154 research outputs found
Democracy, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey
This book edited by Ahmet Kuru and Alfred Stepan provides an important contribution to the understanding of the nexus between democracy and democratization, religion and secularism in the context of Turkey, arguably the most stable Muslim-majority democracy in the greater Middle East. The volume features a select group of scholars and policy makers and is a product of two conferences held at Columbia University with the subsequent meetings and a thorough review and revision process. Among the contributors to the volume is Ergun Γzbudun, the head of the academic commission for the new constitutional draft, whose chapters problematize the conflict between the pluralist nature of the Turkish society and monolithic state as well as the dynamics of the legal constitutional developments in the country. Prominent Ottomanists Karen Barkey and ΕΓΌkrΓΌ HanioΔlu from Columbia and Princeton Universities, respectively, examine the origins of the state-sanctioned multiculturalism in the Ottoman lands and its applicability to the current milieu of the Turkish Republic as well as the origins of Kemalism. UΜmit Cizre, a leading specialist on the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF), in her essay argues that TAF is currently switching its emphasis from the top-down to a bottom-up tactical approach in order to secure its role in the society. In other words, TAF applies its efforts on mobilizing the civil society of the urban secular stratum of the Turkish population, which have enjoyed a privileged modern lifestyle, rather than relying on state institutions. Joost Lagendijk, formerly a Dutch Green Left member of the European Parliament, head of the Delegation of the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee and currently a columnist for a Turkish daily, examines the progress of the Turkish accession to the European Union and, especially, the benefits and challenges that this process has faced during the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Stathis Kalyvas, a prominent political scientist and expert on Christian Democratic parties claims that the process of political Islamists\u27 moderation in Turkey is not a unique experience. Rather, it is a continuation of a broader process of democratic inclusion of, and expansion toward, those factions of the society who initially oppose democratic ideals, which had started in Western Europe in the mid-1800s
Characteristics of heat exchange in the region of injection into a supersonic high-temperature flow
An experimental investigation of the local heat transfer coefficient distribution during gas injection into the supersonic-flow portion of a Laval nozzle is discussed. The controlling dimensionless parameters of the investigated process are presented in terms of a generalized relation for the maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient in the nozzle cross section behind the injection hole. Data on the heat transfer coefficient variation along the nozzle length as a function of gas injection rate are also presented, along with the heat transfer coefficient distribution over a cross section of the nozzle
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅: ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
While the Muslim world has historically been no stranger to reform movements, it is currently seen as lacking dynamism associated with the reformist momentum. This question is especially critical in the wake of the βArab Springβ, which relatively quickly died out or turned into violent contestation. In relation to this important problem, in this paper, I purport to critically assess the following questions: What are the conditions for the rise of reform movements in the Islamic world? In what specific geographies such movements are more likely to appear? Is the legacy of theΒ jadidiΒ reformists of the Volga-Urals region and Central Asia (in the second half of the 19thΒ and first decades of the 20thΒ centuries) still alive among the general populace in the region? The purpose of this paper is to provide contours for the study of these questions, consisting of both theoretical frames and initial statistical data. After offering an outline for what can be considered as conditions for the rise of reform movements, I analyze individual-level survey data from the 6thΒ wave of World Values Survey. While in this study I do not claim to explain the rise or fall of existing or historical reform movements, my objective is to provide an exploratory and descriptive investigation for such potential in the Muslim-majority areas.Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΒ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΒ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΒ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΒ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Β«Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΒ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡΒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° Π²Β Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎ.Β Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ.Β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅? Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½Ρ? ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²-Π΄ΠΆΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎ-Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ (Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ XIX ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ
XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°) Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°? Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
.Β Π―Β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΒ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΒ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Β ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉΒ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ,Β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 6-ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.Β ΠΒ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Β Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Β ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ;Β ΠΌΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅Β ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
Give peace a chance: the origins of territorial autonomy arrangements in multiethnic states
This research explains the formation of territorial autonomy regimes,
arrangements enabling ethnic groups to express their distinct identity. The origins of
territorial autonomy arrangements is an important topic due to the great potential of such
institutions to prevent ethnic strife or reduce ongoing conflict. While the literature has
explored the consequences of autonomy regimes, its contribution to our understanding of
the origins of territorial autonomy is limited. In answering why territorial autonomy
regimes are adopted, I develop a theory that focuses on the bargaining strategies of
ethnic groups. Specifically, I posit that nonviolent bargaining strategies adopted by
ethnic groups influence national leadersβ decision-making processes. In this dissertation,
I also address the question of why ethnic groups employ peaceful, as opposed to violent,
tactics. Hypotheses derived from this theorization are tested using 197 ethnic groups in
95 states. In the empirical analysis I use data from 1945 to 2000 and employ the duration
model and the modified Heckman selection model as my primary statistical methods. To
trace the process of territorial autonomy formation I use a case study conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan in the Russian Federation. The results suggest that while groups
with access to easily extractable resources choose to employ violent strategies, ethnic
collectivities who use peaceful protest tactics are in fact more successful in obtaining
territorial autonomy arrangements from central governments
Application of Full-scale Experiments for Structural Study of High-rise Buildings
AbstractThe paper presents the application of full-scale-model experiments to develop software and design a device for determining the degree of reinforcement bar rusting in concrete elements of high-rise buildings. Operation of the designed device is based on the dependence of the electromagnetic field surrounding a ferromagnetic body on its geometrical parameters and reduction of electromagnetic properties of the ferromagnet by oxidation. To receive primary information about the electromagnetic field an original measuring device is used, which is a matrix of high-precision electromagnetic transducers. In order to determine their position in relation to the control object distance sensors are used. The measurement results are transmitted to a computer model that is adjusted so that the results of modeling the electromagnetic field at the locations of transducers agreed with the results of direct measurements. The required model parameters are the geometric dimensions of the reinforced bar.To raise the measuring device to the height of the building structure it is proposed to install it on a quadrotor
ISLAM, ISLAMISM, AND COLLECTIVE ACTION IN CENTRAL ASIA
To what extent does Islam help explain the dynamics of a participatory civil society in the post-Soviet Muslim-majority Central Asia? More specifically, to what extent does the variation in Islam (personal religiosity) and political Islam (support for Islamβs role in politics) help predict the propensity to engage in elite-challenging collective political actions, rooted in self-assertive social capital? Grounded in emancipative social capital theory, this article embarks on an individual-level quantitative analysis to systematically examine the variation in self-assertive collective action in four Central Asian republics. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the empirical nexus between general religiosity (Islam), Islamism (Political Islam), and elite-challenging collective actions and offers new clues on the empirical interactions between resurgent Islam and collective political participation in the post-Communist Muslim world
Day Plots of Bacterial Magnetite from Sediments of Shira Lake (Khakassia, Russia)
The domain state of magnetite detected in sediments of Shira lake (Khakassia, Russia) was examined by means of magnetic hysteresis. Analysis of experimental data obtained on samples from diο¬erent parts of bottom sediment cores in terms of Day plots allowed us to conclude that magnetite particles are in the pseudo-single-domain state. This indicates respectively small size of magnetite particles (< 100 nm) and reveals their bacterial origin. Biogenic magnetite buried in the bottom sediments can indicate the climatic changes in the Shira lake level in the Late Holocen
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