Building quantum neural networks based on swap test

Artificial neural network, consisting of many neurons in different layers, is an important method to simulate humain brain. Usually, one neuron has two operations: one is linear, the other is nonlinear. The linear operation is inner product and the nonlinear operation is represented by an activation function. In this work, we introduce a kind of quantum neuron whose inputs and outputs are quantum states. The inner product and activation operator of the quantum neurons can be realized by quantum circuits. Based on the quantum neuron, we propose a model of quantum neural network in which the weights between neurons are all quantum states. We also construct a quantum circuit to realize this quantum neural network model. A learning algorithm is proposed meanwhile. We show the validity of learning algorithm theoretically and demonstrate the potential of the quantum neural network numerically.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figure

Decrease in inner retinal thickness at para- and perifoveal areas before vascular retinopathy in patients with metabolic risk factors

AbstractBackgroundHypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia are major risk factors for vascular retinopathy. The relationship between retinal thickness at the macular area and metabolic risk factors, as well as visual impairment, in elderly patients before developing vascular occlusion needs to be investigated.MethodsIn this prospective, case-control study, patients >60 years old, without objective visual threatened ocular diseases or systemic abnormalities, except for hypertension, dyslipidemia or/and hyperglycemia, were included for measurement of retinal thickness at the macular area by optical coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsFifty-four patients were analyzed; 11 patients had no metabolic risk factors, 16 had one, 17 had two, and 10 had three. There was no significant difference in age, and full and outer retinal thickness, but there was a significantly lower inner retinal thickness at the parafoveal (p = 0.0013) and perifoveal (p = 0.018) areas in patients with at least one metabolic risk factor. The superior (p = 0.040) and inferior (p = 0.046) inner retina at the perifovea and superior (p = 0.013) inner retinal thickness at the parafovea were sensitive to metabolic abnormalities. Only patients with three factors had significantly reduced best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ConclusionElderly patients with metabolic risk factors had decreased inner retinal thickness at the para- and perifoveal areas before retinal vascular diseases. Accelerated inner retinal degeneration occurred prior to visual impairment

Giant landslide displacement analysis using a point cloud set conflict technique: a case in Xishancun landslide, Sichuan, China

Landslides, threatening millions of human lives, are geological phenomena on earth, occurred frequently. An increasing number of techniques are being used to monitor landslide deformation. Among th..

Development of a Piezoelectric Vacuum Sensing Component for a Wide Pressure Range

In this study, we develop a clamped-clamped beam-type piezoelectric vacuum pressure sensing element. The clamped-clamped piezoelectric beam is composed of a PZT layer and a copper substrate. A pair of electrodes is set near each end. An input voltage is applied to a pair of electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric beam, and the output voltage is measured at the other pair. Because the viscous forces on the piezoelectric beam vary at different air pressures, the vibration of the beam depends on the vacuum pressure. The developed pressure sensor can sense a wide range of pressure, from 6.5 × 10(-6) to 760 Torr. The experimental results showed that the output voltage is inversely proportional to the gas damping ratio, and thus, the vacuum pressure was estimated from the output voltage

Anisotropic g factors of the tetragonal Cu²⁺ monomer in Tl-2223 superconductor

The gyromagnetic factors of the Cu²⁺ monomer in Tl-2223 superconductor are quantitatively investigated from the perturbation formulas of these factors for a 3d⁹ ion in a tetragonally elongated octahedron. The local tetragonal distortion of the system is attributable to the axial elongation along c axis, corresponding to the five-fold coordinated Cu²⁺(2) site with almost 30% longer Cu–O bond length for the apical oxygen as compared to the four planar ones. The significant anisotropic behaviors of the EPR spectra perpendicular to and parallel with the ab (CuO₂) layers are analyzed on the basis of the local tetragonal elongation