Oral Ornaments: An Overview

Nowadays, people desire to look attractive and have become very alert about their appearance and smile. Since the face is most exposed part of our body, and mouth a prominent feature, teeth are getting enormous share of attention. Intraoral jewellery has currently gained popularity and is slowly becoming a craze, but this fashion trend is also associated with some significant health issues. These ornaments though are said to enhance beauty cause problems such as increase pain, infection, scar formation, tooth fractures, metal hyper-sensitivity reactions, localized periodontal disease, speech impediment, and nerve damage. This review draws special attention to the prevalence, complications, and side effects of dental jewellery in humans. Here we suggest people must be aware of all the risks associated with wearing dental jewellery, and they should undergo dental check-ups regularly

Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. and Entodon plicatus C.Muell. (Bryophyta) from Rajasthan, India

Abstract. Plants are the ultimate source of drugs against many communicable diseases since time immemorial. Multitudinous drugs have been obtained from countless plant species. However, invariably angiosperms were the preferred choice of most of the workers and other plant groups remain somewhat unexplored in this direction. Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of two such neglected mosses (bryophyta), Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. and Entodon plicatus C. Muell. (Bryopsida). In preluded phytochemical analysis cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, anthroquinone, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic, proteins, fats and fixed oils were observed by using standard tests. It was found that E. plicatus contains more amount of phytochemicals than H. involuta. The antioxidant activity of both the plants was also determined according to standard protocols and appealing results were found. Comparative analysis was done for the activity of Catalase, Peroxidase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and Superoxide dismutase and interesting observations were made. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of both the plants was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus and Escherichia coli by using the Agar well diffusion method. Extract of H. involuta showed a greater inhibitory activity than Entodon plicatus. Bacillus spp. (gram+ve) were found more affected than E. coli (gram-ve)

Workplace Deviant Behaviour in Response to Breach of Psychological Contract: The Mediation Effect of Moral Disengagement

With the increased instances of deviant behaviours, there is a pressing need to explore its instigating variables. This article explores the influence of Breach of Psychological Contract (BPC) on two dimensions of workplace deviant behaviour namely, organisational deviance and interpersonal deviance through the mediating role of moral disengagement, a construct whose role has not been studied in the literature. The study is to explore the socio cognitive reaction of employees when the social exchange relationship between employer and employee is disturbed. It focuses on the fact that promises made to the employees matter. The data were collected from 248 employees working in private sector in India with at least one year of experience and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling and Mediation model developed by Baron and Kenny (1986) and Hayes (2008). Cross sectional study design is followed. The results show that Breach of Psychological Contract significantly affects both types of workplace deviant behaviour (organisational and interpersonal) with moral disengagement partially mediating the relationship. The conclusion drawn from the study will guide the managers to focus on maintaining psychological contracts for establishing a healthy social exchange relationship between employer and employee. It will help them to not go overboard with false promises and design their policies in such a manner that employee's psychological contracts are fulfilled. Use of moral disengagement as a mediator will highlight the importance of studying socio-cognitive reaction of employees to certain actions of the organisation

Prevalence of clinical remission in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism

Background: Remission of disease activity is a characteristic feature of autoimmune endocrine disorders such as Graves' disease, Addison's disease and occasionally in patients with premature ovarian failure. Autoimmunity is also implicated in sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH) with clinical remission of disease reported in three cases. Objective: To assess the rate of remission in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and review the cases reported so far. Subjects and methods: Subjects included 53 patients (M:F, 24:29) with SIH who had been symptomatic for at least 1 year (range 1-31 years). They were treated with calcium and 1-α -(OH)D3/cholecalciferol therapy and had a mean duration of follow up of 5.0 ± 3.2 years. Treatment was withdrawn in two stages in the patients who maintained normal levels of serum total calcium during the preceding year of treatment. In stage-1, the dose of therapy was reduced to half and subsequently all treatment was stopped (stage 2) in those patients who maintained normal serum total calcium levels on the reduced dose. Remission of SIH was defined as maintenance of normal serum total (≥ 2.12 mmol/l) and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for at least 3 months after withdrawal of calcium and 1-α -(OH)D3/cholecalciferol therapy. Calcium sensing receptor autoantibodies (CaSRAb) were determined by Western blot. Results: Two of the 53 patients (3.8%) with SIH stayed in remission for 1 year after complete withdrawal of therapy. CaSRAb was absent in both the cases. The clinical features, age at onset and duration of hypocalcaemic symptoms in cases with remission were comparable to those who did no show remission. Conclusion: Sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is not irreversible as is widely believed and spontaneous remission of disease may occur in 3.8% of patients

Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomised controlled trial

Objective: The HOME BP (Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure) trial aimed to test a digital intervention for hypertension management in primary care by combining self-monitoring of blood pressure with guided self-management. Design: Unmasked randomised controlled trial with automated ascertainment of primary endpoint. Setting: 76 general practices in the United Kingdom. Participants: 622 people with treated but poorly controlled hypertension (>140/90 mm Hg) and access to the internet. Interventions: Participants were randomised by using a minimisation algorithm to self-monitoring of blood pressure with a digital intervention (305 participants) or usual care (routine hypertension care, with appointments and drug changes made at the discretion of the general practitioner; 317 participants). The digital intervention provided feedback of blood pressure results to patients and professionals with optional lifestyle advice and motivational support. Target blood pressure for hypertension, diabetes, and people aged 80 or older followed UK national guidelines. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the difference in systolic blood pressure (mean of second and third readings) after one year, adjusted for baseline blood pressure, blood pressure target, age, and practice, with multiple imputation for missing values. Results: After one year, data were available from 552 participants (88.6%) with imputation for the remaining 70 participants (11.4%). Mean blood pressure dropped from 151.7/86.4 to 138.4/80.2 mm Hg in the intervention group and from 151.6/85.3 to 141.8/79.8 mm Hg in the usual care group, giving a mean difference in systolic blood pressure of −3.4 mm Hg (95% confidence interval −6.1 to −0.8 mm Hg) and a mean difference in diastolic blood pressure of −0.5 mm Hg (−1.9 to 0.9 mm Hg). Results were comparable in the complete case analysis and adverse effects were similar between groups. Within trial costs showed an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of £11 ($15, €12; 95% confidence interval £6 to £29) per mm Hg reduction. Conclusions: The HOME BP digital intervention for the management of hypertension by using self-monitored blood pressure led to better control of systolic blood pressure after one year than usual care, with low incremental costs. Implementation in primary care will require integration into clinical workflows and consideration of people who are digitally excluded. Trial registration: ISRCTN13790648

Novel K540N mutation in Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase confers a lower level of sulfa drug resistance than does a K540E mutation

Sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) each inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase (PfDHPS), and certain point mutations in this enzyme yield the drug-resistant parasite. Using a simple Escherichia coli model system, we describe here the effect of the recently reported novel K540N mutation in PfDHPS on the level of SDX/SMX resistance. The survival rate of the transformed E. coli (DHPS-deficient strain) under different SDX or SMX concentrations revealed that the K540N mutation confers a lower level of drug resistance than its contemporary K540E mutation. Further, SMX was more effective than SDX in the E. coli system

HADOOP BASED APPLICATION USING MULTINODE CLUSTERS

In the present era, data is considered as precious as gold for many organizations. Data management and storage is of utmost importance. In today’s scenario, data is being generated in massive quantities every single day. Hence, the storage and processing of data using the conventional storing methods like RDBMS is not efficient and effective. So, new ways have been evolved to manage this massive amount of data, also termed as Big Data. This Big Data is a combination of both structured and unstructured data. Hadoop is an open source software that helps to store and process this Big Data. The Hadoop divides the data in blocks and stores them on different nodes and also does replication of these blocks for fault tolerance. The Hadoop Distribution File system (HDFS) and MapReduce are the two key components of Hadoop. MapReduce is used to process the data. In this paper 3-nodes cluster is proposed to store file and process the data for word-count application

Critical Analysis On Trade Secrets And Unfolding The Path Of Intellectual Property Rights Under Legal Framework

The main aim of the research paper is to unfold the path of Intellectual property rights and communicate as to how these trade secrets play pivotal role in competitive world. It focuses on various Intellectual property such as trade secrets, Copyright, Patent, Trademark, Design and Geographical Indications within the context of legal picture as to how these matters dealt with IPR awareness, legal Remedies on infringement of these rights. Where in various authorities like Copyright board, Patent office and others comes in to picture. Also the paper deals with matter pertaining to assignment and usage of classes of work by the author/ owner. The empirical study on various Anti- competitive tactics used to destroy market in IP sectors and the paper deals with as to how these reflect on Institutions, Industries, Businesses etc. Keywords: Intellectual property rights, Trade secrets, Geographical Indication, Trademarks, Patents, Design, Anti-competition, Infringement