RW Aur A from the X-Wind Point of View: General Features

In this paper, the RW Aur A microjet is studied from the point of view of X-wind models. The archived HST/STIS spectra of optical forbidden lines [O I], [S II], and [N II] from RW Aur A, taken in Cycle 8 with seven parallel slits along the jet axis, spaced at 0".07 apart, were analyzed. Images, position-velocity diagrams, and line ratios among the species were constructed, and compared with synthetic observations generated by selected solutions of the X-wind. Prominent features arising in a steady state X-wind could be identified within the convolved images, full-widths at half maxima and high-velocity peaks on both of the redshifted and blueshifted jets. The well-known asymmetric velocity profiles of the opposite jets are built into the selected models. We discuss model selections within the existing uncertainties of stellar parameters and inclination angle of the system. In this framework, the mass-loss rates that were inferred to be decreasing along the jet axis in the literature are the results of slowly decreasing excitation conditions and electron density profiles. Despite the apparent asymmetry in terminal velocities, line intensities and mass-loss rates, the average linear momenta from the opposite sides of the jet are actually balanced. These previously hard-to-explain features of the asymmetric RW Aur A jet system now find a different but self-consistent interpretation within the X-wind framework.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ (Send correspondence to: [email protected]

CP Violation and Extra Dimensions

It is shown that the new sources of CP violation can be generated in the models with more than one extra dimensions. In the supersymmetric models on the space-time $M^4\times T^2/Z_2$, where the radius moduli have auxiliary vacuum expectation values and the supersymmetry breaking is mediated by the Kaluza-Klein states of gauge supermultiplets, we analyze the gaugino masses and trilinear couplings for two scenarios and obtain that there exist relative CP violating phases among the gaugino masses and trilinear couplings.Comment: Latex, 7 page

Transport of First Rocks of The Solar System by X-winds

It has been suggested that chondrules and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) were formed at the inner edge of the protoplanetary disk and then entrained in magnetocentrifugal X-winds. We study trajectories of such solid bodies with the consideration of the central star gravity, the protoplanetary disk gravity, and the gas drag of the wind. The efficiency of the gas drag depends on a parameter $\eta$, which is the product of the solid body size and density. We find that the gravity of the protoplanetary disk has a non-negligible effect on the trajectories. If a solid body re-enters the flared disk, the re-entering radius depends on the stellar magnetic dipole moment, the disk's gravity, the parameter $\eta$, and the initial launching angle. The disk's gravity can make the re-entering radius lower by up to 30%. We find a threshold $\eta$, denoted as $\eta_t$, for any particular configuration of the X-wind, below which the solid bodies will be expelled from the planetary system. $\eta_t$ sensitively depends on the initial launching angle, and also depends on the mass of the disk. Only the solid bodies with a $\eta$ larger than but very close to $\eta_t$ can be launched to a re-entering radius larger than 1 AU. This size-sorting effect may explain why chondrules come with a narrow range of sizes within each chondritic class. In general, the size distributions of CAIs and chondrules in chondrites can be determined from the initial size distribution as well as the distribution over the initial launching angle.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Rare decay B→Xsl+l−B\to X_sl^+l^- in a CP spontaneously broken two Higgs doublet model

The Higgs boson mass spectrum and couplings of neutral Higgs bosons to fermions are worked out i n a CP spontaneously broken two Higgs doublet model in the large tan$\beta$ case. The differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, CP asymmetry and lepton polarization for $B\to X_s l^+ l^-$ are computed. It is shown that effects of neutral Higgs bosons are quite significant when $\tan\beta$ is large. Especially, the CP violating normal polarization $P_N$ can be as large as several percents.Comment: 27 pages, text updated, new numerical results include