Neutrino oscillation in a space-time with torsion

Using the Einstein-Cartan-Dirac theory, we study the effect of torsion on neutrino oscillation. We see that torsion cannot induce neutrino oscillation, but affects it whenever oscillation exists for other reasons. We show that the torsion effect on neutrino oscillation is as important as the neutrino mass effect, whenever the ratio of neutrino number density to neutrino energy is $\sim 10^{69}$ cm$^{-3}$ /eV, or the number density of the matter is $\sim 10^{69}$ cm$^{-3}$.Comment: 7 pages, LaTex,Some typos corrected Journal: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A (1999) (will be appeared

Potential probiotic of Lactobacillus johnsonii LT171 for chicken nutrition

The objective of this research was to investigate the potential probiotic of Lactobacillus johnsonii LT171. It had aggregation (60 min) and antibacterial effects against Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O78:K80. It showed amylase and protease activity and high clear zone in culture medium containing calcium phytate; cell surface hydrophobicity, 85.21 ± 7.27%; resistance to acidic condition (pH 3 for 90 min) and bile salts (in culture medium containing 0.075% ox gall). Also it had resistance to nalidixic acid and neomycine. This research showed appropriate probiotic properties of L. johnsonii LT171 for chicken nutrition. Hence this strain can complement the characteristics of other strains in multistrain probiotics because of its high clear zone in culture medium containing calcium phytate

Inhibitory Effects of Several Essential Oils towards Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella paratyphi B

Plant essential oils are natural products extracted from plants and because of their antimicrobial properties can be used as natural additives in foods. They are also useful for decontamination of food-borne pathogens and can be a safe additive in foods. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils belonging to Saturiea hortensis, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha polegium, Cuminum cyminum, Lavandula officinalis and Mentha viridis L. (spearmint) were investigated at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10%v/v) against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella paratyphi B by using the agar well diffusion method. Essential oils showed inhibitory effect on Salmonella spp. in the agar well diffusion assay. In addition, the capability of essential oils for decontamination of minced row beef, ground beef, minced raw chicken and minced raw fish inoculated with Salmonella spp. at 0.1 and 0.5%v/v were assessed. Reduction of the Salmonella spp. population was observed following the inoculation of the cultures with 0.1 and 0.5%v/v essential oils

New time-type and space-type non-standard quantum algebras and discrete symmetries

Starting from the classical r-matrix of the non-standard (or Jordanian) quantum deformation of the sl(2,R) algebra, new triangular quantum deformations for the real Lie algebras so(2,2), so(3,1) and iso(2,1) are simultaneously constructed by using a graded contraction scheme; these are realized as deformations of conformal algebras of (1+1)-dimensional spacetimes. Time-type and space-type quantum algebras are considered according to the generator that remains primitive after deformation: either the time or the space translation, respectively. Furthermore by introducing differential-difference conformal realizations, these families of quantum algebras are shown to be the symmetry algebras of either a time or a space discretization of (1+1)-dimensional (wave and Laplace) equations on uniform lattices; the relationship with the known Lie symmetry approach to these discrete equations is established by means of twist maps.Comment: 17 pages, LaTe

Semi-stochastic load model for heavy goods electric vehicles depot charging considering the potential for demand side management

Research and development on the electrification of road vehicles have been dominated by light-duty passenger vehicles and vans. Recent developments in Electric Vehicle (EV) technology, however, are bringing attention to the electrification of heavy-duty vehicles and raising questions about fleet charging profiles and related implications for power networks. In this paper, a semi-stochastic model is developed for the simulation of Heavy Goods Electric Vehicle (HGEV) depots' charging demand profiles. The modelling of daily fleet charging profiles, managed and unmanaged, are addressed in this paper to investigate the characteristics of the typical load profile and the potential of demand side management in response to price signals. Issues of charging constraint and optimal depot charging, from a power network perspective, have been applied to understanding how the fleet demand is met. The findings of this work paves the way to study the impacts of heavy-duty vehicle electrification on the network and the maximum power demanded from the grid based on the charging strategies taken. Adoption of flexibility programs or network reinforcement plans around sites of fleet charging can be informed by this study - helping to mitigate the overall stress that the grid could face due to increasing future demands

Twist maps for non-standard quantum algebras and discrete Schrodinger symmetries

The minimal twist map introduced by B. Abdesselam, A. Chakrabarti, R. Chakrabarti and J. Segar (Mod. Phys. Lett. A 14 (1999) 765) for the non-standard (Jordanian) quantum sl(2,R) algebra is used to construct the twist maps for two different non-standard quantum deformations of the (1+1) Schrodinger algebra. Such deformations are, respectively, the symmetry algebras of a space and a time uniform lattice discretization of the (1+1) free Schrodinger equation. It is shown that the corresponding twist maps connect the usual Lie symmetry approach to these discrete equations with non-standard quantum deformations. This relationship leads to a clear interpretation of the deformation parameter as the step of the uniform (space or time) lattice.Comment: 16 pages, LaTe

Multiparametric quantum gl(2): Lie bialgebras, quantum R-matrices and non-relativistic limits

Multiparametric quantum deformations of $gl(2)$ are studied through a complete classification of $gl(2)$ Lie bialgebra structures. From them, the non-relativistic limit leading to harmonic oscillator Lie bialgebras is implemented by means of a contraction procedure. New quantum deformations of $gl(2)$ together with their associated quantum $R$-matrices are obtained and other known quantizations are recovered and classified. Several connections with integrable models are outlined.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX. To appear in J. Phys. A. New contents adde

Boson representations, non-standard quantum algebras and contractions

A Gelfan'd--Dyson mapping is used to generate a one-boson realization for the non-standard quantum deformation of $sl(2,\R)$ which directly provides its infinite and finite dimensional irreducible representations. Tensor product decompositions are worked out for some examples. Relations between contraction methods and boson realizations are also explored in several contexts. So, a class of two-boson representations for the non-standard deformation of $sl(2,\R)$ is introduced and contracted to the non-standard quantum (1+1) Poincar\'e representations. Likewise, a quantum extended Hopf $sl(2,\R)$ algebra is constructed and the Jordanian $q$-oscillator algebra representations are obtained from it by means of another contraction procedure.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX; two new references adde

Bacteriophage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: A review

Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that causes infection with a high mortality rate due to resistance to different antibiotics. This bacterium prompts extensive tissue damage with varying factors of virulence, and its biofilm production causes chronic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Therefore, due to the non-applicability of antibiotics for the destruction of P. aeruginosa biofilm, alternative approaches have been considered by researchers, and phage therapy is one of these new therapeutic solutions. Bacteriophages can be used to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilm by destroying the extracellular matrix, increasing the permeability of antibiotics into the inner layer of biofilm, and inhibiting its formation by stopping the quorum-sensing activity. Furthermore, the combined use of bacteriophages and other compounds with anti-biofilm properties such as nanoparticles, enzymes, and natural products can be of more interest because they invade the biofilm by various mechanisms and can be more effective than the one used alone. On the other hand, the use of bacteriophages for biofilm destruction has some limitations such as limited host range, high-density biofilm, sub-populate phage resistance in biofilm, and inhibition of phage infection via quorum sensing in biofilm. Therefore, in this review, we specifically discuss the use of phage therapy for inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm in clinical and in vitro studies to identify different aspects of this treatment for broader use. © 2020 The Author(s)

Biallelic variants in ADARB1, encoding a dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase, cause a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Background Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a co-transcriptional/post-transcriptional modification of double-stranded RNA, catalysed by one of two active adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), ADAR1 and ADAR2. ADARB1 encodes the enzyme ADAR2 that is highly expressed in the brain and essential to modulate the function of glutamate and serotonin receptors. Impaired ADAR2 editing causes early onset progressive epilepsy and premature death in mice. In humans, ADAR2 dysfunction has been very recently linked to a neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and epilepsy in four unrelated subjects. Methods We studied three children from two consanguineous families with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) through detailed physical and instrumental examinations. Exome sequencing (ES) was used to identify ADARB1 mutations as the underlying genetic cause and in vitro assays with transiently transfected cells were performed to ascertain the impact on ADAR2 enzymatic activity and splicing. Results All patients showed global developmental delay, intractable early infantile-onset seizures, microcephaly, severe-to-profound intellectual disability, axial hypotonia and progressive appendicular spasticity. ES revealed the novel missense c.1889G>A, p.(Arg630Gln) and deletion c.1245_1247+1 del, p.(Leu415PhefsTer14) variants in ADARB1 (NM_015833.4). The p.(Leu415PhefsTer14) variant leads to incorrect splicing resulting in frameshift with a premature stop codon and loss of enzyme function. In vitro RNA editing assays showed that the p.(Arg630Gln) variant resulted in a severe impairment of ADAR2 enzymatic activity. Conclusion In conclusion, these data support the pathogenic role of biallelic ADARB1 variants as the cause of a distinctive form of DEE, reinforcing the importance of RNA editing in brain function and development