Design and implementation of fuzzy based control system for natural gas pipes system based on LabVIEW

The quality of Natural Gas Piping Systems (NGPS) must be ensured against any manufacturing defects. For this purpose, we develop a special testing machine (STM) constructed at the lab to test (NGPS). The proposed (STM) function is based on testing the weak points at the pipe connections e.g. pipe bends, and intermediate connections. For more than 1500 pieces of (NGPS), crack propagation simultaneously followed up and monitored on the output screen at the critical positions of the pipelines connections. The control system utilizes the LabVIEW tools for various signals acquisition and monitoring also for designing the control system strategy

On The Existence of Discrete Solitons in a Hexagonal Lattice

The discrete nonlinear Schr odinger equation on a non - square hexagonal geometry lattice due to the topological charge shows the possibility of a closed phase portrait and limit cycle in case of focusing nonlinearity. A linear stability analysis of discrete solitons is presented. The method of numerical continuation is applied t o solve the dynamical equations. The phase plane analysis shows existence of Limit cycle in the phase plane indicating stability of solito

Efficiency of aluminum and iron electrodes in removal of colour, turbidity and total suspended solid from biologically treated municipal wastewater

The present investigation was undertaken to observe the effect of different combinations of aluminium and iron (Al-Al, Al-Fe, Fe-Fe and Fe-Al) electrodes on the removal of colour, turbidity (TD) and total suspended solids (TSS) of biologically treated municipal wastewater ( BTMW) using applied potential (V), operating time (OT) and initial pH. The maximum removal of colour (98.7 %) and TSS (96.89 %) was found with the use of Al-Al combination with optimum operating conditions (Voltage: 40 V; OT: 40 mins.; IED: 1.0 cm; EA: 160 cm2; initial pH: 7.5 and ST: 30 mins). It was interesting to note that TD of BTMW was completely removed at these optimal operating conditions. The economic evaluation of electrode combinations was observed to be in the order of Fe-Al (1.17 US /m3)> Al-Fe (1.11 US /m3)> Fe-Fe (1.08 US /m3) >Al-Al (1.01 US /m3) in terms of energy and electrode consumption. Thus, the BTMW can be effectively treated with the Al-Al electrode combination in comparison to other electrode combinations (Al-Fe , Fe-Fe and Fe-Al)

Gender based participatory approach for sustainable small holder farming in developing countries

Dairying at the household level is largely the domain of women. They are contributing for more than 90% of household activities. In livestock management activities, males are contributing only about 10% in form of fodder arrangement, livestock management such as, vaccinations, artificial insemination and selling milk. Considering women’ participation in dairy production system, their different needs and widening gaps the need was felt to have a study on this aspect. The paper describes rationale and importance of the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach. The methodology involves the following sequential components: site selection, site description and categorization, planning for PRA, diffusion of results. In this paper, the planning and implantation of integrated interventions have been made to assess women empowerment in dairy production system and improve dairy productivity. The Neeli ravi breed of buffalo was giving higher yield of milk (average 8 liters per day) over the indigenous breed (average 6-7 liters per day). Among the cow the cross bred was giving an average milk yield of 10 lt/day which was more than the 5-6 lt/day given by the indigenous breed. The occurrence of diseases was mainly June to September and the management practices were carried before their onset in May-June only. But, it should be carried out throughout the year for various diseases. The matrix ranking of technology adoptions for buffalo breeds were found to be 34 points against the 26 points for the indigenous breeds

Effect of electroplating industrial waste on “available phosphorus” of soil in relation to other physicochemical properties

Unorganized land disposal of industrial wastes contaminates land and ground water. The Wazirpur Industrial area of Delhi, a metropolitan city, generates highly acidic (pH 2 - 3.8) and toxic waste, and disposal remains a perpetual problem. This waste contains a high quantity of macronutrients as well as heavy metals because major industries are involved in metals finishing. Wastes of these industries were mixed with municipal waste at roads. Hence a study was undertaken to verify the suitability of land disposal of this toxic waste. The waste was first treated with three doses of lime (0, 0.5 and 1%) and then mixed with two types of soils from two different locations in three different proportions viz. 10, 20 and 30%, maintaining soil moisture level at 50% of water holding capacity. These samples were incubated for 120 days. All three waste amendments resulted in an increase in available phosphorus (AP) in both waste- amended soils as compared to the control soils. It is statistically significant at p = 0.05 level. During the 120 days of incubation highest value (36.41 ± 0.01 ppm for site 1 soil and 30.40 ± 0.03 ppm for site 2 soil) of available phosphorus had been found at 20th day of incubation for both the soils. Lime treatment at the rate of 0.5% gave in 10 and 20% treatments significantly positive result as compared to 0 and 1% treatment. Only in 30% waste amendment 1% lime treatment gave better amount of available phosphorus (27.77 ± 0.01 ppm and 24.84 ± 0.03 ppm for site 1 and site 2 soils respectively). The finding of the study evident that 0.5% lime treated 10% industrial waste can be used as manure for soil. The result is of further interest from a plant nutrition standpoint since the amount of potentially mobile-P measured in this study could be related to the amount of available phosphorous required for crop growth.Key words: Industrial waste, land disposal, incubation study, available phosphorus

Finite Element Method-based Design and Simulations of Micro-cantilever Platform for Chemical and Bio-sensing Applications

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based cantilever platform have capability for the detection of chemical and biological agents. This paper reports about the finite element method (FEM) based design and simulations of MEMS-based piezoresistor cantilever platform to be used for detection of chemical and biological toxic agents. Bulk micromachining technique is adopted for the realisation of the device structure. MEMS piezoresistive biosensing platforms are having potential for a field-based label-free detection of various types of bio-molecules. Using the MEMMECH module of CoventorWare® simulations are performed on the designed model of the device and it is observed that principal stress is maximum along the length (among other dimensions of the micro-cantilever) and remains almost constant for 90 per cent of the length of the micro-cantilever. The dimensions of piezoresistor are optimised and the output voltage vs. stress analysis for various lengths of the piezoresistor is performed using the MEMPZR module of the CoventorWare®

Thermal studies on electrodeposited black oxide coating on magnesium alloys

Thermal behavior of black anodic coatings on magnesium alloy, AZ31B and magnesium lithium alloy, MLA 9 has been investigated. The chemical nature of coating is characterized by infrared spectral studies. The thermoanalytical investigations have been carried out using thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The decomposition proceeds through three steps viz., dehydration, decomposition of chromium hydroxide and sulphate and decomposition of magnesium chromate to oxide. Measurement of hemispherical emittance of coatings verses temperature was investigated using calorimetric methods. The studies revealed that the thermal emittance of coatings increases with temperature. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V