Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Reply to Sanfilippo et al. Caution Is Warranted When Assessing Diastolic Function Using Transesophageal Echocardiography. Comment on “Kyle et al. Consensus Defined Diastolic Dysfunction and Cardiac Postoperative Morbidity Score: A Prospective Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 5198”

We thank Sanfilippo and colleagues for their insightful comments about the assessment of diastolic function with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) [...

Collaborative knowledge sharing for mind and body: celebrating the role of arts in health

Introduction Arts and health is a collaboration of arts and health perspectives and exper tise (The Arts Council, 2015). The aim of those involved in arts and health is to create a united platform for maintaining and/or improving public health, while appreciating the priorities and practices of respective disci plines. Arts and health is a broad and diverse field that can take place in a range of healthcare, workplace, and community settings, with clinical and non-clinical populations. The diversity of projects within the scope of arts and health is potentially infinite and represents a stage for creative and ana lytical inquiry. University-led research conducted by artists and academics is a key driving force in the growing recognition of the important role of the arts in health and wellbeing. Each of the three case studies discussed in this essay was led by an artist-scholar i.e. a traditional Irish dancer, a contempo rary dancer, and a musician, respectively. The utilization of arts for the promotion of health and well-being has been central throughout the history of the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance. This role has been woven from various threads across multi ple disciplines, all of which have a shared interest in the care and welfare of people and the communities in which they live. Like the growth of arts and health practices internationally, the emergence of this field within the Academy has been dynamic and multifaceted. Over the past twenty five years, numerous programmes and individuals have contributed to this area, which today is a central pillar upon which the Academy is established. The historical development of arts and health practices at the Academy is one that is complex. As a field that was most immediately associated with the disciplines of music therapy and community music, it has since blos somed in Irish traditional music and dance, contemporary dance, chant and ritual song, festive arts, arts practice, ethnochoreology, and ethnomusicol ogy. Indeed, any attempt to narrate such history across the past twenty five years would risk a failure to acknowledge the numerous individuals who have given so generously of their time and talents in highlighting the role of arts to promote health and well-being in society. In this essay, the authors reflect upon the role of arts and health at an important moment in time within the Academy when the need for interdisciplinary discussion about this area emerged. Although, up until this point in time, arts and health energies were individually thriving within the disciplinary confines of a number of Academy programmes, collective discussion was limited. With a view to somewhat streamlining these various arts and health energies, in April 2015 faculty from music therapy, Irish traditional dance, and contem porary dance, organised a Tower Series Seminar1 to consider the potential and possibilities for arts in health. The following three case studies pre sented at this seminar, and described below, represent a crucial point in the Academy’s history, when three disciplines collectively reflected upon and celebrated their contributions to arts and health in Ireland. Each of these case studies were collectively written to offer a flavour of the diverse range of arts and health methodologies utilised in the Academy. They also highlight various reflections on artistic practice and the value that is placed upon them among the individuals and groups with whom we work. The first case study is focused on set dancing and is an example of col laboration between arts practitioners, academics, health care profession als, and the community. The second relates to integrated dance, an artistic practice that aims to promote health and is clearly lead by the service user. Finally, the third music therapy case is an example of a practice that is both clinical and artistic while also highlighting how artistic practices can be used to engage service user voices in research

Journal update monthly top five

This month’s update is by Leicester’s Emergency Medicine Academic Group. We used a multimodal search strategy, drawing on free open-access medical education resources and literature searches. We identified the five most interesting and relevant papers (decided by consensus) and highlight the main findings, key limitations and clinical bottom line for each paper. The papers are ranked as: Worth a peek—interesting, but not yet ready for prime time. Head turner—new concepts. Game changer—this paper could/should change practice.</p

Insights from an early-stage development mixed methods study on arts-based interventions for older adults following hospitalisation

Background: A period of hospitalisation can have negative consequences on physical function and autonomy for older adults, including functional decline, dependency and reduced quality of life. Older adults favour activity that focuses on social connectedness, fun and achievable skills. Objective: The primary aim of this early-stage development mixed methods study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised crossover trial design and two arts-based interventions tailored for older adults recently discharged from hospital. Materials and methods: Community-dwelling adults, aged 65 years and older, who reported reduced mobility and less than six weeks post discharge from hospital were invited to participate in the study. Two sites were randomised to either a four-week dance or music therapy intervention, followed by a four-week washout and subsequently to the alternate intervention. Participants and stakeholders were interviewed to share their views and perspectives of the study design and interventions developed. Results: The arts-based interventions were acceptable and safe for participants. Randomisation was completed per protocol and no implementation issues were identified. The outcome measures used were acceptable and feasible for this group of patients and did not lead to fatigue or excessive assessment time. Participants were positive about their experience of the programme. Conclusions: This early development study provides a precursor and several imperative learning points to guide and inform future research in the area. Difficulties in recruitment and attrition were in part due to the barriers encountered when recruiting an incident cohort of vulnerable individuals post hospitalisation

Negative interaction between nitrates and remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: the ERIC-GTN and ERICCA studies.

Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) using transient limb ischaemia failed to improve clinical outcomes following cardiac surgery and the reasons for this remain unclear. In the ERIC-GTN study, we evaluated whether concomitant nitrate therapy abrogated RIPC cardioprotection. We also undertook a post-hoc analysis of the ERICCA study, to investigate a potential negative interaction between RIPC and nitrates on clinical outcomes following cardiac surgery. In ERIC-GTN, 185 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to: (1) Control (no RIPC or nitrates); (2) RIPC alone; (3); Nitrates alone; and (4) RIPC + Nitrates. An intravenous infusion of nitrates (glyceryl trinitrate 1 mg/mL solution) was commenced on arrival at the operating theatre at a rate of 2-5 mL/h to maintain a mean arterial pressure between 60 and 70 mmHg and was stopped when the patient was taken off cardiopulmonary bypass. The primary endpoint was peri-operative myocardial injury (PMI) quantified by a 48-h area-under-the-curve high-sensitivity Troponin-T (48 h-AUC-hs-cTnT). In ERICCA, we analysed data for 1502 patients undergoing cardiac surgery to investigate for a potential negative interaction between RIPC and nitrates on clinical outcomes at 12-months. In ERIC-GTN, RIPC alone reduced 48 h-AUC-hs-cTnT by 37.1%, when compared to control (ratio of AUC 0.629 [95% CI 0.413-0.957], p = 0.031), and this cardioprotective effect was abrogated in the presence of nitrates. Treatment with nitrates alone did not reduce 48 h-AUC-hs-cTnT, when compared to control. In ERICCA there was a negative interaction between nitrate use and RIPC for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality at 12-months, and for risk of peri-operative myocardial infarction. RIPC alone reduced the risk of peri-operative myocardial infarction, compared to control, but no significant effect of RIPC was demonstrated for the other outcomes. When RIPC and nitrates were used together they had an adverse impact in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the presence of nitrates abrogating RIPC-induced cardioprotection and increasing the risk of mortality at 12-months post-cardiac surgery in patients receiving RIPC

Predictors of functional impairment in bipolar disorder: Results from 13 cohorts from seven countries by the global bipolar cohort collaborative.

OBJECTIVES: Persistent functional impairment is common in bipolar disorder (BD) and is influenced by a number of demographic, clinical, and cognitive features. The goal of this project was to estimate and compare the influence of key factors on community function in multiple cohorts of well-characterized samples of individuals with BD. METHODS: Thirteen cohorts from 7 countries included n&nbsp;=&nbsp;5882 individuals with BD across multiple sites. The statistical approach consisted of a systematic uniform application of analyses across sites. Each site performed a logistic regression analysis with empirically derived higher versus lower function as the dependent variable and selected clinical and demographic variables as predictors. RESULTS: We found high rates of functional impairment, ranging from 41 to 75%. Lower community functioning was associated with depressive symptoms in 10 of 12 of the cohorts that included this variable in the analysis. Lower levels of education, a greater number of prior mood episodes, the presence of a comorbid substance use disorder, and a greater total number of psychotropic medications were also associated with low functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The bipolar clinical research community is poised to work together to characterize the multi-dimensional contributors to impairment and address the barriers that impede patients complete recovery. We must also identify the core features which enable many to thrive and live successfully with BD. A large-scale, worldwide, prospective longitudinal study focused squarely on BD and its heterogeneous presentations will serve as a platform for discovery and promote major advances toward optimizing outcomes for every individual with this illness

Predictors of functional impairment in bipolar disorder: Results from 13 cohorts from seven countries by the global bipolar cohort collaborative.

OBJECTIVES: Persistent functional impairment is common in bipolar disorder (BD) and is influenced by a number of demographic, clinical, and cognitive features. The goal of this project was to estimate and compare the influence of key factors on community function in multiple cohorts of well-characterized samples of individuals with BD. METHODS: Thirteen cohorts from 7 countries included n&nbsp;=&nbsp;5882 individuals with BD across multiple sites. The statistical approach consisted of a systematic uniform application of analyses across sites. Each site performed a logistic regression analysis with empirically derived higher versus lower function as the dependent variable and selected clinical and demographic variables as predictors. RESULTS: We found high rates of functional impairment, ranging from 41 to 75%. Lower community functioning was associated with depressive symptoms in 10 of 12 of the cohorts that included this variable in the analysis. Lower levels of education, a greater number of prior mood episodes, the presence of a comorbid substance use disorder, and a greater total number of psychotropic medications were also associated with low functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The bipolar clinical research community is poised to work together to characterize the multi-dimensional contributors to impairment and address the barriers that impede patients complete recovery. We must also identify the core features which enable many to thrive and live successfully with BD. A large-scale, worldwide, prospective longitudinal study focused squarely on BD and its heterogeneous presentations will serve as a platform for discovery and promote major advances toward optimizing outcomes for every individual with this illness