Volumetric estimation of an intensive apple orchard with GIS

Remote sensing instruments and methods have become widespread in all segments of agriculture and horticulture.Among the innovative development of remote sensing instruments, the 3D laser scanner is one of the newest technique,which overtop in the spatial data collection. Terrestrial laser scanning is an appropriate tool for identifying such biophysicalparameters like the structure of trees and branches, growth of volume. Determination of these parameters are time consumingand complicated with traditional methods. The examination was carried out in the Study and Regional Research Farm of theUniversity of Debrecen near Pallag. We used Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner to estimate volumetric propertiesof the intensive apple orchard. Two rows of the study area were surveyed, where the height and stem diameter of apple treeswere measured with Geomagic Studio 12 GIS Demo Software. Based on the built-in algorithms, the volume of each tree weredefi ned by the software. The measured and calculated data was correlated, and middle correlations were detected. Estimatedvolume results could be useful for further investigation such as CO2 fi xing, which is an important factor for ecological serviceof the plantation

Volumetric estimation of an intensive apple orchard with GIS

Remote sensing instruments and methods have become widespread in all segments of agriculture and horticulture. Among the innovative development of remote sensing instruments, the 3D laser scanner is one of the newest technique, which overtop in the spatial data collection. Terrestrial laser scanning is an appropriate tool for identifying such biophysical parameters like the structure of trees and branches, growth of volume. Determination of these parameters are time consuming and complicated with traditional methods. The examination was carried out in the Study and Regional Research Farm of the University of Debrecen near Pallag. We used Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner to estimate volumetric properties of the intensive apple orchard. Two rows of the study area were surveyed, where the height and stem diameter of apple trees were measured with Geomagic Studio 12 GIS Demo Software. Based on the built-in algorithms, the volume of each tree were defined by the software. The measured and calculated data was correlated, and middle correlations were detected. Estimated volume results could be useful for further investigation such as CO2 fi xing, which is an important factor for ecological service of the plantation

Propofol dexmedetomidine versus propofol ketamine for anesthesia of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (A randomized comparative study)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of propofol/dexmedetomidine and propofol/ketamine combinations for anesthesia in patients undergoing ERCP regarding hemodynamic changes, propofol requirements and the recovery criteria. Patient and methods: Sixty patients aged 20–50 years ASA II or III scheduled for ERCP were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: dexmedetomidine/propofol (DP) group and ketamine/propofol (KP) group. DP patients received a loading dose of iv dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 15 min then maintained by a 0.5 μg/kg/h. Group KP patients received a loading dose of iv ketamine 1 mg/kg over15 min then maintained by 0.5 mg/kg/h. Induction of anesthesia was achieved with propofol 2 mg/kg, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained by propofol infusion 5 mg/kg/h, intermittent iv propofol boluses (0.5 mg/kg) were administered if needed. MAP and HR were recorded before loading of study drugs (baseline) and recorded every 5 min after beginning of loading throughout the procedure and just after intubation, then every 15 min for one hour post-operative. Total propofol consumption, recovery time, VAS and postoperative complications (PONV, cognitive dysfunction, and respiratory complications) were recorded. Results: The intra-procedural HR and MAP showed high statistical significant differences between both groups throughout the procedure with lower values in DP group (p < 0.01 or <0.001). During the post-procedural period, the HR and MAP were significantly lower in DP group. Propofol consumption was comparable in both groups (268.0 ± 122.3 mg) in DP group versus (304.7 ± 142.0 mg) in KP group. Postprocedural recovery time was significantly shorter in DP group (5.7 ± 1.7 min) compared with (22.2 ± 8.2 min) KP group (p < 0.01). VAS was comparable in the two groups. PONV was 46.67% of KP group, while it was absent in DP group. Post-operative cognitive disorders showed a high statistical significant difference between both groups (p < 0.001) with no cases was reported in DP group. No respiratory complications in both groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine–propofol combination as TIVA during ERCP showed better intra-and post-procedural hemodynamic stability, less PONV, less postoperative cognitive dysfunctions and shorter recovery time when compared with ketamine–propofol combination

СТРУКТУРА БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ В МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНЫХ СТАЦИОНАРАХ СМОЛЕНСКА

A spectrum of causative bacterial pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia in multidisciplinary hospitals of SmolenskСтруктура бактериальных возбудителей внебольничной пневмонии в многопрофильных стационарах Смоленск