Development of Feature Recognition Algorithm for Automated Identification of Duplicate Geometries in CAD Models

This research presents a feature recognition algorithm for the automated identification of duplicate geometries in the CAD assembly. The duplicate geometry is one of the seven indicators of the lazy parts mass reduction method. The lazy parts method is a light weight engineering method that is used for analyzing parts with the mass reduction potential. The duplicate geometry is defined as any geometries lying equal to or within the threshold distance with the user-defined orientation between them and have the percentage similarity that is equal to or greater than the threshold value. The feature recognition system developed in this research for the identification of duplicate geometries is also extended to retrieve the weighted bipartite graph of part connections for the assembly time estimation. The weighted bipartite graph is used as input for the part connectivity based assembly time estimation method. The SolidWorks API software development kit is used in this research to develop a feature recognition system in SolidWorks CAD software package using C++ programming language. The feature recognition system built in the SolidWorks CAD software uses a combination of topology and geometric data for the evaluation of duplicate geometry. The measurement of distances between the sampling points strategy is used for the duplicate geometry feature recognition. The feature recognition algorithm has three phases of evaluation: first, is the evaluation for threshold distance condition of parts in the CAD assembly. Second, the part pairs that have satisfied the threshold distance condition are evaluated for the orientation condition. The threshold distance and orientation are the necessary but not the sufficient conditions for duplicate geometries. In the third phase, the geometries that have satisfied orientation condition are evaluated for the percentage similarity condition. The geometries that satisfy the percentage similarity condition are highlighted in order to help designers review the results of the duplicate geometry analysis. The test cases are used to validate the algorithm against the requirements list. The test cases are designed to check the performance of the algorithm for the evaluation of the threshold distance, orientation, and percentage similarity condition. The results indicate that the duplicate geometry algorithm is able to successfully conduct all the three phases of evaluation. The algorithm is independent of the geometric type and is able to analyze planar, cylindrical, conical, spherical, freeform, and toroidal shapes. The number of sampling points generated on the faces of parts for the orientation and percentage similarity evaluation has the significant effect on the analysis time. The worst case complexity of the algorithm is the big O (nC2x m12 x m22x p4), where n = the number of parts in the assembly m1 = the number of faces in the parts that meet the threshold distance condition m2 = the number of faces that meet the orientation condition p = the number of sampling points on the face The duplicate geometry feature recognition approach is used to demonstrate the applicability in the extraction of assembly relations for the part connectivity based assembly time estimation method. The algorithm is also able to extract part connectivity information for the patterns. Further research is required to automate the identification of other laziness indicators in order to make the lazy parts method a completely automated tool. With regards to the complete automation of part connectivity based assembly time estimation method, the duplicate geometry feature recognition system needs integration with the algorithm for the computation of bipartite graph of part connections for the prediction of assembly time

Performance Evolution of Face and Speech Recognition system using DTCWT and MFCC Features

Every activity in day-to-day life is required the need of mechanized automation for ensuring the security. The biometrics security system provides the automatic recognition of human by overcoming the traditional recognition methods like Password, Personal Identification Number and ID cards etc. The face recognition is a wide research with many applications. In the proposed work face recognition is carried out using DTCWT (Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform) integrated with predominant QFT (Quick Fourier Transform) and speech recognition is carried out using MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) algorithm. The distance formula is used for matching the test features and database features of the face and speech images. Performance variables such as EER, FRR, FAR and TSR are evaluated for person recognitio

Seafarer Abandonment and Vessel’s Flag State Role Analysis

Seafarers work in an environment of hardship and isolation. Abandonment is one of the major challenges faced by seafarers onboard vessels. Abandonment of seafarers broadly refers to the act of unilateral severance of ties by the shipowner with the seafarers’ onboard ship, whereby the shipowner causes a breach of fundamental obligations owed towards seafarers. Abandonment is one of the shady practices of the shipping industry, where seafarers are subjected to cruel, inhuman, and life-threatening conditions. For the last two decades, ILO and IMO have been working together to develop a legal framework to protect abandoned seafarers. As per the data on abandonment available on ILO Database, in the year 2020, more than 1200 seafarers were abandoned.These figures raise serious questions regarding the effectiveness of the present legal regime in resolving the abandonment situations. Legally speaking abandoned seafarer has plenty of avenues to seek assistance. They can approach flag state, port state, state of nationality, or seek relief through admiralty courts. In addition to these, the abandoned seafarer can also approach financial security provider for abandonment, the provisions related to which were added in MLC, 2006 by 2014 amendments. As the problem of abandonment constantly persists in the shipping sector, and the time taken to resolve the situation is often very long, the present paper will assess the flag state\u27s role in protecting abandoned seafarers. The challenges that the flag state has to face in discharge its responsibilities towards abandoned seafarers have also been discussed in the Paper

Assessment of Role of Admiralty Courts in India in Protecting Abandoned Seafarers Onboard Vessels in Indian Ports

The present study will discuss the role of admiralty courts in India in protecting abandoned seafarers. Judgments and orders of Admiralty courts are analyzed to decipher the approach adopted by Indian admiralty courts for protecting abandoned seafarers in Indian Ports. Furthermore, it is seen how much time Admiralty Courts in India usually take to judicially auction the vessel in cases where the vessel under arrest has an abandoned crew onboard. Several suggestions are made on how Admiralty courts in India can better protect abandoned seafarers by using the existing legal regime. The study is doctrinal. A significant data source for the study comprises Judgments and orders from Indian Admiralty courts involving abandoned seafarers. In particular, five specific instances where seafarer abandonment was reported on the vessel are assessed, and all of these cases were litigated in the Indian Admiralty court. From work, it can be seen that Admiralty courts in India have played a crucial role in protecting the abandoned seafarers in Indian Ports. Courts have come out as a guardian of seafarers, and it was only due to the intervention of the courts that the seafarers, in numerous cases, were able to recover pending wages, repatriation expenses, and necessities onboard the vessel. Furthermore, it is found from the analysis of case laws that the time the court takes for judicially auctioning the vessel is much longer than the maximum period specified in the Admiralty Act, 2017. From the study, it can be concluded that although Admiralty courts in India have played an important role in protecting abandoned seafarers in Indian ports, still, there is a need for some changes, which include speedy disposal of admiralty litigations in India

Assessing the Effectiveness of the National Human Rights Commission, India, vis-à-vis the Paris Principles Relating to the Status of National Human Rights Institutions

National Human Rights Institutions (NHRI) play an important role in monitoring and promoting international human rights norms in a country. However, in order to function as an effective NHRI, they must adhere to the “Paris Principles” of 1993. In 2023 the Indian NHRI prepares to renew its ’A’ grade accreditation. This offers an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the institution in light of the aforementioned Principles. In doing so the authors address both the limitations that hinder the NHRI’s performance and the remedies. Notably, the role of “District Human Rights Courts”, in supporting the NHRI in enhancing its effectiveness

USER INTERFACE DESIGN FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE NETWORK ELEMENTS USING DOJO

This paper focuses on the design of the user interface for managing network elements using dojo. Dojo is an open source java script toolkit which is used for constructing dynamic web user interfaces. Here we are designing the user interface for the management of the network elements in a optical management system .User can see the tree list of all the network elements and network element hierarchy and will be able to access on any network element and view the details and status of it and perform provisioning operations on it. It also provides various user forms and tabular representation of the network elements. Dojo is more efficient than the JavaScript and HTML in terms of security, cross platform support and providing dynamism. Dojo saves the time and scales with the development process, using web standards as its platform

Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin Removal and the Effect on the Biochemical Composition of Chlorella vulgaris

Antibiotics are frequently detected in the aquatic environment due to their excessive usage and low-efficiency removal in wastewater treatment plants. This can provide the origin to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes in the microbial community, with considerable ecotoxicity to the environment. Among the antibiotics, the occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and amoxicillin (AMX) has been detected in various water matrices at different concentrations around the Earth. They are designated as emerging contaminants (ECs). Microalga Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) has been extensively employed in phycoremediation studies for its acclimatization property, non-target organisms for antibiotics, and the production of value-added bioproducts utilizing the nutrients from the wastewater. In this study, C. vulgaris medium was spiked with 5 mg/L of CIP and AMX, and investigated for its growth-stimulating effects, antibiotic removal capabilities, and its effects on the biochemical composition of algal cells compared to the control medium for 7 days. The results demonstrated that C. vulgaris adapted the antibiotic spiked medium and removed CIP (37 +/- 2%) and AMX (25 +/- 3%), respectively. The operating mechanisms were bioadsorption, followed by bioaccumulation, and biodegradation, with an increase in cell density up to 46 +/- 3% (CIP) and 36 +/- 4% (AMX), compared to the control medium. Further investigations revealed that, in the CIP stress-induced algal medium, an increase in major photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a (30%) and biochemical composition (lipids (50%), carbohydrates (32%), and proteins (65%)) was observed, respectively, compared to the control medium. In the AMX stress-induced algal medium, increases in chlorophyll-a (22%), lipids (46%), carbohydrates (45%), and proteins (49%) production were observed compared to the control medium. Comparing the two different stress conditions and considering that CIP is more toxic than AMX, this study provided insights on the photosynthetic activity and biochemical composition of C. vulgaris during the stress conditions and the response of algae towards the specific antibiotic stress. The current study confirmed the ability of C. vulgaris to adapt, bioadsorb, bioaccumulate, and biodegrade emerging contaminants. Moreover, the results showed that C. vulgaris is not only able to remove CIP and AMX from the medium but also can increase the production of valuable biomass usable in the production of various bioproducts

Remediation of Metal/Metalloid-Polluted Soils: A Short Review

The contamination of soil by heavy metals and metalloids is a worldwide problem due to the accumulation of these compounds in the environment, endangering human health, plants, and animals. Heavy metals and metalloids are normally present in nature, but the rise of industrialization has led to concentrations higher than the admissible ones. They are non-biodegradable and toxic, even at very low concentrations. Residues accumulate in living beings and become dangerous every time they are assimilated and stored faster than they are metabolized. Thus, the potentially harmful effects are due to persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation in the organisms, and toxicity. The severity of the effect depends on the type of heavy metal or metalloid. Indeed, some heavy metals (e.g., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) at very low concentrations are essential for living organisms, while others (e.g., Cd, Pb, and Hg) are nonessential and are toxic even in trace amounts. It is important to monitor the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in the environment and adopt methods to remove them. For this purpose, various techniques have been developed over the years: physical remediation (e.g., washing, thermal desorption, solidification), chemical remediation (e.g., adsorption, catalysis, precipitation/solubilization, electrokinetic methods), biological remediation (e.g., biodegradation, phytoremediation, bioventing), and combined remediation (e.g., electrokinetic-microbial remediation; washing–microbial degradation). Some of these are well known and used on a large scale, while others are still at the research level. The main evaluation factors for the choice are contaminated site geology, contamination characteristics, cost, feasibility, and sustainability of the applied process, as well as the technology readiness level. This review aims to give a picture of the main techniques of heavy metal removal, also giving elements to assess their potential hazardousness due to their concentrations

Detection of Runway and Obstacles using Electro-optical and Infrared Sensors before Landing

For safe aircraft operations, detection of runway incursions especially during landing and takeoff is essential. And it is important that such detection technique is capable of detecting the distant objects so that pilot has enough response time to take corrective action. This paper presents techniques to detect runway and runway incursions using electro-optical color camera and medium wave infrared sensor on-board the aircraft during approach for landing. The detection process consists of horizon detection to reduce runway search space in sensor image and then detect runway and obstacles. The information is then presented to the pilot to improve pilot situational awareness. The performance of the proposed techniques are evaluated in flight simulators with simulated images of electro-optical and infrared sensors on-board the aircraft during approach for landing at a distance of 3 nautical miles from runway threshold during day/night and in low visibility CAT II foggy conditions. Effectiveness of the techniques with statistics of runway detection, miss detection and false alarm for different case studies have been provided and discussed.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 1, January 2014, DOI:10.14429/dsj.64.276