System Integration & Programming of EHD 3D printer

This project is the base for Electro Hydro Dynamics (EHD) & Air Focusing Flow (AFF) 3D printer. Electro Hydo Dynamics (EHD) is the study of dynamics of electrically charged fluids and motions of ionized particles or molecules and their interactions with electric fields and the surrounding fluid. In order to study and work on EHD, this is the first phase. Before going to 3D printing or Manufacturing of the components, it's better to test the machine and evaluate its performance in a virtual environment. First, we took food printer and converted into a simple 3D printer. Then we took a high precision Semprex KL-series table to work on the EHD. With our project outlined, we had to choose a design, source the parts, build the printer, and get the printer to work with NI's software and hardware which has not yet been done before. The nozzle and base both are not stationary. The base lies on the XY-axis while the nozzle is fixed on the Z-axis. The LabVIEW has to be designed so that it can integrate MACH3 as well as Slicer with an integration of temperature and pressure control. For this project we are using NI LabVIEW 2016, which is the latest version.M.S., Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics -- Drexel University, 201

Discussion on the consequences of chickpea wilt and management through induced resistance

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a crucial source of dietary protein and accounts for 18% of global legume production. However, the crop faces a variety of biotic and abiotic constraints, with fusarium wilt being the most common soil-borne disease. This disease poses a significant threat to chickpeas, leading to yield losses of up to 80% worldwide. Fusarium wilt pathogens exhibit host specificity and characteristic symptoms in mature plants include brown to black discoloration of the xylem vessels, wilting, and leaf burning caused by phytotoxins produced by the pathogen. To combat this fungal disease, several cultural, biological, and chemical methods have been extensively employed. While chemical control methods have proven to be highly effective and widely adopted by growers, they come with several adverse consequences for humans, the environment, soil, and water. Moreover, improper and excessive use of fungicides can lead to the development of resistance in plant pathogens. Thus, there is a pressing need for an environmentally friendly approach that promotes plant resistance. One such approach is induced resistance, which involves enabling plants to build their own resistance mechanisms. Induced resistance can take different forms, such as systemic acquired resistance based on the salicylic acid pathway, and induced systemic resistance based on the jasmonic acid pathway

Haemodynamic response to endotrachial intubation: direct versus video laryngoscopy

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is an integral part of general anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation involving conventional laryngoscopy produces a haemodynamic changes associated with increased heart and blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic changes that occur during and after endotracheal intubation with either a conventional (Macintosh) laryngoscope or a video laryngoscope in patients who are ASA grade I and II.Methods: After getting approval from ethics committee and consent form from each patients 120 patients with age between 18-65 years of ASA-I, II grade were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. Group A was underwent with tracheal intubation with the Macintosh blade (size 3 blade and size 4) and group B with AWS (Pentax) video laryngoscope. The time taken to perform endotracheal intubation and haemodynamic changes associated with intubation were noted in both the groups at different time points.Results: The duration of laryngoscopy and intubation was significantly longer in group B (video laryngoscopy) when compared to group A patients. However, haemodynamic changes did not showed any significant differences between the groups.Conclusions: Video laryngoscopy did not offer any advantages in terms of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients when compared with conventional ones

Treatment of Pseudo Class III Malocclusion with Multiple Loop Protraction Utility Arch

Pseudo Class III malocclusion has been characterized by an anterior crossbite in the presence of a forward mandibular displacement. There are various methods to correct pseudo Class III malocclusion, e.g., Inclined planes, reverse stainless steel crown, bonded composite resin slopes, tongue blade, the removable appliance with auxiliary springs, and maxillary lingual arch with finger springs. In this article, we are presenting a case of pseudo Class III malocclusion treated with multiple loop protraction utility arch. Patient had functional mandibular anterior deviation resulting into traumatic anterior cross bite and concave profile. We fabricated multiple loop arch wire (0.016”×0.022” blue elgiloy) which was activated at four 90° bends without disturbing other segments of the arch

Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in medical education: A pan-India cross-sectional observation of acceptance and understanding among students

Background/Aim: From accurate diagnostics to personalised treatment plans, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise healthcare. The abundance of medical data has led to AI being employed for accurate diagnoses, treatment protocols and patient care. Students' perception of AI integration in medical education is crucial for its successful implementation. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and understanding of AI integration among students in medical education across different regions of India through a cross-sectional observation. Methods: A pan-India survey was conducted among medical students between 1 August 2023 to 20 August 2023 with a pre-validated questionnaire covering AI awareness and understanding through Google Form, circulated via WhatsApp. Results: A total of 730 medical students completed the survey of which 58.6 % were males and 41.4 % were females. Most students (80.7 %) knew about AI, but 53.6 % had limited awareness of AI in medicine. Opinions on AI integration was diverse, with 46.8 % in favour. Workshops (45.2 %) and lectures (31.1 %) were preferred learning formats. Students were interested in various AI topics and expect AI to positively impact medicine (45.9 %). Radiology, surgery and general medicine were predicted to be most influenced by AI. Concerns about overreliance on AI (49.2 %) and lack of empathy (43.7 %) were highlighted. Conclusions: Medical students in India display a keen interest in AI and its integration into medical education. To fully harness AI's potential in healthcare, comprehensive AI curricula and faculty training are needed. Students are aware of the challenges and opportunities, emphasising the importance of balanced AI adoption in medical practice and education

Anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity: a study from Himalayan region

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the infection of global health concern. The management of TB is a 6-month course of anti-TB drugs. Compliance is crucial for curing TB. Adverse effects often affect the compliance negatively. One of the adverse effects affecting TB treatment outcome is anti-TB drug induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of anti-TB DIH and its associated factors among newly diagnosed TB patients.Methods: A single centre prospective study was conducted from January-December 2020. All patients who were newly-diagnosed for TB, started anti-TB medication and diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury during anti-tubercular treatment included in the study.Results: Total of four hundred and ninety-two (492) TB patients taking anti-TB drugs were involved in this study with male predominance and maximum in the age group of 30-45 years. Smear-positive pulmonary TB accounted for 66.9% of all cases. During the study period, 9.3% TB patients developed anti-TB DIH. Among the cases of anti-TB DIH, female patients account for 52%. Patients with extra-pulmonary TB (n=23), low BMI (n=16), alcohol consumption (n=21) had developed anti-TB DIH. The time interval from the initiation of treatment to the onset of hepatotoxicity was 16-45 days.Conclusion: The chances of hepatotoxicity among TB patients taking anti-TB drugs are always there. Thus, it is necessary to monitor liver function in patients receiving anti-TB drugs routinely

A Review on ϕ

The main aim of the relativistic heavy-ion experiment is to create extremely hot and dense matter and study the QCD phase structure. With this motivation, experimental program started in the early 1990s at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) followed by Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven and recently at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. These experiments allowed us to study the QCD matter from center-of-mass energies (sNN) 4.75 GeV to 2.76 TeV. The ϕ meson, due to its unique properties, is considered as a good probe to study the QCD matter created in relativistic collisions. In this paper we present a review on the measurements of ϕ meson production in heavy-ion experiments. Mainly, we discuss the energy dependence of ϕ meson invariant yield and the production mechanism, strangeness enhancement, parton energy loss, and partonic collectivity in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Effect of later stage hadronic rescattering on elliptic flow (v2) of proton is also discussed relative to corresponding effect on ϕ meson v2

Phylogenetic diversity analysis of Trichoderma species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker

The phylogeny of Trichoderma and the phylogenetic relationships of its species was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis and distance analysis of DNA sequences from multiple genetic loci 18S rDNA sequence analysis suggests that the genus Trichoderma evolved at the same time as Hypomyces and Fusarium and thus about 110 Myr ago 28S rDNA sequence analysis shows that the genus Trichoderma is part of a monophyletic branch within the Hypocreaceae. Most isolates of the genus Trichoderma were found to act as mycoparasites of many economically important aerial and soil-borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma has attained importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and hence an attempt was intended to corroborate the positive relatedness of molecular and morphological characters. Two fungal strains, Trichoderma koningii Tk-5201/CSAU and Trichoderma virens Tvi-4177/CSAU were isolated from a soil sample collected from CSA Farm, Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The universal primers (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment and strains were thus characterized with the help of ITS marker. It is proposed that the identified strains T. koningii Tk-5201/CSAU and T. virens Tvi-4177/CSAU be assigned as the type strains of a species of genus Trichoderma based on phylogenetic tree analysis together with the 18S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers KC800923 and KC800924, respectively. Thus an integrated approach of morphological and molecular markers can be employed to identify a superior strain of Trichoderma for its commercial exploitation.Keywords: 18S ribosomal RNA gene, Trichoderma, phylogenetic analysis, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), DNA sequencing, GenBankAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(3), pp. 449-455, 15 January, 201