Modificación enzimática de fosfatidilcolina con n-3 PUFA a partir de ácidos grasos de aceites de gusanos de seda

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) was prepared by an enzymatic method employing natural substrates comprising of egg and eri silkworm oil. Eri silkworm oil extracted from eri pupae was saponified to obtain the fatty acid mixture which was further subjected to urea complexation to obtain an ALA rich fraction with a purity of about 93%. Transesterification of PC with the ALA rich fraction with three immobilized lipases namely Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM IM and lipase from Candida Antarcticaz showed that only the lipase from Candida antarctica was successful for the incorporation of ALA into egg yolk PC. It was found that ALA was incorporated by up to 27% in the sn-1 position of egg PC and the positional distribution analysis of fatty acids in the modified PC showed that the sn-1 position was found to contain about 59% ALA.El ácido α-linolénico (ALA) contenido en fosfatidilcolina (PC) se preparó mediante un método enzimático empleando sustratos naturales que comprenden huevo y aceite de gusanos de seda. El aceite extraído de las crisálidas de gusanos de seda se saponificó para obtener la mezcla de ácidos grasos que se sometió a complejación con urea para obtener la fracción rica en ALA, con una pureza aproximadamente del 93%. La transesterificación de PC con fracción rica en ALA con tres lipasas inmovilizadas, Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM IM y lipasa de Candida antárctica, mostró que sólo la lipasa de Candida antarctica tuvo éxito en la incorporación de ALA en PC de yema de huevo. Se encontró que el ALA fue incorporado hasta 27% en la posición sn-1 de PC de huevo y el análisis de la distribución de los ácidos grasos en PC modificado mostró que la posición sn-1 que contenía aproximadamente 59% de ALA

Enzymatic modification of phosphatidylcholine with n-3 PUFA from silkworm oil fatty acids

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) was prepared by an enzymatic method employing natural substrates comprising of egg and eri silkworm oil. Eri silkworm oil extracted from eri pupae was saponified to obtain the fatty acid mixture which was further subjected to urea complexation to obtain an ALA rich fraction with a purity of about 93%. Transesterification of PC with the ALA rich fraction with three immobilized lipases namely Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM IM and lipase from <em>Candida Antarcticaz</em> showed that only the lipase from <em>Candida antarctica</em> was successful for the incorporation of ALA into egg yolk PC. It was found that ALA was incorporated by up to 27% in the <em>sn</em>-1 position of egg PC and the positional distribution analysis of fatty acids in the modified PC showed that the <em>sn</em>-1 position was found to contain about 59% ALA.<br><br>El ácido α-linolénico (ALA) contenido en fosfatidilcolina (PC) se preparó mediante un método enzimático empleando sustratos naturales que comprenden huevo y aceite de gusanos de seda. El aceite extraído de las crisálidas de gusanos de seda se saponificó para obtener la mezcla de ácidos grasos que se sometió a complejación con urea para obtener la fracción rica en ALA, con una pureza aproximadamente del 93%. La transesterificación de PC con fracción rica en ALA con tres lipasas inmovilizadas, Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme RM IM y lipasa de Candida antárctica, mostró que sólo la lipasa de Candida antarctica tuvo éxito en la incorporación de ALA en PC de yema de huevo. Se encontró que el ALA fue incorporado hasta 27% en la posición sn-1 de PC de huevo y el análisis de la distribución de los ácidos grasos en PC modificado mostró que la posición sn-1 que contenía aproximadamente 59% de ALA

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and characterization of 1-butanoyl-2-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, a potential lipidic prodrug of butyric acid.

1-Butanoyl-2-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was synthesized from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and butyric acid using a lipase catalyzed transesterification in toluene at controlled water activity. A high fatty acid concentration and low water activity were essential for the enzymatic synthesis. The transesterification resulted in 97.3% incorporation of butyric acid in the sn-1 position with negligible incorporation in the sn-2-position. In mixtures with water, a liquid crystalline phase was formed in equilibrium with a micellar phase. The prepared phospholipid derivative could find applications as a lipidic anticancer prodrug of butyric acid

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Not AvailableSafflower, a multipurpose crop, has been grown for centuries in India for the orange-red dye (carthamin) extracted from its colored flowers and for its quality oil. The seed oil of this oilseed crop is enriched in linoleic acid is grown mainly in Rabi season under receding soil moisture conditions. Safflower petals are rich source of antioxidants due to presence of several bioactive compounds. Petal decoction is a popular drink due to presence of antioxidants and essential fatty acid. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the oil content and fatty acid profile of safflower petals. Safflower petals (20 g) were extracted using soxhlet extraction apparatus with hexane as solvent. The crude extract was analyzed by TLC and small amount of material was converted to fatty acid methyl esters using 2% 3 rd International Conference on “Global Initiative in Agricultural, Forestry and Applied Sciences for Food Security, Environmental Safety and Sustainable Development (GIAFAS-2021)” 349 October 17-18, 2021 ISBN 978-93-5419-016-2 sulphuric acid in methanol reagent. The analysis of methyl esters was carried out using Gas Chromatograph Agilent 6890 series equipped with flame ionization detector. TLC analysis showed that safflower petal extract does not contain triglycerides. Palmitic (20.2%), oleic (11.1%), linoleic (10%) and linolenic (9.2 %) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the hexane extract. 26.7% of non-fatty acid components were present in the hexane extract. Based on GC-MS analysis, it was found that they were hydrocarbons. Results suggest that safflower petals do not contain oil. Petal extract is rich in essential fatty acid.ICA

Enzymatic Synthesis of Lipophilic Rutin and Vanillyl Esters from Fish Byproducts.

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of lipophilic phenolic antioxidants was carried out with a concentrate of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), recovered from oil extracted from salmon ( Salmon salar ) byproduct. Vanillyl alcohol and rutin were selected for the esterification reaction, and obtained esters yields were 60 and 30%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the esters were compared with those of commercial butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol using DPPH radical scavenging and thiobarbituric acid assays. In the DPPH assay, rutin esters showed better activity than vanillyl esters, and on the contrary in lipophilic medium, vanillyl esters were found to be superior to rutin esters. In bulk oil system, the antioxidant activities of rutin and vanillyl derivatives were lower than that of BHT and α-tocopherol, but in emulsion, they showed better activity than α-tocopherol. By attaching to natural phenolics, the PUFAs are protected against oxidation, and PUFA improves the hydrophobicity of the phenolic, which could enhance its function in lipid systems

Se-MAG Is a Convenient Additive for Experimental Phasing and Structure Determination of Membrane Proteins Crystallised by the Lipid Cubic Phase (In Meso) Method

Both intensity and phase information are needed for structure determination by macromolecular X-ray crystallography. The diffraction experiment provides intensities. Phases must be accessed indirectly by molecular replacement, or by experimental phasing. A popular method for crystallising membrane proteins employs a lipid cubic mesophase (the in meso method). Monoolein is the most popular lipid for in meso crystallisation. Invariably, the lipid co-crystallises with the protein recapitulating the biomembrane from whence it came. We reasoned that such a lipid bearing a heavy atom could be used for experimental phasing. In this study, we replaced half the monoolein in the mesophase with a seleno-labelled analogue (Se-MAG), which has a selenium atom in the fatty acyl chain of the lipid. The lipid mixture formed the cubic mesophase and grew crystals by the in meso method of the alginate transporter, AlgE, and the lipoprotein N-acyltransferase, Lnt. Se-MAGs co-crystallised with both proteins and were used to obtain phases for high-resolution structure determination by the selenium single-wavelength anomalous diffraction method. The use of such a mixed lipid system may prove to be a general strategy for the experimental phasing part of crystallographic structure determination of membrane proteins that crystallise via the in meso method

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of undecenoic acid-based oxime esters

1015-1022A series of undecenoic acid-based aldoxime esters have been synthesized using various substituted benzaldehydes and undecenoic acid. These oxime esters have been evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HeLa, B16-F10, SKOV3, MCF7 and CHO-K1 normal cell line using MTT assay. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit cytotoxicity. Particularly, 2,3-dimethoxy (IC50 value 12.48µM) and 3-methoxy (IC50 value 13.58µM) derivatives exhibit promising activities against SKOV3 cell lines. All the synthesized compounds are non-toxic towards the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) normal cell line

Synthesis and evaluation of anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of novel 10-undecenoic acid methyl ester based lipoconjugates of phenolic acids

The synthesis of five novel methyl 10-undecenoate-based lipoconjugates of phenolic acids from undecenoic acid was carried out. Undecenoic acid was methylated to methyl 10-undecenoate which was subjected to a thiol–ene reaction with cysteamine hydrochloride. Further amidation of the amine was carried out with different phenolic acids such as caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, coumaric and cinnamic acid. All synthesized compounds were fully characterized and their structures were confirmed by spectral data. The anti-oxidant activity of the synthesized lipoconjugates of phenolic acids was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and also by the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation in micellar medium by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The prepared compounds were also screened for their cytotoxic activity against five cell lines. It was observed that the lipoconjugates of caffeic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid displayed anticancer and anti-oxidant properties. The anticancer properties of these derivatives have been assessed by their IC50 inhibitory values in the proliferation of MDA-MB231, SKOV3, MCF7, DU 145 and HepG2 cancer cell lines