When is a quantum cellular automaton (QCA) a quantum lattice gas automaton (QLGA)?

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) are models of quantum computation of particular interest from the point of view of quantum simulation. Quantum lattice gas automata (QLGA - equivalently partitioned quantum cellular automata) represent an interesting subclass of QCA. QLGA have been more deeply analyzed than QCA, whereas general QCA are likely to capture a wider range of quantum behavior. Discriminating between QLGA and QCA is therefore an important question. In spite of much prior work, classifying which QCA are QLGA has remained an open problem. In the present paper we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for unbounded, finite Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) (finitely many active cells in a quiescent background) to be Quantum Lattice Gas Automata (QLGA). We define a local condition that classifies those QCA that are QLGA, and we show that there are QCA that are not QLGA. We use a number of tools from functional analysis of separable Hilbert spaces and representation theory of associative algebras that enable us to treat QCA on finite but unbounded configurations in full detail.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figures, with changes to explanatory text and updated figures, J. Math. Phys. versio

Online Information Searching Techniques: An Investigation from Library Science Professionals

The purpose of this study is to identify the effective information retrieval techniques used by the library and information science professionals/librarians to successfully retrieve the required information from various online information sources. This study also investigates the opinion of information professionals about various useful online information resources which are helpful during research work. It highlights various advanced searching techniques used for retrieving precise results from various online information sources i.e. search engines, databases, repositories, digital libraries, online journals, websites, etc. In this study, a quantitative research method has been used by adopting a survey research design. The population of the study was 370 information professionals working as a librarian in various public and private sector universities of Punjab. Data was successfully obtained from 278 respondents by using a questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS software. The respondents identified various sources of information that are useful to find scholarly information. These sources include e-journals, HEC databases, digital libraries, Google Scholar, digital archives, etc. They identified various useful techniques to effectively formulate a search query and apply advanced searching techniques to retrieve the desired information. This study is highly useful for libraries to increase online information resources which are useful for research students and faculty. The results of this research are also useful for early-career librarians, faculty members, and researchers to understand online search techniques and successfully retrieve the required information for research and educational tasks

Enhanced squeezing in homodyne detection via local-oscillator optimization

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101).by Asif Shakeel.M.S

Evaluating Usages of Social Media and Educational Teaching Methods in Consonance with the Teachings of Islam

Social media plays a very important role in the present education system of the world on the whole and in Islamic Republic of Pakistan in special. People in this area prefer to find information on social sites rather than find them face to face. Social media sites provide a variety of mediums for interacting and communicating while learning. However, this widespread use of social media is misused by some of the less responsible. The use of social media that is not Islamic values ​​can be harmful to society. Integrity in the dissemination of information on social media has been an issue often overlooked by some writers. Therefore, the application of Islamic values ​​is important in preventing these problems from continuing to spread and producing less educated communities. Based on the analysis of the study, there are four topics that cover teaching methods through social media from an Islamic perspective. Firstly think of social media as a medium of teaching. Subsequently, this article addresses the issue of using social media as a medium of instruction. The application of Islamic values ​​in communicating information through social media is also elaborated. Finally, this article also discusses the importance and benefits of emphasizing Islamic values ​​in communicating information on social media

Perceptions of Research Students about Information Resources of Digital Library and Difficulties faced during usage

The basic aim of this study was to examine the perception of research students about the importance of online sources of information in digital libraries and the problems faced by research students while consulting online information resources in digital libraries. To achieve these goals, a quantitative research method was used. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and used for data collection. The population of the study has consisted of research students studying in M. Phil and Ph.D. in the Faculty of Behavioral & Social Sciences and Pure Sciences. Data was collected from 278 respondents and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results showed that respondents were aware of different online information resources and had positive perceptions regarding online information resources. They possessed satisfactory searching skills. They have obtained training sessions to use online information resources. They preferred digital form, print form, and electronic form to receive information. Respondents pointed out problems in using online information resources. These problems include information overload on the web, subscription issues, infrastructure problems, load shedding issues, etc. They demanded training to increase online searching skills. The study concluded that research students studying at the University of Punjab have a good level of searching skills. It was recommended that librarians working at the University of Punjab should offer adequate training programs to assist the research students in searching for online information

A survey on sentiment analysis in Urdu: A resource-poor language

© 2020 Background/introduction: The dawn of the internet opened the doors to the easy and widespread sharing of information on subject matters such as products, services, events and political opinions. While the volume of studies conducted on sentiment analysis is rapidly expanding, these studies mostly address English language concerns. The primary goal of this study is to present state-of-art survey for identifying the progress and shortcomings saddling Urdu sentiment analysis and propose rectifications. Methods: We described the advancements made thus far in this area by categorising the studies along three dimensions, namely: text pre-processing lexical resources and sentiment classification. These pre-processing operations include word segmentation, text cleaning, spell checking and part-of-speech tagging. An evaluation of sophisticated lexical resources including corpuses and lexicons was carried out, and investigations were conducted on sentiment analysis constructs such as opinion words, modifiers, negations. Results and conclusions: Performance is reported for each of the reviewed study. Based on experimental results and proposals forwarded through this paper provides the groundwork for further studies on Urdu sentiment analysis