Accessing The Bioavailability Of Phytochemicals In Caco-2 Cell Model And Developing A Sensitive Method For The Detection And Quantification Of These Compounds

Numerous studies have found certain unmethylated phytochemicals to possess anti-carcinogenic activity; however, they have been associated with poor oral bioavailability which is a major limiting factor in their usage in chemopreventative treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate if methylation of a compound would affect bioavailability, in terms of transport and permeability, in a Caco-2 cell model as well as the effect of cell viability and cellular uptake in human colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, a new analytic method using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-EC) for the detection and quantification of resveratrol and pterostilbene was developed. This new method was simple, rapid, and more sensitive compared to other detection methods used to analyze resveratrol and pterostilbene. Linear range, limit of detection (LOD), precision and recovery were used to validate this new analytical method. There was a significant increase in intracellular uptake and stronger growth inhibitory of pterostilbene in human cancer cells lines in comparison to resveratrol. Resveratrol exhibited a higher and more rapid rate of transport than pterostilbene across the Caco-2 monolayer regardless of the concentration tested and direction. Pterostiblene exhibited little difference in the rate of transport from either direction. The HCT-116 colon cells had intracellular uptake of each of the polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) tested. Transport was observed by all the PMFs and each had different rates of transport. Overall, location and amount of methyl groups had an effect on bioavailablity of a compound and these compounds show promise as chemopreventative agents

On the Hypothetical State of Nature of Hobbes and Kant; Same Premises, Different Conclusions

Although there are stable and settled strains and classifications of social contract theorists, mainly contractualist – contractarianists, hypothetical – historical, and modern – contemporary, these classifications are not always specific and distinct. In fact, the same philosopher can be listed in more than one category, depending on different evaluations and perspectives. At times, the names of the thinkers on the list of any category can be very fluid. Moreover, some philosophers, because of the sharp distinction between them, are rarely mentioned together in one list or category, as is the case of Hobbes and Kant. In this paper, I will argue that Hobbes and Kant, with all their distinctions and differences, can be listed in the hypothetical agreement list, if we consider their “state of nature” as the starting point. From this perspective, I will argue that they exhibit less diversity than is usually acknowledged

Teaching World Communities as Cultural Translation: A Third Grade Unit of Study

This article bridges scholarship in global education with ele-mentary classroom teaching by presenting a series of lessons that challenge the idea of national culture as fixed and stable. The land we share is most certainly affected by its political borders, but it is also constructed out of the multiplicity of social relations that exist both within and on either side of a border. Yet very often, when teaching about another country, we tend to rely on misappropriated generalizations around food, holidays, and folktales that do not honor how culture moves, changes, and becomes translated by its unique and varied peoples

Justice in the Philosophy of Amartya Sen

The study aimed at addressing the issue of justice in the Philosophy of Amartya Sen, which specialized in the subject of justice, and was intended to solve several problems faced by man in his daily life. The study dealt with aspects of Amartya Sen's personality, then Amartya Sen's theory of justice, and then what transitional justice is, and the direction and concept of Amartya Sen through his theory of transitional justice. He has developed the capacity approach adopted by the Development Organization and several countries for the development of countries. The study recommended further studies on the theory of Amartya Sen to keep a close eye on its various creations. Keywords: Justice, Philosophy of Amartya Sen, Transitional justice DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-26-15 Publication date:September 30th 201

The Influence of Globally Oriented Teachers’ Positionalities in World History Classrooms

Globally oriented content and perspectives are urgently needed in United States secondary classrooms as the world continues to become more interconnected. U.S. secondary students are typically exposed to global topics in world history courses. There is limited research on the intersection of global education and world history, particularly within empirical studies concerning teachers’ positionalities and practice. This qualitative study explores this gap by asking: How do self-identified globally oriented world history teachers’ positionalities influence their curricular and pedagogical decisions? The sub-questions are: What identities, experiences, and surrounding social structures shape teachers’ understanding of themselves as global educators? Where/when/how do world history teachers position themselves within the knowledge, material, and teaching about the world? This study, utilizing interviews, elicitation tasks (concept mapping, identity card sort, global image ranking), and observations of teaching, investigated eight globally oriented New York City public school world history teachers. Findings suggest reconceptualizing teacher positionalities to include worldviews and place-based experiences abroad in addition to identities, subjectivities, and contexts. These intertwining aspects of world history teachers’ positionalities influenced their practice to teach with a global orientation in a world history classroom. Four worldviews were significant in how these teachers framed the world for themselves and their students: interconnectedness, justice-orientations, cosmopolitanism, and critical perspectives. Place-based experiences abroad were significant aspects to their positionalities in that they gained content knowledge of the place while confronting their social positions and privileges. These engagements contributed to the ways in which they approached their knowledge construction of the world in their approaches to curriculum and teaching. I suggest these aspects of teacher positionalities be integrated into future research in global education and social studies teacher education programs

Molecular heterogeneity in pediatric malignant rhabdoid tumors in patients with multi-organ involvement

Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) of the brain (atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; AT/RT) and extracranial sites (most often the kidney; RTK) are malignant tumors predominantly occurring in children, frequently those wit

Molecular classification of a complex structural rearrangement of the RB1 locus in an infant with sporadic, isolated, intracranial, sellar region retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a childhood cancer of the retina involving germline or somatic alterations of the RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1 gene, RB1. Rare cases of sellar-suprasellar region retinoblastoma without evidence of ocular or pineal tumors have been described. A nine-month-old male presented with a sellar-suprasellar region mass. Histopathology showed an embryonal tumor with focal Flexner-Wintersteiner-like rosettes and loss of retinoblastoma protein (RB1) expression by immunohistochemistry. DNA array-based methylation profiling confidently classified the tumor as pineoblastoma group A/intracranial retinoblastoma. The patient was subsequently enrolled on an institutional translational cancer research protocol and underwent comprehensive molecular profiling, including paired tumor/normal exome and genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing of the tumor. Additionally, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing was performed from comparator normal and disease-involved tissue to resolve complex structural variations. RNA-sequencing revealed multiple fusions clustered within 13q14.1-q21.3, including a novel in-frame fusion of RB1-SIAH3 predicted to prematurely truncate the RB1 protein. SMRT sequencing revealed a complex structural rearrangement spanning 13q14.11-q31.3, including two somatic structural variants within intron 17 of RB1. These events corresponded to the RB1-SIAH3 fusion and a novel RB1 rearrangement expected to correlate with the complete absence of RB1 protein expression. Comprehensive molecular analysis, including DNA array-based methylation profiling and sequencing-based methodologies, were critical for classification and understanding the complex mechanism of RB1 inactivation in this diagnostically challenging tumor

Global Education in Neoliberal Times: A Comparative Case Study of Two Schools in New York

Preparing students to live in an interconnected world is of central importance in 21st century education. Neoliberal educational contexts, however, thwart efforts to implement more humanistic and critical versions of global education (GE). This comparative case study examines how teachers and administrators enact GE at two schools—one public, the other private—in the New York City metropolitan area. Findings demonstrate the constraints and possibilities of engaging GE in neoliberal educational contexts. Implications for GE scholars and practitioners include study of how wider contextual factors shape GE’s enactment in a neoliberal era

TECHNIQUES TO FACILITATE LEAD PRIORITIZATION FOR ONLINE LEAD GENERATION SYSTEMS

Lead generation is a very important aspect of business development and revenue generation for any company. For a higher number of deals to be closed, a lot of leads need to be generated. With a high volume of leads, it is impossible for a sales team to review each lead. Teams using a best-guess or first-come/first-served basis might not identify the best leads available. Similarly, using prior experience has the potential to cause important leads to be ignored. The number of features that can result in a favorable outcome for a given lead is large, complicated, and not deterministic, which, thus, introduces a problem that cannot be solved basic computational logic. Presented herein are techniques through which a number can be assigned to a lead using a machine learning (ML) algorithm that outputs a number that is directly proportional to probability of the lead being converted to a favorable outcome (e.g., sales, etc.). Such prioritization of leads can help a sales team converge on important leads first and not miss out on an opportunity to convert the leads. Further, by setting the ML algorithm in a continuous learning mode, the ML model will always be up-to date and can learn newer features. Feedback mechanisms can also be utilized (e.g., using a correlation of features with outputs) to further improve lead quality, thereby improving lead convergence

Steven Pinker’s Concept of Violence: between Nature and Culture

This paper shed a light on Harvard thinker and linguist Steven Pinker’s concept of violence. Although In recent years the problem of defining \u27violence\u27 has gained a growing number of interest among philosophers, politicians and sociologists, but they rarely define it.even though most of us believes that violence has intensified in recent years, Pinker argues that we are living in an unusually peaceful time. For him it is a matter of data and the way we looks at that data, as Pinker himself state, “If one bases one’s beliefs about the state of the world on what one reads in the news, one’s beliefs will be incorrect”. This is not because of a distort the truth, but It’s because of an interaction between the nature of news it’s about things that happen, particularly bad things—and the nature of human cognition. Steven Pinker’s thoughts about violence have established something akin to a contemporary orthodoxy. Part of his argument consists in showing that the past was more violent than we tend to imagine. This “civilizing process” has come about largely because of the increasing power of the state, which in the most advanced countries has secured a near-monopoly of force. Other causes of the decline in violence include the invention of printing, the empowerment of women, enhanced powers of reasoning and expanding capacities for empathy in modern populations, and the growing influence of Enlightenment ideal