Association of antioxidants use with the risk of dementia among community-dwelling adults in the United Kingdom biobank

BackgroundData regarding the association between antioxidant supplementation and incident dementia are limited.MethodsWe included 494,632 adults (54.5% females) aged 40–71 years at baseline from the United Kingdom Biobank in the final analysis. Incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient and death records up to January 2021.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 7,128 new cases of all-cause dementia, 2,772 cases of Alzheimer’s disease, and 1,397 cases of vascular dementia were recorded. The hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident dementia associated with zinc supplementation was 0.84 (0.74–0.96), and the association remained significant after adjusting for all confounders (0.84 (0.74–0.96)). In the full model, zinc supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease [HR (95% CI): 0.71 (0.57–0.88)]. There was no significant association between zinc supplementation and the risk of vascular dementia. No significant associations with incident dementia were observed for other antioxidant supplementation. The association between zinc supplementation and incident dementia was significant among individuals with [HR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.15–0.77)] and without cataract [0.87 (0.77–0.99)] but it was stronger among those with cataract (p value for interaction = 0.0271).ConclusionOur findings suggest that zinc supplementation may help reduce the risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in middle-aged or older adults, especially among those with cataracts

Clinical Study The Association of Weight Status with Physical Fitness among Chinese Children

Objective. To investigate the association of weight status with physical fitness among Chinese children. Methods. A total of 6929 children aged 6-12 years were selected from 15 primary schools of 5 provincial capital cities in eastern China. The height and fasting body weight were measured. The age-, sex-specific BMI WHO criteria was used to define underweight, overweight and obesity. Physical fitness parameters including standing broad jump, 50 m sprint, and 50 m * 8 shuttle run were tested. Results. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 3.1%, 14.9%, and 7.8%, respectively. Boys performed better than girls, and the older children performed better than their younger counterparts for all physical fitness tests. No significant difference in all three physical fitness tests were found between children with underweight and with normal weight, and they both performed better than their counterparts with overweight and obese in all three physical fitness tests. The likelihood of achieving good performance was much lower among overweight and obese children in comparison with their counterparts with normal weight (OR = 0.13-0.54). Conclusions. An inverse association of obesity with cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle explosive strength, and speed was identified among Chinese children

The nutrition-based comprehensive intervention study on childhood obesity in China (NISCOC): a randomised cluster controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Childhood obesity and its related metabolic and psychological abnormalities are becoming serious health problems in China. Effective, feasible and practical interventions should be developed in order to prevent the childhood obesity and its related early onset of clinical cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this paper is to describe the design of a multi-centred random controlled school-based clinical intervention for childhood obesity in China. The secondary objective is to compare the cost-effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention strategy with two other interventions, one only focuses on nutrition education, the other only focuses on physical activity.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The study is designed as a multi-centred randomised controlled trial, which included 6 centres located in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shandong province, Heilongjiang province and Guangdong province. Both nutrition education (special developed carton style nutrition education handbook) and physical activity intervention (Happy 10 program) will be applied in all intervention schools of 5 cities except Beijing. In Beijing, nutrition education intervention will be applied in 3 schools and physical activity intervention among another 3 schools. A total of 9750 primary students (grade 1 to grade 5, aged 7-13 years) will participate in baseline and intervention measurements, including weight, height, waist circumference, body composition (bioelectrical impendence device), physical fitness, 3 days dietary record, physical activity questionnaire, blood pressure, plasma glucose and plasma lipid profiles. Data concerning investments will be collected in our study, including costs in staff training, intervention materials, teachers and school input and supervising related expenditure.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Present study is the first and biggest multi-center comprehensive childhood obesity intervention study in China. Should the study produce comprehensive results, the intervention strategies would justify a national school-based program to prevent childhood obesity in China.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Chinese clinical trial registry (Primary registry in the WHO registry network) Identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-00000402</p

Associations between dietary consumption and cardiometabolic disorders among community-dwelling Australian adults

© 2017 Dr. Xianwen ShangBackground: Cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Nutrition is a lifestyle factor that plays an important role in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Objective: The research project aimed to examine the association of omega-3 fatty acid intake and dietary quality with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among community-dwelling adults from a subset of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) and whether protein intakes from different sources are differently associated with the incident diabetes and MetS in the whole population of the MCCS. Methods: Analyses regarding association of omega-3 fatty acid intakes and dietary quality with AAC were based on a subset (n=312) of the MCCS with diet assessed at baseline (1990-1994) and follow-up (2010-2011) and AAC measured using radiography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at follow-up (2010-2011). Analyses regarding protein intakes, diabetes and MetS were conducted using data from the MCCS of 41,514 participants. Dietary intakes, diabetes, and MetS were assessed at both baseline (1990-1994) and follow-up (2003-2007). A meta-analysis of the association between protein intakes and incident diabetes was also conducted. Results: Baseline energy-adjusted alpha linolenic acid (ALA) intake showed inverse associations with AAC severity by both radiography (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for tertiles 3 vs 1: 0.49 (0.23, 1.02)) and DXA (0.37 (0.16, 0.83)) in women. Women in the third tertile of total omega-3 fatty acid intake had lower AAC severity by radiography with OR (95% CI) 0.33 (0.16, 0.71) and DXA with OR (95% CI) 0.27 (0.12, 0.62) compared with those in the first tertile. Omega-3 fatty acid intake was not associated with AAC severity in men. Higher baseline dietary quality assessed by Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 was associated with lower AAC severity by both radiography (OR (95% CI) for tertiles 3 vs 1: 0.53 (0.29, 0.99)) and DXA (0.38 (0.20, 0.70)). Multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of incident MetS for the highest compared with lowest quartile of percentage energy intake from total, animal and plant protein were 1.46 (1.01, 2.10), 1.67 (1.13, 2.48) and 0.60 (0.37, 0.97), respectively. The multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) for incident type 2 diabetes in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of animal protein intake as % energy was 1.29 (0.99, 1.67). In the meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies, the pooled relative risks for type 2 diabetes comparing the highest with the lowest category of total, animal, and plant protein intakes were 1.09 (1.06, 1.13), 1.19 (1.11, 1.28), and 0.95 (0.89, 1.02), respectively. Conclusion: Higher intakes of ALA and total omega-3 fatty acids and high quality diets were associated with lower risk of AAC in adults. Higher plant protein and lower animal protein consumption, and substitution of animal protein, were associated with lower incidence of MetS and diabetes. This research provides novel evidence regarding the potential benefits of adherence to dietary guidelines especially high intakes of plant foods and low intakes animal foods in the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders

Research on sound absorption characteristics of Alberich anechoic coatings in debonding states

Viscoelastic structures with periodic cavity arrangement occupy an important position in acoustic stealth. Most studies focus on the absorption at low frequency, under large pressure and in a wide frequency band, however, the sound absorption properties of the anechoic coating in debonding states are seldom studied. The acoustic response of the composite structure is calculated by the FEM, and the incident wave and the reflected wave are separated based on the plane wave propagation principle. The sound absorption coefficient of the model can be solved with the pressure data of transmission wave, incident wave and reflected wave. Based on the finite element method, the absorption characteristics of anechoic coating in debonding states have been studied. Firstly, the FEM model is verified by comparing the solution of uniform non-cavity coatings with the corresponding analytical solution. The results indicate that the problem of acoustic pressure field can be simulated well by the symmetry condition and the absorbing boundary. Then, the Alberich anechoic coating models in different debonding ratio states and in different cavity water filling states are established by FEM, and then the corresponding absorption characteristics are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the effects of debonding on absorption characteristics are small when the cavities of coatings are filled with water, however the effects are much more when the cavities of coatings are filled with air. For the case of cavities filled with air, the main frequency band of sound absorption moves to low frequency with the debonding ratio increasing. When the frequency is very high, there are few impacts on the sound absorption coefficient no matter whether the packing medium is water or air, no matter whether the coating is debonding or not

Energy and macronutrient intakes at breakfast and cognitive declines in community-dwelling older adults : A 9-year follow-up cohort study

Background It is unclear whether breakfast consumption and breakfast composition are independently associated with changes in cognition over a long-term period in older adults. Objectives We aimed to examine the associations between energy and macronutrient intakes at breakfast and cognitive declines. Methods We included 2935 participants aged 55–93 y at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in our analysis. Cognition was assessed in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2015. Dietary intake was assessed using weighing methods in combination with 24-h food records. Results Breakfast contributed to 25.9% of total energy intake of the day and percentages of breakfast energy intake from protein, fat, and carbohydrates were 12.8%, 11.5%, and 75.7%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 9 y, the β values for changes in global cognitive z-scores for Quintile 5 of protein and fat intakes at breakfast, with Quintile 1 as the reference, were 0.13 (95% CI: 0.01–0.25) and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04–0.30), respectively. Substitution of 5% energy from carbohydrates with equivalent energy from protein (β, 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01–0.11) or fat (β, 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02–0.08) at breakfast was positively associated with the change in the global cognitive z-score. Energy intake at breakfast was not significantly associated with the global cognitive z-score. Similar results were found for the verbal memory z-score. The positive association of breakfast fat intake and the inverse association of breakfast carbohydrate intake with cognitive declines were stronger in urban residents. Conclusions Higher intakes of protein and fat and lower intake of carbohydrates at breakfast were associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older adults. Substitution of carbohydrates with protein or fat intake at breakfast may help to delay or prevent cognitive declines

Meal patterns and incident hypertension in community-dwelling middle-aged adults : An 11-year follow-up cohort study

Objective: We aimed to examine whether meal patterns, as well as energy intake from three main meals and snacks, were associated with incident hypertension. Methods: We included 12 995 participants aged 18–59 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in the final analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using weighing methods in combination with 24-h food records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of meal patterns, and energy intake from different meals with incident hypertension. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 4766 new hypertension cases were documented. Four meal patterns were derived according to energy intake: balanced, breakfast dominant, lunch dominant, and dinner dominant patterns. Dinner dominant meal pattern was associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.90 (0.84–0.98)] compared with the balanced meal pattern. Breakfast energy intake was positively, but dinner energy intake was inversely associated with incident hypertension. The positive association between breakfast energy intake and incident hypertension was observed in rural residents only [1.22 (1.07–1.41) for rural residents, 0.98 (0.82–1.18) for urban residents; P interaction = 0.0348]. A positive association between energy intake from lunch and incident hypertension was observed in the urban residents only. Conclusion: Dinner dominant meal pattern was associated with a lower risk of hypertension compared with the balanced meal pattern in Chinese adults. A relatively small breakfast and large dinner may help to prevent or delay the development of hypertension, especially in urban residents