Real Geodetic Map (Map without Projection)

The earth as a planet is geometrically represented as an ellipsoid or a sphere where geodetic computations should be followed. In small areas and as a special case, the considered area can be treated as a plan and plan metric computations are followed. The surveying elements to be introduced to the user could be distances, bearings, azimuths, and areas. These elements can be obtained by computing them from either map (projected) coordinates or from geodetic coordinates. In the past, not everybody could deal with the geodetic coordinates, so map projection has been introduced to facilitate dealing with the map using metric units. Nowadays computers and computer programming enable us to deal easily with geodetic computations and geodetic maps. In this research, the proposed computerized real geodetic map is introduced. The computations which have been done to clear the idea of the proposed map and their results are tabulated and illustrated. Keywords: Map, Projection, Geodetic datum, Ellipsoid, Distortion, Scales, Coordinate

Simulation model of PID for DC-DC converter by using MATLAB

The change in loads in most applications whose source of nutrition is a renewable energy system. Renewable energy systems can change according to climatic conditions. To control and control these changes, the use of conventional control systems such as PIDs. The PID is one of the most common and used conventional control systems that have been chosen to output the type of power electronic devise (DC-DC converter) in different working conditions. The current study aims to improve the system performance through simulation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system with the controller based on setting parameters such as recording system states, embedded elevation time and transient response

Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Potentially Traumatic Events among Adolescents in Erbil City

Background and Objectives: Many children and teenagers throughout lifetime maybe ex-pose to extraordinary forms of stressful and traumatic events, particularly individuals who live in countries experiencing continuous conflicts such as Iraq. Approximately one-third of traumatized adolescents might develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The current study aimed to evaluate the types of potentially traumatic events and prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents in Erbil city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at eleven public and private schools in Erbil City. The samples of the study were selected in three stages; the schools' selection, the class selection in the schools, and involvement of 300 students within the study. Data were collected from face-to-face interview of participants from 1st of March to 15th May 2018. Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder was done by using the post-traumatic stress disorder screening tool. The validity and reliability have been verified. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, t-tests, and Fisher exact test was used for data analysis. Results: Majority of participants were Kurdish, from the host community; More than half of them were males and middle in the rank within their families while the most prevalent potentially traumatic events were identified to be emotional abuse and physical abuse. Such events include betrayal and disappointment, witnessing parents fighting with each other, witnessing direct physical torturing, and physical torture. Among traumatized ado-lescents, it is predicted that about 41.7% have post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions: Post-traumatic stress disorder is prevalent among adolescent students and it differs in terms of gender and type of schools. Post-traumatic stress disorder was found to be the highest percentage among females compared to males, and within public schools compared to private schools. The most prevalent potentially traumatic events among adolescents were emotional and physical trauma

Simulation Model of Single-Phase AC-AC Converter by Using MATLAB

The current research sheds light on the electronic power devices that work as transformers and are named according to the function. A model of a single-phase transformer AC-AC type with half-wave and full-wave quality has been proposed. Its output is controlled by power, voltage and current, which is considered an input to the load. The fixed input transformer has a variable output according to the required power, voltage and current. Inverters of this type have so many uses that they are used in many different applications, including industrial, induction motor speed control, military, medical and household, including low-light circuits, among others. A simulation involving different types of single-phase AC transformers is proposed. The models were built in two ways, the first using a diode as an electronic switch, and the second using a thyristor. Different values for the load were chosen by adopting three values of 30 ohms, 40 ohms, and 50 ohms. An alternating power supply with an RMS value of 222 volts. Simulation was carried out after modeling to test the performance of the proposed transformer and its various modes of operation. Simulation models confirmed and reinforced the working theories of the proposed structures. From the results, we can reach the possibility of changing the voltage and power values using the electronic transformer by using the frequency of closing and opening the electronic keys within specific periods according to the proposed model, which can be represented or modified

Why do Saudi Nurses Leave Bedside Nursing: Findings from a Pilot Study

Aim: To explore the salient factors that account for Saudi nurses leaving bedside nursing to work in other fields of nursing.   Method: A non-experimental descriptive quantitative design was used to answer the research question of this pilot study. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. A snowball / purposive sample was used to collect the data from 46 Saudi nurses who had left bedside nursing in three hospitals in the Aseer region in southwest of Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed by a professional statistician using descriptive statistics.   Findings: The salient factors for Saudi nurses’ decision to leave bedside nursing that were identified included: income (including allowances and financial incentives), administrative regulations, job satisfaction, and other miscellaneous factors   Conclusion: Although this pilot study has several limitations, the findings indicate that health care planners and policy staff, and nursing leaders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia need to develop strategies to address the issues expressed by Saudi nurses in regard to bedside nursing, particularly the need to improve (a) financial allowances and incentive systems, (b) the bedside work environment (e.g., by decreasing weekly working hours), and (c) the image of bedside Saudi nurses in the eyes of Saudi society.   Keywords: Saudi Nurses, Pilot Study, Bedside Nursing &nbsp

International survey of Cronobacter sakazakii and other Cronobacter spp. in follow up formulas and infant food

A coordinated survey for Cronobacter and related organisms in powdered infant formula, follow up formula and infant foods was undertaken by 8 laboratories in 7 countries in recognition of and in response to the data needs identified in an FAO/WHO call for data in order to develop global risk management guidance for these products. The products (domestic and imported) were purchased from the local market and were categorised according to their principle ingredients. A total of 290 products were analysed using a standardised procedure of pre-enrichment in 225 ml Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), followed by enrichment in Enterobacteriaceae Enrichment (EE) broth, plating on the chromogenic Cronobacter Druggan–Forsythe–Iversen (DFI) agar and presumptive identification with ID 32 E. Presumptive Cronobacter isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Aerobic plate counts (APC) of the products were also determined on nutrient agar. Fourteen samples had APC > 105 cfu/g, 3 of which contained probiotic cultures. C. sakazakii was isolated from 27 products; 3/91 (3%) follow up formulas (as defined by Codex Alimentarius Commission), and 24/199 (12%) infant foods and drinks. Hence C. sakazakii was less prevalent in follow up formula than other foods given to infants over the same age range. A range of other bacteria were also isolated from follow up formulas, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia ficaria. There was significant variation in the reconstitution instructions for follow up formulas. These included using water at temperatures which would enable bacterial growth. Additionally, the definition of follow up formula varied between countries

Localized Castleman's disease presenting as a vascular right iliac fossa mass

Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown aetiology. The presentation is varied, diagnosis is difficult, and optimum management is still unknown. We report our experience with a case of Castleman's disease in a 34-year-old woman who presented with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, and a right iliac fossa mass that was 5 cm in diameter. This was initially diagnosed as a soft tissue sarcoma and preoperative tumour embolization was planned before excision. Mesenteric arteriogram revealed that the feeder arteries arose from the superior mesenteric artery and embolization was aborted for fear of causing bowel ischaemia. On laparotomy, lymphoid enlargement was found between the leaves of the jejunal mesentery. The tumour was relatively avascular and the overlying mesenteric vessels contributed to the duplex ultrasound and computerized tomography appearance of hypervascularity. The tumour with the mesentery and the overlying segment of jejunum was excised completely. Histopathology confirmed Castleman's disease. The purpose of this report is to present this rare case that caused a diagnostic dilemma and to review the management of this disorder

Characteristic airflow patterns during inspiration and expiration: experimental and numerical investigation

A simplified experimental nasal model was designed and an experimental setup was developed to facilitate both inspiratory and expiratory flow measurements. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and resistance measurements were conducted. The purpose of this work was primarily to demonstrate a simple way of carrying out experiments for a replica human nose in order to validate numerical studies. The characteristic recirculatory patterns observed explicitly as a consequence of inspiration and expiration were investigated. The resistance study showed similar patterns of resistance for both experimental and numerical results for various flow rates. The PIV results showed that inspiratory and expiratory flows had characteristic flow patterns that can be distinguished based on their recirculatory flow patterns