Injuries of the floating crew of the Northern water pool in a state of alcoholic intoxication

The analysis of injuries of floating crew of the Northern water pool in a state of alcoholic intoxication havebeen based on the 180 accidents on board of ships with temporary loss of ability to work, and 1686 casehistories with alcoholic injuries, which demanded treatment in a surgical department. Among persons,the received injuries on the ship in the state of alcoholic intoxication were 8.1% of the victims: in thestrength of the transport fleet — 8.9%; fishing — 8.9% and river ones — 4.1%. Masters of fish production,skippers, rulers of the radio stations and masters of fish processing were most frequently injured afterthe consumption of the alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic injuries have been recorded at the time of walkingon the catwalk and the decks (54.2%), mooring operations (15.1%), maintenance and repairing the deckmachinery, water preparation (6.6%), as well as boat and loading-unloading works (4.3%). Falls from heightconstituted 36.6% of the injuries. Alcohol in 3.2 times increases the weight of the combined injuries. Thedeaths from the alcohol related injuries in marine conditions (43.4%) significantly exceed the indicators inthe group of non-alcoholic injuries (7.0%). Alcoholic intoxication has been noted in 35.0% of the cases ofthe floating crew injuries, hospitalised in the surgical department. Victims with alcoholic injuries receivedduring performing ship’s works were hospitalised 10 times less, than those with non-productive types ofinjuries. In the structure of non-industrial injuries, household injuries prevail (78.2%) over those receiveddue to falls on the street, in pedestrian flows (10.3%), transport and traffic accidents (6.7%), intentionalinjuries (4.1%) or those connected with sports games and competitions (0.7%). Fishermen are a professionalgroup of seamen, subject to the high social vulnerability to the alcoholic beverages consumptionand related injuries

Differential Roles of Environmental Enrichment in Alzheimer’s Type of Neurodegeneration and Physiological Aging

Impairment of hippocampal adult neurogenesis in aging or degenerating brain is a well-known phenomenon caused by the shortage of brain stem cell pool, alterations in the local microenvironment within the neurogenic niches, or deregulation of stem cell development. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been proposed as a potent tool to restore brain functions, to prevent aging-associated neurodegeneration, and to cure neuronal deficits seen in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report our data on the effects of environmental enrichment on hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and neurosphere-forming capacity of hippocampal stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Two models – Alzheimer’s type of neurodegeneration and physiological brain aging – were chosen for the comparative analysis of EE effects. We found that environmental enrichment greatly affects the expression of markers specific for stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated neurons (Pax6, Ngn2, NeuroD1, NeuN) in the hippocampus of young adult rats or rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model but less efficiently in aged animals. Application of time-lag mathematical model for the analysis of impedance traces obtained in real-time monitoring of cell proliferation in vitro revealed that EE could restore neurosphere-forming capacity of hippocampal stem/progenitor cells more efficiently in young adult animals (fourfold greater in the control group comparing to the AD model group) but not in the aged rats (no positive effect of environmental enrichment at all). In accordance with the results obtained in vivo, EE was almost ineffective in the recovery of hippocampal neurogenic reserve in vitro in aged, but not in amyloid-treated or young adult, rats. Therefore, EE-based neuroprotective strategies effective in Aβ-affected brain could not be directly extrapolated to aged brain

Light Scattering by Particles with Axis of Symmetry in Rayleigh-Gans-Debye Approximation

Получены формулы для амплитуды светорассеяния различных частиц, имеющих ось вращения, в приближении Рэлея-Ганса-Дебая (РГД). Указан общий подход для нахождения форм-фактора и амплитуды светорассеяния в цилиндрической системе координат частиц произвольного сече- ния, имеющих ось вращения. Кроме широко известных форм частиц шара, сфероида, цилиндра, тора, рассмотрены конус, полушар, параболоид вращения и тело, полученное вращением овалов Кассини. Для данных частиц проведено также численное сравнение факторов эффективности и индикатрисы светорассеяния РГД.The formulas for light scattering amplitude in Rayleigh-Gans-Debye (RGD) approximation for different particles having axis of rotation are obtained. The general approach for calculation light scattering form- factor and amplitude in the cylindrical coordinate system of particles with arbitrary cross-section having axis of rotation are given. Besides well-known forms of particles ball, spheroid, cylinder, torus, another forms such as cone, halfball, paraboloid of revolution and the body obtained by rotating Cassini ovals are treated. Also numerical results of light scattering efficiency factor and phase function for given particles in RGD approximation are obtained

Light Scattering by Particles with Axis of Symmetry in Rayleigh-Gans-Debye Approximation

Получены формулы для амплитуды светорассеяния различных частиц, имеющих ось вращения, в приближении Рэлея-Ганса-Дебая (РГД). Указан общий подход для нахождения форм-фактора и амплитуды светорассеяния в цилиндрической системе координат частиц произвольного сече- ния, имеющих ось вращения. Кроме широко известных форм частиц шара, сфероида, цилиндра, тора, рассмотрены конус, полушар, параболоид вращения и тело, полученное вращением овалов Кассини. Для данных частиц проведено также численное сравнение факторов эффективности и индикатрисы светорассеяния РГД.The formulas for light scattering amplitude in Rayleigh-Gans-Debye (RGD) approximation for different particles having axis of rotation are obtained. The general approach for calculation light scattering form- factor and amplitude in the cylindrical coordinate system of particles with arbitrary cross-section having axis of rotation are given. Besides well-known forms of particles ball, spheroid, cylinder, torus, another forms such as cone, halfball, paraboloid of revolution and the body obtained by rotating Cassini ovals are treated. Also numerical results of light scattering efficiency factor and phase function for given particles in RGD approximation are obtained

Mobile and immobile boundaries in ferroelectric flms

The intrinsic mobile interfaces in ferroelectrics—the domain walls can drive and enhance diverse ferroelectric properties, essential for modern applications. Control over the motion of domain walls is of high practical importance. Here we analyse theoretically and show experimentally epitaxial ferroelectric films, where mobile domain walls coexist and interact with immobile growth-induced interfaces—columnar boundaries. Whereas these boundaries do not disturb the long-range crystal order, they affect the behaviour of domain walls in a peculiar selective manner. The columnar boundaries substantially modify the behaviour of non-ferroelastic domains walls, but have negligible impact on the ferroelastic ones. The results suggest that introduction of immobile boundaries into ferroelectric films is a viable method to modify domain structures and dynamic responses at nano-scale that may serve to functionalization of a broader range of ferroelectric films where columnar boundaries naturally appear as a result of the 3D growth.The authors are grateful to Prof. A. Gruverman for useful discussions. Marijke Spanjer is acknowledged for proofreading the manuscript. PY acknowledges the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant No. 19-02-00938. The study of the interaction of ferroelastic DWs with CBs was carried out under a state contract with IT SB RAS. KS acknowledges the support by the French Government "Investments for the Future" Program, University of Bordeaux Initiative of Excellence (IDEX Bordeaux), and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant No. 2017SGR 1506). PY, AD and MT acknowledge the Operational Program Research, Development and Education, financed by the European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (Project No. SOLID21, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760). MT acknowledges support from the Czech Science Foundation (Grant No. 19-09671S). JP acknowledges the funding from the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 298409).Peer reviewe

Topological defects in hexagonal manganites: Inner structure and emergent electrostatics

Diverse topological defects arise in hexagonal manganites, such as ferroelectric vortices, as well as neutral and charged domain walls. The topological defects are intriguing because their low symmetry enables unusual couplings between structural, charge, and spin degrees of freedom, holding great potential for novel types of functional 2D and 1D systems. Despite the considerable advances in analyzing the different topological defects in hexagonal manganites, the understanding of their key intrinsic properties is still rather limited and disconnected. In particular, a rapidly increasing number of structural variants is reported without clarifying their relation, leading to a zoo of seemingly unrelated topological textures. Here, we combine picometer-precise scanning-transmission-electron microscopy with Landau theory modeling to clarify the inner structure of topological defects in Er1-xZrxMnO3. By performing a comprehensive parametrization of the inner atomic defect structure, we demonstrate that one primary length scale drives the morphology of both vortices and domain walls. Our findings lead to a unifying general picture of this type of structural topological defects. We further derive novel fundamental and universal properties, such as unusual bound-charge distributions and electrostatics at the ferroelectric vortex cores with emergent U(1) symmetry.Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeau