Between Dec 22, 2015, and July 7, 2017, 62 patients with epithelioid sarcoma were enrolled in the study and deemed eligible for inclusion in this cohort. All 62 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Nine (15% [95% CI 7-26]) of 62 patients had an objective response at data cutoff (Sept 17, 2018). At a median follow-up of 13·8 months (IQR 7·8-19·0), median duration of response was not reached (95% CI 9·2-not estimable). 16 (26% [95% CI 16-39]) patients had disease control at 32 weeks. Median time to response was 3·9 months (IQR 1·9-7·4). Median progression-free survival was 5·5 months (95% CI 3·4-5·9), and median overall survival was 19·0 months (11·0-not estimable). Grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events included anaemia (four [6%]) and weight loss (two [3%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in two patients (one seizure and one haemoptysis). There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION: Tazemetostat was well tolerated and showed clinical activity in this cohort of patients with advanced epithelioid sarcoma characterised by loss of INI1/SMARCB1. Tazemetostat has the potential to improve outcomes in patients with advanced epithelioid sarcoma. A phase 1b/3 trial of tazemetostat plus doxorubicin in the front-line setting is currently underway (NCT04204941). FUNDING: Epizyme.status: publishe