Sharp flat plate heat transfer in helium at Mach numbers of 22.8 to 86.8 and in corner flow with air at Mach number of 19

Surface heat transfer rates were measured on a sharp flat plate at zero angle of attack in a hypersonic shock tunnel. The density and leading edge Knudsen number were varied to span the continuum to near free molecule regimes. The strong interaction parameter varied from 11 to 16,000 with Knudsen numbers from 0.56 to 17.1 respectively. Local heat transfer rates in the corner flow region produced by the intersection of two perpendicular flat plates with sharp leading edges were determined for various flow densities. The strength of the shock wave from the vertical plate was varied by adjusting the angle of attack from 0 to 5 deg. The unit Reynolds number varied from 1,000 to 17,200 and the Knudsen numbers from 1.6 to 27. The strong interaction parameter varied from 14 to 500

A Legal Analysis: The Transgender Bathroom Debate

This article examines the current legal battles over transgender bathroom, locker room, and employment rights. In the recent years, there has been a major uproar surrounding the rights of transgender individuals; concurrently, our country is witnessing a shift in the ways in which individuals understand their gender outside of the binary male and female classification. While the word transgender can serve as an “umbrella term encompassing a wide array of identifies,” transgender rights have steadily grown across numerous areas (Buck, 2016, p. 465). However, there have been contentious legal issues that have put transgender individuals rights in the spotlight. The author examines Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Fourteenth Amendment. Additionally, the sociocultural risk factors, mental health issues, and medical concerns that transgender individuals face are examined. An ethical analysis is conducted to better understand the ethical quagmire of bathroom, locker room, and employment discrimination for transgender individuals. Lastly, four legal cases are expounded upon: Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989), Johnston v. University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education (2015), G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board (2016), and Whitaker v. Kenosha Unified School District (2017). While enormous progress has been made, transgender people continue to traverse many complex systems in order to navigate everyday life. As we witness evolving social and legal strides for transgender individuals, further legislation involving transgender rights is warranted. Implications for social work practice is discussed

A software assistant for manual stereo photometrology

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of Science in Engineering.A software package was written under the X Window System, Version 11, to assist in manual stereopsis of multiple views. The package enables multiple high resolution (2000 by 1500 pixels and higher) black and white photographs to be viewed simultaneously. Images have adjustable zoom windows which can be manipulated with the pointing device. The zoom windows enlarge to many times the resolution of the image enabling sub-pixel measurements to be extrapolated by the operator. A user-friendly interface allows for fast pinhole camera calibration (from known 3D calibration points) and enables three dimensional lines, circles, grids, cylinders and planes to be fitted to markers specified by the user. These geometric objects are automatically rendered in 3D for comparison with the images. The camera calibration is performed using an iterative optimisation algorithm which also tries multiple combinations of omitted calibration points. This allows for some fault tolerance of the algorithm with respect to erroneous calibration points. Vector mathematics for the geometrical fits is derived. The calibration is shown to converge on a variety of photographs from actual plant surveys. In an artificial test on an array of constructed 3D coordinate markers, absolute accuracy was found to be 1 mm (standard deviation of the Euclidean error) for a distance of 2.5 meters from a standard 35 mm camera. This translates to an error of 1.6 pixels in the scanned views. Lens distortion was assumed to be negligible, except for aspect ratio distortion which was calibrated for. Finally. to demonstrate the efficacy of the package, a 3D model was reconstructed from ten photographs of a human face, taken from different angles.AC201

Seasonal isolation and genomic comparison of Discula destructiva, the causal agent of dogwood anthracnose, and an undescribed Discula species

Forty-three isolates of D. destructiva and 28 isolates of an undescribed Discula sp. were collected from flowering dogwoods (Cornus Florida) from 13 sites in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, andVirginia during 2000 and 2001. Discula destructiva and Discula sp. were identified using size and shape of conidia and presence of internal fat bodies.The fungi were differentiated into D. destructiva and Discula sp. using gallicacid medium. In the spring and summer, 13 more isolates ofZ). destructive were obtained than Discula species. However, the frequency of isolatingDiscula sp. was higher than has been reported in previous studies. In the fall, D. destructiva was isolated once, and in the winter neither fungus was isolated. The ability to isolate fungi was not associated with aspect,proximity to water, elevation, and diameter breast height.Genetic analysis was performed comparing DNA of 16 isolates of Discula sp. and two isolates of Z. destructiva. DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) used five octomer primers that revealed polymorphisms were more common among isolates of Discula sp. thanisolates of D. destructiva. Similarities in groups of Discula sp. isolates were mostly within the same site. These findings indicate that Discula sp. and D.illdestructiva are most likely not the same species but are related fungi in the same family

Open G2 Strings

We consider an open string version of the topological twist previously proposed for sigma-models with G2 target spaces. We determine the cohomology of open strings states and relate these to geometric deformations of calibrated submanifolds and to flat or anti-self-dual connections on such submanifolds. On associative three-cycles we show that the worldvolume theory is a gauge-fixed Chern-Simons theory coupled to normal deformations of the cycle. For coassociative four-cycles we find a functional that extremizes on anti-self-dual gauge fields. A brane wrapping the whole G2 induces a seven-dimensional associative Chern-Simons theory on the manifold. This theory has already been proposed by Donaldson and Thomas as the higher-dimensional generalization of real Chern-Simons theory. When the G2 manifold has the structure of a Calabi-Yau times a circle, these theories reduce to a combination of the open A-model on special Lagrangians and the open B+\bar{B}-model on holomorphic submanifolds. We also comment on possible applications of our results.Comment: 55 pages, no figure

Heat transfer on a flat plate in helium at Mach numbers 67.3 and 87.6 and in hypersonic corner flow with air at Mach number of 19

Hypersonic heat transfer rates on flat plates in helium and in corner flow region with ai