Microwave-assisted spectroscopy of spin defect centers in silicon carbide

To summarize this entire thesis, MW-assisted spectroscopy has been proposed as a promising approach to investigate the optical properties of VSi and VV spin defects in 4H- and 6H-SiC. The MW-assisted spectroscopy has enabled to separate the spectrally overlapped contribution of different types of defects. From a PL spectrum containing no overlapping spectral contributions of other defects, the local vibrational mode of all measured VSi and VV in 4H- and 6H-SiC has been found along with the phonon energy and DW factor. The interaction of local vibrational modes with point defects has allowed to understand the spin, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of these defects. In the investigation of V2 in 4H-SiC, a perfect agreement between the experimental data and theoretical calculation have been obtained. The MW-assisted spectra measured at different resonant frequencies associated with the same defect have been found to reveal the same vibrational mode and DW factor. Furthermore, some new ODMR lines to certain defects have been assigned, which have never been reported before. From the investigation of the V2 VSi in 6H-SiC, it has been found that the temperature does not have a clear influence on the DW factor, but high-fluence electron irradiation has been shown to decrease the DW factor. In the polarization investigation, it has been found that in 6H-SiC, V1 possesses no polarization, V2 shows a strong E||c-axis polarization, while V3 exhibits a strong E⊥c-axis polarization. It has also been demonstrated that the temperature and the orientation of the excitation laser have no influence on the photon polarization. In short, this thesis has demonstrated that MW-assisted spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate a large number of spin defects in wide-bandgap semiconducting materials

Uncover the cause of cell carcinogenesis from the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的  用“内环境生物电能稳态”的新观点探讨并揭开肿瘤形成的原因。目前肿瘤病原学研究认为癌基因突变导致细胞癌变，并且也找到了很多癌基因。但是，正常情况下癌基因是被控制住的，是不发生作用的；生活在同等环境、条件下的人们并不都患癌症。这就告诉我们在基因突变之前一定还有一个基本因素、基本条件，细胞、细胞核在这个基本因素、基本条件下易于出现基因突变现象。这个基本因素、基本条件就是组织细胞本身“内环境生物电能稳态”或“状态稳态”的严重失衡。方法  通过引出“内环境生物电能稳态”概念推导出组织细胞首先出现中医所讲的严重“气滞血瘀”，长期、持续性的气滞血瘀导致：⑴组织细胞生理性毒素排出困难，导致细胞中毒；⑵组织细胞功能受到严重抑制，导致线粒体功能受到抑制，有氧氧化产生的ATP含量不足，糖酵解过程增强，这种环境适合基因突变、细胞癌变；⑶组织细胞出现严重“气虚”，细胞膜电位、细胞核核膜电位降低，细胞核内容积电场强度降低，对染色体内基因形成的生物电磁效应降低，控制基因的能力下降，导致不该发生或被抑制的基因活性增强，出现癌基因突变，细胞癌变现象。结论  组织细胞在长期、持续性“气滞血瘀”基础上出现细胞核严重“气虚”现象是导致基因突变的基本因素、基本条件。化解气滞血瘀是预防基因突变和细胞癌变的重要措施；解除组织细胞“气虚”，恢复组织细胞“内环境生物电能稳态”是控制癌症生长和防止癌变组织功能衰竭、恶液质形成和减少死亡率的最为有效措施。所以，中医将在预防和治疗癌症领域开辟出一个新的领域并作出巨大贡献。Objective: To explore the causes of the formation of tumors from new thoughts of “internal environment biological electrical energy homeostasis”. At present, it is believed that cell malignant transformation results from cancer gene mutation, and a lot of cancer genes have been found. However, the cancer gene is under control under normal circumstances, imposing no effect. People living in the same environment and conditions are not suffering from cancer. In that case, there must be a basic factor, such as the cell, the cell nucleus, tending to gene mutation under basic condition, which contributes to the serious imbalance of “steady state of internal environment biological energy” or “steady-state conditions” of the histiocytic cells. Methods: To unveil the appearance of “qi stagnation and blood stasis" among tissue cells by eliciting the concept of “energy homeostasis of the internal environment”. Serious long-term and persistent qi stagnation and blood stasis potentially lead to the following syndromes: ⑴difficulties to eliminate physiological toxin toxins from histological cells, resulting in cell intoxication; ⑵ the inhibition of mitochondrial function, followed by the lack of ATP content in aerobic oxidation, as well as enhanced process of fermentation occurs when the function of tissue cells is severely impeded, which is suitable for gene mutation and cell carcinogenesis; ⑶Severe Qi deficiency of tissue cells made cell membrane potential, nuclear membrane potential decreased, and reducing the volume of electric field strength within the nucleus. Therefore, the biological electromagnetic effect on the formation of chromosome is decreased, and the ability to control gene declined as well, which leads to the enhancement of gene activity, cancer gene mutation, and cell malignant transformation. Conclusion: Qi deficiency of cell nucleus due to long-term, persistent stagnation of histological cells provides a basic factor and condition of gene mutation. To resolve blood stasis is an important method to prevent gene mutation and carcinogenesis. The most effective measures to control cancer growth and prevent cancerous tissue function failure, and reduce the mortality of cancer growth and prevention are to remove the "Qi Deficiency" of tissue cells and to restore the "internal environment and biological electric energy homeostasis". Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine makes great contribution to the prevention and treatment of cancer by providing new clue.

Radial glia regulate Cajal–Retzius cell positioning in the early embryonic cerebral cortex

AbstractThe organization of neocortex, along its radial axis, into a six-layered structure is one of the most exquisite features of the brain. Because of their strategic localization in the marginal zone, and their expression of reelin, a signal that controls spatial ordering of cortical layers, Cajal–Retzius (C-R) cells play a crucial role in cortical patterning along this axis. Yet, it remains less well understood how C-R cell targeting itself is regulated. At the onset of corticogenesis when C-R cells first arrive in the cortex via tangential migration, radial glia (RG) are the main cell type present. This suggests that RG may play a role in C-R cell localization. To test this, we used genetic approaches to perturb RG scaffold during early corticogenesis. We found that disrupting RG endfoot adhesion to basal lamina consistently results in C-R cell displacement. These displacements do not appear to result from primary defects in neural progenitor cell proliferation, deficits in the meninges or basement membrane, or cell autonomous defects in C-R cells. Instead, they show close temporal and spatial correlation with RG endfoot retraction. Moreover, ablation of RG via cell cycle blockade similarly results in local displacement of C-R cells. These lines of evidence thus indicate that, during early corticogenesis, RG play a primary role in regulating spatial targeting of C-R cells. Since RG are also neural progenitors as well as neuronal migration scaffolds, these findings suggest that, during nervous system development, neuroepithelial stem cells may not only be responsible for generating a diverse array of neuronal cell types and facilitating their radial migration. They may also, through regulating the placement of guidepost cells, coordinate spatial patterning of the nervous system along its radial axis

A double-decomposition based parallel exact algorithm for the feedback length minimization problem

Product development projects usually contain many interrelated activities with complex information dependences, which induce activity rework, project delay and cost overrun. To reduce negative impacts, scheduling interrelated activities in an appropriate sequence is an important issue for project managers. This study develops a double-decomposition based parallel branch-and-prune algorithm, to determine the optimal activity sequence that minimizes the total feedback length (FLMP). This algorithm decomposes FLMP from two perspectives, which enables the use of all available computing resources to solve subproblems concurrently. In addition, we propose a result-compression strategy and a hash-address strategy to enhance this algorithm. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm can find the optimal sequence for FLMP up to 27 activities within 1 hour, and outperforms state of the art exact algorithms.Comment: This paper has been accepted by PeerJ Computer Science on August 28, 202

Influencing Lenders’ Repeat Investment Intention in P2P Lending Platforms in China through Signaling

Repeated investments by lenders are critical for the survival and success of an online P2P lending platform. Lenders’ trust in a platform influences their investment decisions. This study explores the impact of trust and its antecedents on lender investment intention in online P2P lending platforms. An online survey of 358 active P2P lenders on several leading online P2P lending platforms in China was conducted. Empirical results suggest that lender trust in a platform has a strong influence upon both perceived risk and investment intention. Furthermore, the results show that top management team heterogeneity, reputation, and quality of the platform have significant effects on lender trust. Both theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed

糖尿病的病因分析

To explore the formation of diabetes mellitus from a new view of "internal environment of the organism". "Internal environment" is an important factor of internal environment homeostasis, which reflects the normal function of the cells. The appearance of abnormal function is the common cause of the pathological changes and the physiological changes of various tissues and cells, and it also accounts for the formation of diabetes mellitus.用“内环境生物电能稳态”的新观点探讨糖尿病形成的原因。“内环境生物电能稳态”是内环境稳态的重要内容，它反映出组织细胞功能状态的正常与否，功能状态的异常是导致各种组织细胞病理变化和病理生理改变的共同原因；同时也是糖尿病形成的根本病因