Potential for reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in English primary care.

Objectives: To identify and quantify inappropriate systemic antibiotic prescribing in primary care in England, and ultimately to determine the potential for reduction in prescribing of antibiotics. Methods: Primary care data from 2013-15 recorded in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database were used. Potentially inappropriate prescribing events in the database were identified by: (i) comparing prescribing events against treatment guidelines; (ii) comparing actual proportions of consultations resulting in prescription for a set of conditions with the ideal proportions derived from expert opinion; and (iii) identifying high prescribers and their number of prescriptions above an age- and body-system-specific benchmark. Results: Applying the most conservative assumptions, 8.8% of all systemic antibiotic prescriptions in English primary care were identified as inappropriate, and in the least conservative scenario 23.1% of prescriptions were inappropriate. All practices had non-zero reduction potentials, ranging from 6.4% to 43.5% in the middle scenario. The four conditions that contributed most to inappropriate prescribing were sore throat (23.0% of identified inappropriate prescriptions), cough (22.2%), sinusitis (7.6%) and acute otitis media (5.7%). One-third of all antibiotic prescriptions lacked an informative diagnostic code. Conclusions: This work demonstrates (i) the existence of substantial inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and (ii) poor diagnostic coding in English primary care. All practices (not just the high prescribers) should engage in efforts to improve antimicrobial stewardship. Better diagnostic coding, more precise prescribing guidelines and a deeper understanding of appropriate long-term uses of antibiotics would allow identification of further potential for reductions

Strong peak immunogenicity but rapid antibody waning following third vaccine dose in older residents of care homes

Third-dose coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines are being deployed widely but their efficacy has not been assessed adequately in vulnerable older people who exhibit suboptimal responses after primary vaccination series. This observational study, which was carried out by the VIVALDI study based in England, looked at spike-specific immune responses in 341 staff and residents in long-term care facilities who received an mRNA vaccine following dual primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1. Third-dose vaccination strongly increased antibody responses with preferential relative enhancement in older people and was required to elicit neutralization of Omicron. Cellular immune responses were also enhanced with strong cross-reactive recognition of Omicron. However, antibody titers fell 21–78% within 100 d after vaccine and 27% of participants developed a breakthrough Omicron infection. These findings reveal strong immunogenicity of a third vaccine in one of the most vulnerable population groups and endorse an approach for widespread delivery across this population. Ongoing assessment will be required to determine the stability of immune protection

International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist

An Introduction to the IU Digital Preservation Service Planning Project

The Indiana University Digital Preservation Service Planning Project, a collaborative effort involving the IU Bloomington Libraries, the IUPUI University Library, and UITS, and was launched on July 24, 2020 to address two significant needs. First, as a growing number of campus units acquire and create digital collections, there are increased opportunities for variations in practice and the duplication of resources and effort to maintain these materials. Second, while IU has successfully preserved digital collections for decades, current solutions do not always align with emerging professional best practices. The project will respond to these issues by documenting functional and technical requirements appropriate to the IU community as well as exploring funding and governance models that would support a university-wide service. Upon completion of the project in January 2021, the team plans to seek approval to move forward with the implementation of their recommendations. This presentation will provide an overview of the project goals and deliverables as well as updates on current work. Attendees are encouraged to bring questions and provide feedback

Introducing the ICPSR Metadata Documentation Portal

Metadata & Preservation (M&P) is happy to announce the forthcoming release of the new ICPSR Metadata Documentation Portal. For the first time, the ICPSR’s metadata standards will be fully available to the public. Visit the portal at https://icpsr.github.io/metadata/. ICPSR’s rich and thorough metadata (i.e., information about our data collections that help others discover, understand, and use them) make us unique among data repositories. Metadata creation, enhancement, and quality review is a team effort and involves staff from across all of ICPSR. The new Portal specifies rules and definitions for ICPSR's metadata practices and is intended to: (a) assist ICPSR staff with metadata entry, especially during curation; and (b) help ICPSR users -- including data depositors and researchers accessing data -- understand how to use and interpret our metadata. Join the Metadata and Preservation Team for this webinar that highlights the features of the portal, how it can help you provide stronger metadata at deposit, and how it sets up the ICPSR and depositors for future metadata improvements. The webinar slides recording is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6zVAiblYD8.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/192467/1/Love Data Week_ Metadata Documentation Portal webinar 20240216.pdfDescription of Love Data Week_ Metadata Documentation Portal webinar 20240216.pdf : Presentation slidesSEL

Bridging Technologies to Efficiently Arrange and Describe Digital Archives: the Bentley Historical Library’s ArchivesSpace-Archivematica-DSpace Workflow Integration Project

In recent years, ArchivesSpace and Archivematica have emerged as two of the most exciting open source platforms for working with digital archives. The former manages accessions and collections and provides a framework for entering descriptive, administrative, rights, and other metadata. The latter ingests digital content and prepares information packages for long-term preservation and access. In October 2016, the Bentley Historical Library wrapped up a two-year, $355,000 grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to partner with the University of Michigan Library on the integration of these two systems in an end-to-end workflow that will include the automated deposit of content into a DSpace repository. This article provides context of the project and offers an in-depth exploration of the project’s key development tasks, all of which were provided by Artefactual Systems, the developers of Archivematica (code available at https://github.com/artefactual-labs/appraisal-tab)

DataCite: More Than Just DOIs (Metadata & Preservation “Deep Dive” Webinar series for ICPSR staff)

This presentation was part of a 2021-2022 ICPSR Metadata & Preservation unit "Deep Dive" Webinar series for ICPSR staff. The presentation abstract: ICPSR obtains our DOIs -- persistent identifiers for data collections -- from DataCite, a large DOI registration agency. DOIs make it possible for users to find our data over long periods of time since DOIs don’t change and will take users to the correct landing page, even when URLs or data stewards change. DataCite would be an important partner if it only provided DOIs, but they offer more. This presentation will highlight both the DOI registration service, and other Datacite offerings. These include DataCite Commons, a discovery service that enables simple data searches while also showing the connections between content with DOIs. We’ll also discuss Event Data, a joint service by DataCite and Crossref, which retrieves and exposes the activity that occurs around research data objects. The presentations will address questions like: -What is the DataCite metadata schema, and what are its unique features? -How did the ICPSR DOI metadata change in the transition from our previous DOI registrar? -How can the ICPSR integrate DataCite’s support for unique identifiers and relationship types into our DataCite -metadata? -What is DataCite Commons, and how does it map the relationships between content with DOIs and the people, research organizations, and funders that generate that content? -What is Event Data? How can it be used to explore the links between publications and data and other parts of the research process, such as citations, reuse, and documentation?http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/192485/1/DataCite_ More Than Just DOIs.pptxDescription of DataCite_ More Than Just DOIs.pptx : PresentationSEL

Doing More with Metadata: Other Standards (Metadata & Preservation “Deep Dive” Webinar series for ICPSR staff)

This presentation was part of a 2021-2022 ICPSR Metadata & Preservation unit "Deep Dive" Webinar series for ICPSR staff. The presentation abstract: While ICPSR makes heavy use of DDI metadata, we also use other metadata standards, including MARC, Dublin Core, and Schema.org. Come learn about other metadata standards that are available, their benefits and drawbacks, how ICPSR uses some of them in current work, and how ICPSR can (and should) use other standards in current and developing work. This presentation will address questions like: -What additional standards are important to our current work? -How does using additional standards connect ICPSR with other repositories and users? -What other standards should ICPSR adopt to help increase the reach of our data?http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/192484/1/Doing More with Metadata_ Other Standards.pptxDescription of Doing More with Metadata_ Other Standards.pptx : PresentationSEL