13 research outputs found
Controlling Styles in Neural Machine Translation with Activation Prompt
Controlling styles in neural machine translation (NMT) has attracted wide
attention, as it is crucial for enhancing user experience. Earlier studies on
this topic typically concentrate on regulating the level of formality and
achieve some progress in this area. However, they still encounter two major
challenges. The first is the difficulty in style evaluation. The style
comprises various aspects such as lexis, syntax, and others that provide
abundant information. Nevertheless, only formality has been thoroughly
investigated. The second challenge involves excessive dependence on incremental
adjustments, particularly when new styles are necessary. To address both
challenges, this paper presents a new benchmark and approach. A multiway
stylized machine translation (MSMT) benchmark is introduced, incorporating
diverse categories of styles across four linguistic domains. Then, we propose a
method named style activation prompt (StyleAP) by retrieving prompts from
stylized monolingual corpus, which does not require extra fine-tuning.
Experiments show that StyleAP could effectively control the style of
translation and achieve remarkable performance.Comment: Accepted by Findings of ACL 2023; The code is available at
https://github.com/IvanWang0730/StyleA
Minor Components of Micropapillary and Solid Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma are Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis
Role of drugs used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A large case-control study
The study aimed to investigate whether specific medications used in the treatment chronic diseases affected either the development and/ or severity of COVID-19 in a cohort of 610 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 population-based controls from Zheijang, China. Using a cohort of 578 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 population-based controls from Zheijang, China we tested the role of usage of cardiovascular, antidiabetic and other medications on risk and severity of COVID 19. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and BMI and for presence of relevant comorbidities. Individuals with hypertension taking calcium channel blockers had significantly increased risk [odds ratio (OR)= 1.73 (95% CI 1.2-2.3)] of manifesting symptoms of COVID-19 whereas those taking angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics had significantly lower disease risk (OR=0.22; 95%CI 0.15-0.30 and OR=0.30; 95%CI 0.19-0.58 respectively). Among those with type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (OR= 6.02; 95% CI 2.3- 15.5) and insulin (OR= 2.71; 95% CI 1.6-5.5) were more and glucosidase inhibitors were less prevalent (OR= 0.11; 95% CI 0.1-0.3) among with COVID-19 patients. Drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes influence the risk of development of COVID-19, but, not its severity
Minor Components of Micropapillary and Solid Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma are Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis
Extracellular shuttling miRâ21 contributes to esophageal cancers and human umbilical vein endothelial cell communication in the tumor microenvironment and promotes tumor angiogenesis by targeting phosphatase and tensinhomolog
Abstract Background Cellâcell communication by carcinomaâderived exosomes can influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) and regulate cancer progression. Based on the overexpression of microRNAâ21â5p (miRâ21) in plasma from patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and exosomes from ESCC cell lines identified earlier, this study aimed to explore the influence of exosomal miRâ21 within the TME. Method ScRNAâSeq and Bulk RNAâSeq were integrated to elucidate the communication between cancer and endothelial cells. The functionality and mechanisms by which exoâmiRâ21 derived from carcinoma regulate endothelial cellâmediated angiogenesis were assessed using a cocultivation model of EC9706 cells and recipient human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), through blood vessel formation experiments, luciferase reporter assays, RTâqPCR, and western blot analysis. Result A total of 3842 endothelial cells were extracted from the scRNAâseq data of ESCC samples and reclustered into five cell subtype. Cellâcell communication analysis revealed cancer cells presented a strong interaction with angiogenesisâlike endothelial cells in secreted signaling. MiRâ21 was unregulated in ESCC and the carcinomaâderived exoâmiRâ21 was significantly raised in HUVECs. The exoâmiRâ21 promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs while also enhancing, closed mesh count, and junction number in HUVECs. Mechanistically, dualâluciferase reporter assay revealed that PTEN was the target of miRâ21. Meanwhile, pâAkt was significantly increased and suppressed by inhibition of miRâ21 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion ExoâmiRâ21âmediated communication between endothelial and cancer cells plays a pivotal role in promoting the angiogenesis of ESCC. Therefore, controlling exoâmiRâ21 could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC by targeting angiogenesis
Parental genetic material and oxygen concentration affect hatch dynamics of mouse embryo in vitro
Abstract Background Hatching is crucial for mammalian embryo implantation, since difficulties during this process can lead to implantation failure, ectopic pregnancy and consequent infertility. Despite years of intensive researches, how internal and external factors affecting embryo hatch are still largely unclear. Methods The effects of parental genetic material and oxygen concentration on hatch process were examined. Fertilized and parthenogenetic mouse preimplantation embryos were cultured in vitro under 5 and 20% oxygen for 120Â h. Zona pellucida drilling by Peizo micromanipulation were performed to resemble the breach by sperm penetration. Results Firstly, parthenogenetic embryos had similarly high blastocyst developmental efficiency as fertilized embryos, but significantly higher hatch ratio than fertilized embryos in both O2 concentrations. 5% O2 reduced the hatch rate of fertilized embryos from 58.2 to 23.8%, but increased that of parthenogenetic embryos from 81.2 to 90.8% significantly. Analogously, 5% O2 decreased the ratio of Oct4-positive cells in fertilized blastocysts, whereas increased that in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Additionally, 5% O2 increased the total embryonic cell number in both fertilized and parthegenetic embryos, when compared to 20% O2, and the total cell number of fertilized embryos was also higher than that of parthegenetic embryos, despite O2 concentration. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of key genes involving in MAPK pathway and superoxide dismutase family might contribute to preimplantation development and consequent blastocyst hatch in vitro. Finally, we showed that fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos have diverse hatch dynamics in vitro, although the zona pellucida integrity is not the main reason for their mechanistic differences. Conclusion Both parental genetic material and O2 concentration, as the representative of intrinsic and extrinsic factors respectively, have significant impacts on mouse preimplantation development and subsequent hatch dynamics, probably by regulating the gene expression involving in MAPK pathway and superoxide dismutase family to control embryonic cell proliferation and allocation of ICM cells
Fast-Dissolving Protein Nanofibrous Membrane for Dual Drug Oral Delivery
Oral instant membranes can be quickly wetted by the patientâs saliva and dissolved/disintegrated in the mouth without the need for drinking water and chewing, exhibiting great promise for patients from children to the elderly who have difficulties with swallowing. However, the reported instant oral membranes can load and release only one single drug, which greatly hinders their potential applications. Herein, we employ a sequential electrospinning approach to fabricate dual drug-loaded bilayered gelatin oral instant membranes. The results indicate that a gelatin membrane with a uniform nanofibrous structure can be successfully prepared, and that both the hydrophilic model drug and hydrophobic model drug can be embedded into the gelatin nanofibers. X-ray diffraction results verify that the two drugs are well distributed in the nanofibrous matrix in an amorphous state. Owing to the excellent water solubility and large surface area of gelatin nanofibers, the hydrophilic model drug can be quickly dissolved in 101 s, while the hydrophobic model drug can be completely released in 100 s. The bilayered gelatin nanofibrous membrane shows promise for simultaneous loading and release of two drugs for fast-dissolving delivery applications
Additional file 1: of Parental genetic material and oxygen concentration affect hatch dynamics of mouse embryo in vitro
Real time PCR primers for genes expression analysis of 96ĂÂ h blastocysts. (DOC 41ĂÂ kb
Investigating the mechanism of Sinisan formula in depression treatment: a comprehensive analysis using GEO datasets, network pharmacology, and molecular docking
The herbal formula Sinisan (SNS) is a commonly used treatment for depression; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. This article uses a combination of the GEO database, network pharmacology and molecular docking technologies to investigate the mechanism of action of SNS. The aim is to provide new insights and methods for future depression treatments. The study aims to extract effective compounds and targets for the treatment of depression from the T CMSP database. Relevant targets were searched using the GEO, Disgenet, Drugbank, PharmGKB and T T D databases, followed by screening of core targets. In addition, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore potential pathways for the treatment of depression. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the potential targets and compounds and to identify the optimal core protein-compound complex. Molecular dynamics was used to further investigate the dynamic variability and stability of the complex. The study identified 118 active SNS components and 208 corresponding targets. Topological analysis of P P I networks identified 11 core targets. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the mechanism of action for depression involves genes associated with inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the MAP K3 and P I3K-Akt signalling pathways. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed a strong binding affinity between these compounds and the screened targets, indicating promising biological activity. The present study investigated the active components, targets and pathways of SNS in the treatment of depression. Through a preliminary investigation, key signalling pathways and compounds were identified. These findings provide new directions and ideas for future research on the therapeutic mechanism of SNS and its clinical application in the treatment of depression. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p