Stable Isotopes of Clay Minerals from Autoclave Tests of Oil Sands: Implications for Clay Formation during Steaming of Alberta Clearwater Oil Sands

In an effort to evaluate mineral-water isotopic exchange during cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), solutions and\u3c2 μm berthierine-dominated solids from the Clearwater Formation oil sands of Alberta, Canada were analyzed for stable isotope compositions before and after reaction in autoclaves for 1008 h at 250 °C. There was no significant change in solution δ18O and δ2H, which is consistent with the high water/mineral ratio used in the experiments. The solids showed a marked decrease in both δ18O and δ2H following the experiments. Pre-run solids have δ18O of +9.5 to +12.9‰and δ2H of −114 to −113‰, whereas post-run solids have δ18O of −4.7 to +2.1‰ and δ2H of −147 to −128‰. Neither oxygen- nor hydrogen-isotope equilibrium was established between the solids and the solutions. Calculation suggests that oxygen-isotope exchange (44–58%) was greater between the solids and the solutions than was the case for hydrogen isotopes (23–50%). We propose that this behaviour resulted from partial inheritance of the pre-run berthierine structure during formation of the post-run smectite, chlorite-smectite and chlorite. This process confounds the use of clay mineral stable isotope compositions as a temperature indicator of in situ steam/steam condensate interaction with oil-sands reservoirs. The results also suggest an additional mechanism by which new clay minerals can be formed during CSS-related, artificial diagenesis

Research trends of omics in ulcerative colitis: A bibliometric analysis

BackgroundOmics has emerged as a promising biological science to shed light on the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). At present, although research on the omics of UC has drawn global attention, there is still a lack of bibliometric analysis in this field. This study aimed to access the trends and hotspots of omics in UC research.MethodPublications related to omics in UC from 1 January 2000 to 15 October 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the online bibliometric analysis platform “Bibliometrix” were adopted to extract and visualize information.ResultsA total of 385 publications were finally included and the annual number of publications fluctuated. The trend in publications increased rapidly after 2019. The United States showed its dominant position in several publications, total citations, and international collaborations. The top five research organizations for publications on the research of omics in UC were Harvard Medical School, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Karolinska Institutet, the Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Massachusetts General Hospital. Ashwin Ananthakrishnan from the Massachusetts General Hospital was the most productive author, and Séverine Vermeire from the Catholic University of Leuven was co-cited most often. Inflammatory bowel disease was the most popular and co-cited journal in this field. The reference with citation bursts and trend topics showed that “ulcerative colitis,” “inflammatory bowel disease,” “microbiome,” “transcriptomics,” “genomics,” “metabolomics,” “proteomics,” “dysbiosis,” “biomarkers,” “loci,” and “therapy” are currently research hotspots.ConclusionOur study presents several important insights into the research trends and developments in the field of omics in UC, which will provide key information for further research

Data Descriptor: Daily observations of stable isotope ratios of rainfall in the tropics

We present precipitation isotope data (δ2H and δ18O values) from 19 stations across the tropics collected from 2012 to 2017 under the Coordinated Research Project F31004 sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Rainfall samples were collected daily and analysed for stable isotopic ratios of oxygen and hydrogen by participating laboratories following a common analytical framework. We also calculated daily mean stratiform rainfall area fractions around each station over an area of 5° x 5° longitude/latitude based on TRMM/GPM satellite data. Isotope time series, along with information on rainfall amount and stratiform/convective proportions provide a valuable tool for rainfall characterisation and to improve the ability of isotope-enabled Global Circulation Models to predict variability and availability of inputs to fresh water resources across the tropics.Fil: Munksgaard, Niels C.. James Cook University; Australia. Charles Darwin University. School of Environmental Research; AustraliaFil: Kurita, Naoyuki. Nagoya University; JapónFil: Sánchez Murillo, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional; Costa RicaFil: Ahmed, Nasir. Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission; BangladeshFil: Araguas, Luis. International Atomic Energy Agency (iaea); AustriaFil: Balachew, Dagnachew L.. International Atomic Energy Agency (iaea); AustriaFil: Bird, Michael I.. James Cook University; AustraliaFil: Chakraborty, Supriyo. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology; IndiaFil: Kien Chinh, Nguyen. Center for Nuclear Techniques; VietnamFil: Cobb, Kim M.. Georgia Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Ellis, Shelby A.. Georgia Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Esquivel Hernández, Germain. Universidad Nacional; Costa RicaFil: Ganyaglo, Samuel Y.. National Nuclear Research Institute; GhanaFil: Gao, Jing. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Gastmans, Didier. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Kaseke, Kudzai F.. Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; India. University of California Santa Barbara; Estados UnidosFil: Kebede, Seifu. Addis Ababa University; EtiopíaFil: Morales, Marcelo Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Mueller, Moritz. Swinburne University of Technology; MalasiaFil: Poh, Seng Chee. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu; MalasiaFil: Santos, Vinícius dos. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Shaoneng, He. Nanyang Technological University; SingapurFil: Wang, Lixin. Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; IndiaFil: Yacobaccio, Hugo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Zwart, Costijn. James Cook University; Australi

Isotope Data of Sumatra Squalls

This excel file contains the stable isotope data of the rain events in Singapore recorded by our instruments in 2015. Corresponding rain gauge data are also also include

Stable-Isotope and trace-element geochemistry of Molluscan fossils from the Cretaceous Bearpaw Marine Cyclotherm of the Western Interior Basin of North american

The Late Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation and its equivalents (products of deposition during the last major transgressive-regressive marine cycle to affect the Western Interior Basin) contain a molluscan fauna dominated by ammonites and bivalves. Other than molluscs, representatives of the invertebrate megafauna! groups that were prevalent in the open seas and oceans are relatively rare or absent. Usually, this is attributed to brackish-water conditions or oxygen-deficient environments in the Bearpaw epicontinental sea. Investigation of stable-isotope and major- and trace-element compositions of wellpreserved carbonate shells of the ammonites and bivalves from the Bearpaw cyclothem provides valuable information about environmental conditions within the Bearpaw sea. A clear relationship exists between the δ18O values of Bearpaw zonal baculitids and their biostratigraphic sequence. The baculitids from the zones denoting peak transgression have the lowest average δ18O values (-2.3 to- 0.7%o), whereas those from the underlying and overlying zones have higher δ18O values (-0.8 to 0.22%o). This pattern of the δ18O values can only be explained by fluctuations in temperature, rather than variations in freshwater influx, which may have been reduced due to lower precipitation and run-off under drier, warmer, climatic conditions. Inoceramids usually have the highest δ13C values (0.6 to 5.0 %o) and lowest δ18O values (-4.0 to -2.8 %o), whereas coeval baculitids have the lowest δ13C values (-4.8 to -0.3%o) and the highest δ18O values (-2.3 to 0.0 %o). The large differences in stable-isotope values imply that these animals must have inhabited isotopically distinct reservoirs within the Bearpaw sea. Thus, the baculitids probably hovered and swam mostly in the upper part of the water column in contrast to the inoceramids which are known to have been benthonic. Didymoceras, with isotopic compositions similar to those of benthonic inoceramids, also probably lived very close to the bottom. The heterogeneity of the stable-isotope compositions of these coeval benthonic and nektonic molluscs points to isotopically distinct, stratified, reservoirs within the seaway, much like those inferred for the older Claggett and Greenhorn seas. Causes of this stratification may have involved modification of bottom water through isotopic exchange reactions between the water and the sediments near or at the bottom of the sea. Relatively constant element/Ca ratios of nektonic baculitids indicate a stable chemical composition for the upper water column of the seaway. This suggests a low fresh-water influx, as indicated also by the stable-isotope compositions. Benthonic fossils have more variable compositions due partly to modification by pore waters derived from the sediments. Both nektonic and benthonic molluscs exhibit relatively high Ce/Ce* values ( -0. 16 to 0. 02 ), similar to the seawater in anoxic and dysoxic environments of modern oceans and seas. Therefore, the seaway was probably dysoxic in both its upper and bottom waters through most of the Bearpaw cycle. Low oxygen-level conditions are reflected by characteristics of the Bearpaw sedimentary rocks and fauna in general. With the seeming absence of brackish waters, dysoxia may account for the rarity of other normal, open ocean, invertebrate organisms

Isotope Data of Sumatra Squalls

This excel file contains the stable isotope data of the rain events in Singapore recorded by our instruments in 2015. Corresponding rain gauge data are also also include

Distinct chemical and stable isotope compositions of smectite formed during steaming of Clearwater Formation oil-sands from Cold Lake, Alberta

Chemical reactions between oil-sands and injected steam or steam condensate during cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), commonly used to mobilize heavy oil and bitumen, result in decomposition of pre-existing minerals and formation of new phases including clay minerals. These changes can reduce reservoir permeability and limit hydrocarbon recovery. In this study, the chemical and stable isotope compositions of berthierine and smectitic clay minerals contained in pre- and post-steam Clearwater Formation oil-sands from Cold Lake, Alberta were analyzed to investigate how these phases were affected by CSS. Berthierine abundance in the injection-zone decreased after steaming whereas the abundance of smectitic clay minerals increased. Pre- and post-steam berthierine exhibited the same range of chemical compositions, while those of pre- and post-steam smectitic clay minerals commonly differed. Some post-steam smectitic clay minerals from the steam injection-zone, in particular, contain significantly more Fe and Si but less Al than pre-steam samples. It is proposed that that berthierine contributed to the formation of new smectitic clay minerals during CCS through partial inheritance of the berthierine 1:1 structure. This inheritance model approximates the unique chemical compositions of the post-steam smectitic clay minerals. The model also helps to explain the incomplete oxygen and hydrogen isotope exchange between injection fluids and smectitic clay minerals formed during CSS.Ministry of Education (MOE)National Research Foundation (NRF)Published versionPartial financial support was also provided to SH by the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiativ

Redox Conditions of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway Recorded by REEs of Bearpaw Molluscan Fossils

Understanding the causes of the low biodiversity faunas in the Western Interior Seaway (WIS), overwhelmingly dominated by ammonite and bivalve molluscs, will help us to understand paleoenvironmental conditions in the WIS. In this study, we examined rare earth elements (REEs) in well-preserved molluscs from the Bearpaw Formation to reconstruct WIS redox conditions. Both nektonic and benthic molluscs share similar REE patterns with enrichment in light REEs. There is only a slight Ce depletion in both types of molluscs, indicating no significant fractionation of Ce from the other REEs. A lack of significant Ce anomalies in molluscs points to oxygen-deficient (probably dysoxic) conditions in the middle to bottom part of the water column where the molluscs lived. Given the general lack of significant Ce anomalies also in molluscs from older formations, oxygen deficiency was likely prevalent in the late Cretaceous in the WIS. A warmer climate in the Cretaceous is probably a driver of such conditions, as predicted by ocean models. Long-term oxygen deficiency and stratification, inferred from the heterogeneity in δ18O and δ13C values of molluscs, may also imply weak circulation, reducing the exchange of surface water and subsurface water, and the transport of oxygen into the WIS. The oxygen-deficiency and weak circulation of the seaway is also expressed in the general characteristics of faunas and possibly Bearpaw sedimentary rocks. Oxygen deficiency rather than the brackish-water conditions may have been largely responsible, therefore, for the low diversity of the WIS fauna.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

VARIATIONS IN STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS (δ 18 O AND δD) WITHIN A SINGLE RAIN EVENTS IN BENGKULU CITY

Pemantauan pada isotop stabil curah hujan di daerah tropis merupakan alat yang berguna untuk pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai siklus air. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memantau curah hujan dan mengevaluasi bagaimana isotop stabil curah hujan berubah dalam peristiwa hujan tunggal. Pengambilan sampel untuk penelitian ini telah dilakukan dari Desember 2015-Januari 2016 di salah satu lokasi di wilayah Kota Bengkulu, Indonesia. Sampel air hujan dianalisis secara bersamaan menggunakan Picarro analyzer L2140-i. Selama periode observasi, nilai-nilai δ 18 O bervariasi dari -11,52‰ ke -2,41‰, d en gan rata -rata -6,56‰. Demi kian p ula, nil ai -nilai δD bervari asi antara -75, 9‰ dan -14,2‰, dengan rata -rata -39,98‰. Nilai δ 18 O dan δD menggunakan notasi konvensional dengan standar Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). Nilai-nilai variasi δ 18 O selama hujan turun lebih banyak menampilkan pola berbentuk "V" dibandingkan dengan pola yang berbentuk “W ". P e rubah an nil ai δ 18 O selama hujan tunggal sekitar 1‰ atau kurang. Hubungan antara δ 18 O-δD untuk semua data peristiwa hujan yang telah diselidiki memiliki persamaan regresi linier δD = 7.6056 δ 18 O + 9.9363, yang dekat dengan Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi nilai-nilai δ 18 O sangat mi rip den gan yan g ada pad a δD, karena fraksinasi isotop yang mempengaruhi komposisi isotop curah hujan berlaku untuk kedua isotop. Pengamatan ini secara luas dapat dijelaskan dengan terus menerusnya pengurangan isotop menjadi air hujan menyebabkan nilai-nilai isotop yang tersisa semakin menipis. Pemantauan komposisi isotop stabil curah hujan secara terus menerus akan memberikan wawasan dalam proses yang mengendalikan isotop stabil dalam peristiwa hujan tunggal, dengan menambahkan beberapa parameter seperti banyaknya volume air hujan dan relative humidity (RH)

Stable Isotopes of Precipitation During Tropical Sumatra Squalls in Singapore

Sumatra Squalls, organized bands of thunderstorms, are the dominant mesoscale convective systems during the intermonsoon and southwest monsoon seasons in Singapore. To understand how they affect precipitation isotopes, we monitored the δ value of precipitation daily and continuously (every second and integrated over 30 s) during all squalls in 2015. We found that precipitation δ18O values mainly exhibit a “V”‐shape pattern and less commonly a “W”‐shape pattern. Variation in δ18O values during a single event is about 1 to 6‰ with the lowest values mostly observed in the stratiform zone, which agrees with previous observations and modeling simulations. Reevaporation can significantly affect δ values, especially in the last stage of the stratiform zone. Daily precipitation is characterized by periodic negative shifts in δ value, largely associated with the squalls rather than moisture source change. The shifts can be more than 10‰, larger than intraevent variation. Initial δ18O values of events are highly variable, and those with the lowest values also have the lowest initial values. Therefore, past convective activities in the upwind area can significantly affect the δ18O, and convection at the sampling site has limited contribution to isotopic variability. A significant correlation between precipitation δ18O value and regional outgoing longwave radiation and rainfall in the Asian monsoon region and western Pacific suggests that regional organized convection probably drives stable isotopic compositions of precipitation. A drop in the frequency of the squalls in 2015 is related to weak organized convection in the region caused by El Niño.NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore)MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)Published versio