729 research outputs found
Regional variations among ethnic groups in Ontario a core-periphery model
This thesis performs a spatial analysis of Ontario’s structure of ethnic stratification. It examines several spatial manifestations of the contrasts in socio-economic well-being—income, education, and occupation—between Ontario’s British majority and seven ethnic minority categories. The major data source for this analysis includes published Canadian Census data and special tabulations of the 1971 Census. Regional patterns of spatial distribution shown by the various ethnic categories are described and compared using location quotients and the centrographic statistical technique. Applying a core-periphery model of regional structure and development, a tendency was found for ethnic categories of subordinate socio-economic status to be disproportionately concentrated in Ontario’s geographic periphery of northern Ontario. On the other hand, ethnic minorities with a socio-economic status similar to that of the British majority were shown to be more spatially integrated within the Toronto-centred core of southern Ontario
Regional variations among ethnic groups in Ontario a core-periphery model
This thesis performs a spatial analysis of Ontario’s structure of ethnic stratification. It examines several spatial manifestations of the contrasts in socio-economic well-being—income, education, and occupation—between Ontario’s British majority and seven ethnic minority categories. The major data source for this analysis includes published Canadian Census data and special tabulations of the 1971 Census. Regional patterns of spatial distribution shown by the various ethnic categories are described and compared using location quotients and the centrographic statistical technique. Applying a core-periphery model of regional structure and development, a tendency was found for ethnic categories of subordinate socio-economic status to be disproportionately concentrated in Ontario’s geographic periphery of northern Ontario. On the other hand, ethnic minorities with a socio-economic status similar to that of the British majority were shown to be more spatially integrated within the Toronto-centred core of southern Ontario
Testing improved staggered fermions with and
We study the improvement of staggered fermions using hypercubically smeared
(HYP) links. We calculate the strange quark mass and the kaon B-parameter,
, in quenched QCD on a lattice at . We find
MeV and , where the first error is from
statistics and fitting, and the second from using one-loop matching factors.
The scale (GeV) is set by , and is determined using the
kaon mass. Comparing to quenched results obtained using unimproved staggered
fermions and other discretizations, we argue that the size of discretization
errors in is substantially reduced by improvement.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure, referee's comments are incorporate
Quenched Chiral Perturbation Theory for Vector Mesons
We develop quenched chiral perturbation theory for vector mesons made of
light quarks, in the limit where the vector meson masses are much larger than
the pion mass. We use this theory to extract the leading nonanalytic dependence
of the vector meson masses on the masses of the light quarks. By comparing with
analogous quantities computed in ordinary chiral perturbation theory, we
estimate the size of quenching effects, observing that in general they can be
quite large. This estimate is relevant to lattice simulations, where the
mass is often used to set the lattice spacing.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, uses REVTeX and epsf.st
Intelligent Flexible Materials for Space Structures: Expandable Habitat Engineering Development Unit
Expandable habitable elements are an enabling technology for human exploration in space and on planetary surfaces. Large geometries can be deployed from a small launch volume, allowing greater mission capability while reducing mass and improving robustness over traditional rigid shells. This report describes research performed by ILC Dover under the Intelligent Flexible Materials for Space Structures program on the design and manufacture of softgoods for LaRC's Expandable Habitat Engineering Development Unit (EDU). The EDU is a full-scale structural test article of an expandable hybrid habitat, integrating an expandable softgoods center section with two rigid end caps. The design of the bladder, restraint layer and a mock-up Thermal Micrometeoroid Cover is detailed together with the design of the interface hardware used to attach them to the end caps. The integration and design of two windows and a floor are also covered. Analysis was performed to study the effects of the open weave design, and to determine the correct webbing and fabric configuration. Stress analyses were also carried out on the interfaces between the softgoods and the end caps and windows. Testing experimentally determined the strength of the fabric and straps, and component testing was used to proof several critical parts of the design. This program established new manufacturing and design techniques that can be applied to future applications in expandable structures
Gasser-Leutwyler coefficients: A progress report
Last year, we reported our first results on the determination of
Gasser-Leutwyler coefficients using partially quenched lattice QCD with three
flavors of dynamical staggered quarks. We give an update on our progress in
determining two of these coefficients, including an exhaustive effort to
estimate all sources of systematic error. At this conference, we have heard
about algorithmic techniques to reduce staggered flavor symmetry breaking and a
method to incorporate staggered flavor breaking into the partially quenched
chiral Lagrangian. We comment on our plans to integrate these developments into
our ongoing program.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Lattice2002(spectrum
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Reservoir provides cool-water refuge for adult Chinook salmon in a trap-and-haul reintroduction program
Trap-and-haul is a mitigation strategy at many hydropower dams lacking upstream fish passage facilities, and protocols are needed to maximize its effectiveness. We used biotelemetry to assess the potential benefits of releasing transported adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into a cold-water reservoir versus a relatively warm-water tributary before spawning. Warm river temperatures in the study region have been linked to high prespawn mortality in Chinook salmon, and so reservoirs provides a potential thermal refuge where salmon can select preferred water temperatures to regulate maturation processes and reduce disease risks. Over five years, we released 160 salmon into Foster Reservoir (Oregon, USA) and another 102 into the South Santiam River near historic salmon spawning areas further upstream. In total, 70% of reservoir-released salmon entered an upriver tributary after spending a median of 3-95 d annually in the reservoir. Data recovered from 61 archival temperature loggers indicated that salmon were ~3-6 °C cooler per day in the reservoir than in the river. We estimated that cumulative exposure of reservoir-released fish was reduced by 64 degree days (DD), on average (range = -129 to 392 DD), relative to river-released fish. The results demonstrate that adult trap and transport to reservoirs may reduce thermal exposure for some temperature-sensitive populations, and therefore may be an effective strategy to help reduce prespawn mortality. However, reservoir releases were not risk-free: 14% of all reservoir-released fish fell back downstream past the dam versus 1% of river-released fish; the fallback may have been related to homing behaviors, but natal origins were unknown for all fish. We conclude that reduced transport distance, reduced thermal exposure, and potential survival benefits of releasing salmon into reservoirs should be weighed against fallback risks
Best-Practice Criteria for Practical Security of Self-Differencing Avalanche Photodiode Detectors in Quantum Key Distribution
Fast-gated avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the most commonly used single photon detectors for high-bit-rate quantum key distribution (QKD). Their robustness against external attacks is crucial to the overall security of a QKD system, or even an entire QKD network. We investigate the behavior of a gigahertz-gated, self-differencing (In,Ga)As APD under strong illumination, a tactic Eve often uses to bring detectors under her control. Our experiment and modeling reveal that the negative feedback by the photocurrent safeguards the detector from being blinded through reducing its avalanche probability and/or strengthening the capacitive response. Based on this finding, we propose a set of best-practice criteria for designing and operating fast-gated APD detectors to ensure their practical security in QKD
Challenges in molecular testing in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with advanced disease
Lung cancer diagnostics have progressed greatly in the previous decade. Development of molecular testing to identify an increasing number of potentially clinically actionable genetic variants, using smaller samples obtained via minimally invasive techniques, is a huge challenge. Tumour heterogeneity and cancer evolution in response to therapy means that repeat biopsies or circulating biomarkers are likely to be increasingly useful to adapt treatment as resistance develops. We highlight some of the current challenges faced in clinical practice for molecular testing of EGFR, ALK, and new biomarkers such as PDL1. Implementation of next generation sequencing platforms for molecular diagnostics in non-small-cell lung cancer is increasingly common, allowing testing of multiple genetic variants from a single sample. The use of next generation sequencing to recruit for molecularly stratified clinical trials is discussed in the context of the UK Stratified Medicine Programme and The UK National Lung Matrix Trial
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