1,458 research outputs found
Reinterpreting the Meaning of the ā S ingapore Modelā: State Capitalism and Urban Planning
For city planners and policymakers in many parts of the world, Singapore has come to embody a model of efficient and growthāoriented urban development. Yet there has been very little research that goes beyond descriptive assessments of urban design and urban policy and understands the political economy that has produced the current system of planning in Singapore. This article explores the role of land acquisition and land management in Singapore's urban development. It argues that Singapore is best understood as a model of urban planning under state capitalism. Drawing largely on academic studies, reports of Singapore government agencies and governmentālinked corporations, and interviews the article analyzes the mechanisms through which the Singaporean state has used direct involvement in the commercial realāestate market as a powerful tool to gain access to revenue, achieve urban redevelopment objectives and exert powerful influence over the Singaporean society and economy. Through the commercial exploitation of state landholdings and through stakes in stateāowned and private enterprises, the Singaporean state has harnessed urban development to an agenda of political hegemony, nation building and economic development within a framework of globalization.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102246/1/ijur12095.pd
Reassessing the History of U.S. Hazardous Waste Disposal Policy - Problem Definition, Expert Knowledge and Agenda-Setting
The authors show that in the 1940\u27s technical consensus began to develop about the effects of land-based waste disposal on groundwater degradation. They go on to explain why this understanding was only slowly reflected in federal legislation
Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) Is Regulated by Reovirus Structural Proteins
AbstractReovirus Ļ3 is a virion outer shell protein that also binds dsRNA and stimulates translation by blocking activation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR. Purified Ļ3 was shown by gel shift assay to bind specifically to RNA duplexes of minimal length 32ā45 base pairs. PKR binding to dsRNA was prevented by Ļ3, and translation inhibition of luciferase reporter by PKR expression in transfected cells was reversed by Ļ3. Association of Ļ3 with its outer capsid partner Ī¼1/Ī¼1C eliminated dsRNA binding and prevented restoration of protein synthesis. Analyses of Ļ3 mutants demonstrated a direct correlation between dsRNA binding and reversal of the down-regulation of translation by PKR. In infected cells, Ļ3 was stable but dsRNA binding decreased, presumably due to Ī¼1/Ī¼1C complex formation. The results suggest a functional transition from early inhibition of PKR activation by Ļ3 to its association with Ī¼1/Ī¼1C in capsid structures
In-situ marginalisation : social impact of Chinese mega-projects
This study offers a detailed analysis of an underāresearched social problem of ināsitu marginalisation and its causes by drawing on the concept of state entrepreneurialism. Our empirical data stem from the Lingang mega project in Shanghai and one of its neighbourhoods named Neighbourhood No.57 where we find that the residents have not been relocated but are instead suffering from declining public services and environmental quality from surrounding industrial developments. The root cause of this problem is the municipal governmentās prioritisation of its strategic objectives of economic development over the livelihood of local residents. The strategic vision of the municipality has led to mass relocation in its early phases of development but in its later stages leaves many residents waiting for relocation whilst being gradually surrounded by industrial developments. Despite continued residential complaints and petitions, ināsitu marginalisation is not resolved due to the institutional arrangement of Lingang, which has centralised planning and financing powers to newly created projectāoriented state organisation. Social responsibilities have been relegated to lowerātiered governments in Lingang which have neither planning power nor the financial resources to resolve the problems of residents. By examining the case of Lingang, this paper provides a different analytical framework for explaining the social problems emerging from Chinaās mega urban developments
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