Some Epistemic Extensions of G\"odel Fuzzy Logic

In this paper, we introduce some epistemic extensions of G\"odel fuzzy logic whose Kripke-based semantics have fuzzy values for both propositions and accessibility relations such that soundness and completeness hold. We adopt belief as our epistemic operator, then survey some fuzzy implications to justify our semantics for belief is appropriate. We give a fuzzy version of traditional muddy children problem and apply it to show that axioms of positive and negative introspections and Truth are not necessarily valid in our basic epistemic fuzzy models. In the sequel, we propose a derivation system $K_F$ as a fuzzy version of classical epistemic logic $K$. Next, we establish some other epistemic-fuzzy derivation systems $B_F, T_F, B_F^n$ and $T_F^n$ which are extensions of $K_F$, and prove that all of these derivation systems are sound and complete with respect to appropriate classes of Kripke-based models

The Effect of Darab Salt Dome on the Quality of Adjacent Karstic and Alluvium Aquifers (South of Iran)

Zakrasele kraške formacije vsebujejo najpomembnejše vodne vire osrednjih delov jugovzhodnega Irana. Če kraška voda ni onesnažena zaradi slanih dom, je v tem delu Irana njena električna prevodnost pod 500 µS cm-1. Področje raziskav je južno krilo antiklinale Shahneshin-Milk, 200 km vzhodno od Shiraza, ki sodi v narivno cono Zagrosa. Kraška formacija Tarbur (zgornji Campanij-Maastrichtij) izdanja v južnem krilu antiklinale Shahneshin-Milk, pod katero je neprepustna radiolaritna formacija. Solna doma Darab izdanja znotraj zakrasele formacije Tarbur. Iz formacije Tarbur priteka več izvirov. Kvaliteta vode vseh izvirov je v mejah neonesnažene kraške vode razen treh, ki so v bližini solne dome. Električna prevodnost teh treh izvirov je med 1200 in 2000 µS cm-1. Del aluvija okoli solne dome je slano močvirje, ki ga obrobljata dva kanala. Električna prevodnost močvirske vode pod nivojem talne vode je okoli 1400 µS cm-1, v večjih globinah pa se zmanjša na 400 µS cm-1. Odtok s solne dome Darab in prenikanje vode nizke kakovosti iz kanala sta najbrž glavna vzroka za nastanek slanega močvirja. Pomemben delež onesnažene kraške vode iz Tarburja ne teče proti močvirju, saj, prvič, večina kraške vode iz Tarburja priteka na dan skozi izvire, in drugič, na globlje plasti aluvijalnega vodonosnika onesnažena voda ne vpliva.Karstified carbonate formations are among the most important water resources in the south-central regions of Iran. If the karst water is not contaminated by salt domes, the electrical conductivity of water in the karst aquifer is less than 500 µS cm-1 in the south-center of Iran. The study area is located in the southern flank of Shahneshin-Milk anticline, 200 km east of Shiraz. This region is situated in the Zagros Thrust Zone. The Tarbur karstic formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) is outcropped on the southern flank of the Shahneshin-Milk anticline which is underlain by the impermeable Radiolarite formation. The Darab salt dome outcrops inside the karstified Tarbur Formation. Several springs emerge from the Tarbur Formation. The quality of all springs is in the range of unpolluted karst water except for three springs which are located near the Darab salt dome. The electrical conductivity of these springs range from 1200 to 2000 µS cm-1. Part of the alluvium near the Darab salt dome is salt-marsh which is bounded by two channels. The electrical conductivity in the salt-marsh below the water table is about 1400 µS cm-1, and it reduces to 400 µS cm-1 at the lower depths. Run-off from the Darab salt dome and seepage from the channel with low quality water are probably the main reasons of salt-marsh development. A considerable amount of polluted Tarbur karst water does not flow towards the marshland because, firstly, most of the Tarbur karst water discharges from the springs, and secondly, the alluvium aquifer is not affected by polluted water at lower depths

In vitro pollen germination, pollen tube growth and longevity in some genotypes of loquat (Eriobotria japonica Lindl.)

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is one of the most perspective trees with tasty fruits suitable for commercial production in Iran. However, self-incompatibility of most loquat cultivars makes it necessary to select good pollinizers in breeding and orchard establishment programs. Therefore, studies on pollen viability traits of cultivars and genotypes have been one of the main issues for loquat growers and breeders which are investigated in this study. The experiment was conducted in in vitro conditions for the identification of the pollen germination and longevity in some loquat genotypes for recognition of the best pollinizers. Pollens of twenty (20) genotypes were gathered and after three weeks storage in 0°C, their pollen germination, pollen tube growth rate and pollen longevity were tested in the in vitro medium. The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) and data were analyzed with SAS software. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes in pollen germination, pollen tube growth rate and pollen longevity. Finally, the best genotypes were selected for using in loquat orchard establishment and breeding programs in Iran.Key words: Loquat, in vitro, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, pollen longevity, breeding programs

Millennium Development Goals (Mdgs) The Achievement and Failure: A Comparative Presentation Between Yemen and India in the Light of The Development Sectors’ Indicators

 To contribute the achievement of sustainable development (SD) goals the Government’s real commitment on SD thoughts in both central and local levels is one of the most important factors. MDGs express widespread public concern about development’s related issues. The Republic of Yemen and the Republic of India, both are eastern countries in the continent of Asia, sharing its cultural and historical heritage. Regarding the development indicators, in 2011 Yemen was among the least developed countries whereas India among the medium developed countries. This paper mainly depended on the secondary data.  It depends on the national reports in Yemen and India additional to the international organizations’ reports. It exposes first the main indicators (i.e. Economic, Social, and Environmental) which are the constituents of SD dimensions. The purpose is to get representative access towards comprehending the existing situations while conducting the study. Then, the study outlines detailed schedules and tables about the indicators of the development sectors in the two countries such as the sectors of education, higher education, health, agriculture, water, sanitation, roads, energy and communications with some analyzes and discussions about the extent of achieving MDGs in each sector

Diode calibration for dose determination in total body irradiation

Background: Total Body Irradiation (TBI) is different from standard radiotherapy in many aspects, so it is not easy to predict the delivered dose to the patient under TBI treatment. Diode dosimetry procedures for surface dose reading can help to define variations of the actually delivered dose from the prescribed one. The aim of this study was to describe the measurements made to calibrate diodes in order to implement as a dosimeter for TBI tratment. An algorithm was also proposed based on diode dosimetry in order to determine the midplane dose. Materials and Methods: In this study, four p-type diodes connected to a MULTIDOSE electrometer were implemented as dosimeter. For diode calibration a water phantom with dimension of 30�30�32cm3 along with a 0.6 cc Farmer ion chamber were used. Directional dependence of diodes, the effects of thickness correction factor and complete backscatter factor were studied. Three algorithms, arithmetic, geometric mean and proposed algorithm were used to investigate midplane dose determination in TBI condition. Results: It was found by measurements that the effect of angle incident on diode response was significant and should have been taken into account. Variation in thickness correction factor was found about 0.7. The accuracy in midplane dose determination in the arithmetic, geometric mean and proposed algorithm was about 3.8, 12.5 and 3.3, respectively. Conclusion: Diode dosimetry is very useful as a check of midplane dose delivered to patients under TBI treatment. When the calibration and correction factors are carefully determined, high precision can be obtained. The proposed algorithm by this study seems to be useful in order to midplane dose determination in TBI condition

Synergistic Accumulative Effect of Salicylic Acid and Dibutyl Phthalate on Paclitaxel Production in Corylus avellana Cell Culture

Suspension cell cultures of Corylus avellana were challenged with salicylic acid and its combined use with dibutyl phthalate solvent. Salicylic acid with concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L–1 and 10% (v/v) dibutyl phthalate were used and added on day 8 and 10 of subculture, respectively. The results showed that growth, viability and protein content of cells were decreased by the treatments, compared to control. In all treatments, hydrogen peroxide content and lipid peroxidation rate of cells increased, compared to those of the control cells. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased by salicylic acid and, dibutyl phthalate exaggerated effect of salicylic acid. While flavonoids content decreased by the treatments, paclitaxel content increased significantly. The extracellular paclitaxel was more affected, compared to cell-associated paclitaxel and all treatments increased paclitaxel release and specific yield compared to that of the control. The most production of paclitaxel and specific yield of it were observed under effect of combined use of salicylic acid (50 mg L–1) and dibutyl phthalate, suggesting a synergistic accumulative effect

Digital leadership and organizational capabilities in manufacturing industry: A study in Malaysian context

The research is conducted to study the outcome of digital leadership on dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and alliances capabilities in manufacturing industries within the Malaysian context. Today, developing corporations and industries, at the least, require a virtual transformation to have greater organisational abilities in shaping and growing their new and present commercial enterprise to healthy the brand-new generation paradigm. A cross-sectional quantitative method has been used in this study with a sample of 132 respondents with different industry back grounds. These respondents are organisations, which are based on the nature of a business role like authorised representative, distributor, importer, manufacturer, combination authorised representative, distributor and importer, and combination distributor and importer that located in Selangor, Malaysia. The research used the SMART PLS software to analyse and interpret the results. There main hypotheses are proposed and tested. The results showed that digital leadership positively affects dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and alliances capabilities

Comparison of the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test in detecting latent tuberculosis in health care workers in Iran

OBJECTIVES: The tuberculin skin test (TST) and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) are used to identify latent tuberculosis infections (LTBIs). The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between these two tests among health care workers in Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 177 tuberculosis (TB) laboratory staff and 67 non-TB staff. TST indurations of 10 mm or more were considered positive. The Student's t-test and the chi-square test were used to compare the mean score and proportion of variables between the TB laboratory staff and the non-TB laboratory staff. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the agreement between these tests, and logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors associated with positive results for each test. RESULTS: The prevalence of LTBIs according to both the QFT and the TST was 17 (95 confidence interval CI, 12% to 21%) and 16% (95% CI, 11% to 21%), respectively. The agreement between the QFT and the TST was 77.46%, with a kappa of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of LTBI based on the QFT and the TST was not significantly different, the kappa statistic was low between these two tests for the detection of LTBIs

Sizing optimization of trapezoidal corrugated roof sheeting, supporting solar panels, under wind loading

The dimensions of trapezoidal roof sheeting supporting solar panels are optimized so that a minimum amount of steel is required for a specific range of wind loads. Sheets of different grades and different thicknesses along with different ranges of wind speeds are considered. In order to simulate the behavior of the corrugated sheets analysis is carried out for two limit states: strength and serviceability. For both limit states, the objective is to minimize the weight per unit area of the panels. First, optimum cross-section is obtained to meet the strength conditions. Then the deflection is controlled for serviceability. The optimum dimensions for each steel grade and loading condition are determined. The optimization problem is formulated as a multi-objective problem that aims to minimize the section\u27s weight and maximize the section elastic modulus under the wind loading condition. A graph theory based approach is presented for the sizing optimization, employing an applied graph theory approach for the multi-objective all pairs shortest path problem. The proposed methodology addresses the sizing optimization problem to determine the geometry of the thin-walled cold-formed steel cross-sections that satisfy the design topological constraints