THE EFFICACY OF PANCHTIKTAGHRIT GUGGLU AND SHIRISHADI LEPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MANDAL KUSHTH W.S.R TO TINEA CORPORIS

Skin is one of the five ‘Gyanindriyas’ as described in Ayurvedic texts. It is responsible for ‘Sparsh Gyan’ or touch sensation; therefore it plays a great role in physical and mental health of any individual. It is most affected by fungal infections. According to modern science the fungal infections caused by dermatophytes are called as dermatophytosis. Tinea or Ringworm infection presents with of the circular skin lesions with elevated edges. In Ayurveda, all skin diseases have been discussed under the broad heading of Kushta. The study comprised of a series of 10 patients of Mandal kushta. The patients were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa of Sri Krishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Varanasi. In the present study a clinical trial is done with trial drug Panchtiktkta ghrit gugglu and external application of Shirisadi lepa. Panchtiktkta ghrit gugglu is cited from Bhaishajya Ratnavali and Shirisadi lepa is cited from Charak Samhita. Panchtiktkta ghrit gugglu is given in a dose of 2 tablets 3times in a day with the combination of external application of Shirisadi lepa twice in a day for 45 days. Three follow ups with duration of 15 days were done. A remarkable changes were found in various sign and symptoms based on assessment criteria which are Kandu (itching), Sotha (inflammation), Srava (secretions), Vivarnata (discolouration) and Vrana (lesion). It was indeed a proper and suitable approach for this chronic skin disorder as the patients of Mandal Kustha combat a lot for this dreadful disease as it persists for long time and spread rapidly

AYURVEDIC APPROACH OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

Diabetes Mellitus is disease known from the dawn of civilization. Sedentary life style, lack of exercise, faulty dietary habits, improper medication and urbanization precipitate the disease. It is estimated that the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. Diabetic foot is one of the common complications of diabetes. Approximately 5-10% of all diabetics develop foot ulcer at least once in their time and more than 50% of non-traumatic amputations of lower limbs are foot complications in diabetic patients. Amputation of a part of lower limb is 15 times more common in diabetics as compares to general populations. In Ayurvedic text it is widely described by Acharya charak and Sushrut under Prameh pidika with its complication and treatment

Evaluation of reactive cap sorbents for in-situ remediation of contaminated sediments

Contaminated sediments can be treated using in-situ treatment methods that aim to either degrade or sequester contaminants, reducing their bioavailability. The main purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a reactive capping mat that can be used for in-situ remediation of contaminated sediments. This study investigated the interferences caused by humic acid on the adsorption of co-planar and non-co-planar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including 2-chlorobiphenyl, 2, 2\u27, 5, 5\u27-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3, 3\u27, 4, 4\u27-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2, 2\u27, 4, 4\u27, 5, 5\u27-hexachlorobiphenyl and 3, 3\u27, 4, 4\u27, 5, 5\u27-hexachlorobiphenyl and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene on two types of sorbents being evaluated for use in a mat: activated carbon and organoclays. Several kinetic and isotherm studies have been conducted using several formulations of activated carbons and organoclays as sorbents to treat individual PCB congeners and PAHs. The results showed that preloading of sorbents with humic acid, and simultaneous adsorption of humic acid and contaminant, significantly reduced the adsorption capacity for all selected PCB congeners and PAHs. Experiments conducted without preloading of sorbent surfaces demonstrated that desorption upon subsequent spiking with humic acid, to simulate the long-term exposure to porewater that contains high humic acid concentrations, was not pronounced and varied with co-planarity of PCBs and number of rings of PAHs. Also, humic acids were found to interfere to a much greater extent with adsorption to activated carbon than with organoclay formulations evaluated in this work. Experiments were also conducted to determine the effects of Suwannee River fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA) and natural organic matter (NOM) obtained from International Humic Substance Society (IHSS) and pore water isolated from sediment of the Hudson River and the Passaic River to understand the influence of different fractions of dissolve organic carbon that will be present in real site conditions. The results demonstrated enhancement in adsorption of PCB and PAH in presence of fulvic acid on both type of sorbents including activated carbon and organoclay but the effect of humic acid and NOM varied with contaminant. The humic acid had more reducing effect on PCB adsorption as compared to NOM and NOM had more reducing effects on PAH adsorption. A structural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy for activated carbon and X-Ray Diffractometry, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy for organoclay were conducted to observe differences caused by humic acid on the surfaces of the sorbents. BET surface area analysis has also been conducted to determine the surface area of activated carbon and organoclays. Thermo gravimetric analysis of organoclays was done to determine the % organic content which increases the hydrophobicity and thereby adsorption capacity of organoclays. This research indicate that organic acids, which are quite concentrated in sediment porewater, have a significant impact on the efficacy of reactive cap components and are an essential factor in the design and ultimate performance of this type of in-situ sediment management approach

RISK FACTORS, PREVALENCE AND DIAGNOSIS OF HUTCHISON GILFORD SYNDROME WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CASE REPORTS

Progeria also known Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), is an extremely rare genetic disorder. The prevalence of HGPS is 1 in 4-8 million newborns. Progeria causes premature, rapid aging shortly after birth present within the first year of life. Recently, de novo point mutations in the Lmna gene at position 1824 of the coding sequence have been found in persons with HGPS. Lmna encodes lamin A and C, the A-type lamins, which are an important structural component of the nuclear envelope and play a role in protein processing. The most common HGPS mutation is located at codon 608 (G608G). This mutation responsible for creating a cryptic splice site within exon 11, which deletes a proteolytic cleavage site within the expressed mutant lamin A. In Progeria, gene mutation results in the deletion of a Zmpste24/FACE1 splice site in prelamin A, preventing end terminal cleavage. The result of this point mutation can be observed by the main clinical and radiological features include alopecia, thin skin hypoplasia of nails, loss of subcutaneous fat, and osteolysis. The common symptoms of HGPS is a loss of eyebrows and eyelashes which can observed in early childhood and due to receding hairline and blading can also observed. Generally, this patient has facial character include microganthia (small jaw), craniofacial disproportion, prominent eyes, scalp veins and alopecia (loss of hair), restricted joint mobility and severe premature atherosclerosis. Laboratory findings are unremarkable, with the exception of an increased urinary excretion of hyaluronic acid. There is presently no effective therapy is available for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) but, it is essential to monitor carefully cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease So, Treatment usually includes low dose aspirin which helps prevent the atherothrombotic events, stroke and heart attacks by hindering platelet aggregatio

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF MADHUMEHA NASHINI GUTIKA & DARVYADI KWATH IN MADHUMEHA W.S.R. TO DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes has become a dreadful disease in this era. It is also described in Ayurvedic texts in terms of Madhumeha. Diabetes Mellitus is disease known from the dawn of civilization. Sedentary life style, lack of exercise, faulty dietary habits, improper medication & urbanization precipitate the disease. It is estimated that the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. As per WHO report, currently half a billion people (12% of the worlds population) are considered obese. As obesity is the one of the root cause of the disease. Observing the current status of prevalence and morbidity of the disease proper medication for the disease is mandatory. In the present study, Madhumeha Nashini Gutika a herbomineral preparation and Darvyadi Kwath (both mentioned in Ayurvedic texts) were selected for clinical trial. The study comprised of a series of 60 patients of Madhumeha. The patients were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa of Rishikul Government Ayurvedic P.G. College & Hospital. After evaluating the total effect of therapies it was observed that the Madhumeha Nashinh Gutika & Darvyadi Kwath (Combined therapy) provided better relief to the patients of Madhumeha in comparison to single group therapy

Network Status Management and Networkless Logging

This disclosure describes techniques of networkless logging of client application events when the client device does not have an internet connection. Networkless logging as described herein is request-agnostic, stores requests locally (e.g., on device memory or disk), and, if a network connection is presently unavailable, sends out the requests at a later time when the network connection becomes available. This disclosure also describes a network status manager that can accurately and reliably obtain the state of the network (connected or disconnected) by sending fast, lightweight requests to a remote endpoint that is geographically close to the user

SPHERICAL CRYSTALLISATION: A REVOLUTION IN THE FIELD OF PARTICLE ENGINEERING

Now-a-days direct tabletting technique is gaining more importance in Pharmaceutical manufacturing because it save money and time for tabletting but Good flowability and compressibility is prerequisite for drug to be prepared by direct compression. There are several techniques available to impart desired compressibility to drug, but the Spherical crystallization technique is the most promising one in which the drug crystals are modified using different solvents to directly compressible spherical agglomerates. Spherical agglomeration is particle engineering technique which involves the transformation of fine crystals into spherical shape which in turn enhances the powder properties such as particle size, shape, flow properties, solubility and bioavailability of pharmaceutical drug substances. The spherical crystallization further developed use with hydrophilic polymers to enhance dissolution rate characteristics of poorly water soluble drugs and can also be applied to sustain the drug release from solid dosage forms. The present review aims at the detailed comprehensive study about the technique, advantages and disadvantages, mechanism, different manufacturing methods of spherical agglomerates and characterization of spherical agglomerates

Evaluation of Activated Carbon as a Reactive Cap Sorbent for Sequestration of PCBs in Presence of Humic Acid

This study investigated the interferences caused by high humic acid concentrations on the adsorption of coplanar and noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on coconut shell activated carbon. In particular, the research focuses on the application of activated carbon as a reactive cap for contaminated sediment sites, a possible intervention to reduce contaminant flux through pore water, and to organisms in aquatic environments. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were conducted using activated carbon as a sorbent for individual PCB congeners including BZ 1, 52, 77, 153, and 169, respectively, in the presence and absence of humic acid. Results showed that preloading of activated carbon with humic acid significantly reduced the adsorption affinity for all selected PCB congeners. Experiments conducted without preloading of activated carbon demonstrated that desorption upon subsequent spiking with humic acid (simulating long-term exposure to pore water that contains high humic acid concentrations) was not found to be statistically significant, and varied with coplanarity of PCBs. Results provide important information for the design of reactive caps in sediments where high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon are found, and highlight the importance of considering site conditions when designing effective reactive caps

Effect of Humic Acid on Adsorption of Polychlorinated Biphenyls onto Organoclay

Mitigation of risks stemming from contaminated sediments in freshwater and estuarine environments remains an important challenge to the field of environmental science and engineering. Capping sediments with reactive materials is one approach that has recently been the subject of research and development. This research evaluated the use of organoclay as a sorbent in a reactive cap for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments, and provides an original contribution by presenting the sorption characteristics of individual polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners in the presence of high concentrations of humic acids typical of sediment porewater environments. Sorption of coplanar and noncoplanar PCBs on three commercially available organoclays was studied in this work. Studies were conducted to evaluate the kinetics of adsorption of PCBs on organoclay and to determine the effect of humic acid on the kinetics of adsorption. Isotherm studies were conducted to determine the adsorption affinity of PCBs for organoclays in the presence and absence of humic acid. Studies showed a 45 to 96% reduction in the sorption affinity for organoclays after preloading with high concentrations of humic acid, depending both on the congener and the composition of organoclay. Desorption of PCBs upon addition of humic acid after PCBs were equilibrated with organoclay was statistically significant, although the magnitude of the effect was much smaller than that observed from preloading of humic acid

Designer rice: New concept for climate change

Rice is the most important cereal crop that has been referred as global grain because of its use as prime staple food in about 100 countries of the world. Chhattisgarh popularly known as ‘Rice Bowl of India’. The rising demand saturation of cultivable field and climate change cause a supply shortage of a crop in the near future. The impact of climate change has serious implications for productivity and production of crops, thus threatening our food security and health and livelihood of millions. By the near 2025, about 785 million tonnes of paddy which is 70% more than the current production is needed to meet the growing demand. To achieve the expected yield and hike the productivity of rice, it becomes necessary to design rice according to change climate. The newly designed plant type was mainly based on the results of simulation modeling and new traits were mostly morphological. The proposed new plant type has low tillering capacity, few unproductive tillers, more filled grains per panicle, plant height of 90-100 cm, thick and sturdy stems, leaves that are thick, dark green and erect, a vigorous root system, 100-135 days crop duration and increased harvest index. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of designer varieties to sustain and enhance the productivity and production of agricultural crops even in changing climate regimes