Impact of Socialization on Organizational Commitment of Employees: A Case Study of Private Degree Colleges in Nowshehra, District, KPK

Implementations of HR practices carry a significant weightage towards organization’s success. The study was focused to find out the impact of socialization process on organizational commitment of employees working in private degree colleges. 200 hundred questionnaires were distributed among the teaching staff of degree colleges using convenient sampling technique. 126 properly filled questionnaires forming a response rate of 63% were analyzed to get meaningful results. The results of the study showed that socialization process was found to have significant impact on organizational commitment of employees

Fluctuation patterns of different developmental stages of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and their relationship with the environment

The relative frequency of occurrence of different developmental stages of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the dependence of its developmental stages on environmental factors, are crucial in the population management. The densities of eggs and larvae were low from December to mid-February due to prevailing cold. Owing to optimum environmental conditions, increasing densities were observed throughout March and they droppped again during the first week of April. The densities of eggs and different larval instars of H. armigera were significantly positively correlated with temperature, and significantly negatively correlated with the average morning relative humidity (RH;%) but not with the average evening RH (%)

Rice Seedling Characteristics of Various Genotypes Influenced by Different Sowing Dates in Swat-Pakistan

To study the effect of different sowing dates on rice nursery rising and to evaluate their effect on yield and yield components of rice genotypes, an experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (N) Mingora Swat, Pakistan, during summer 2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Seven genotypes (PARC 403, OM5627,IR64,IR8225-9-3-2-3, CIBOGO,GA-5015, and FakhreMalakand) and 5 sowing dates (D1= 25th April, D2= 10th May, D3= 25th May, D4= 9th June, and D5= 24th June) were used. Each genotype was sown in six rows in dry bed nursery. The germination percentage was above 90%. The nursery reached its optimum size up to 30 days and was ready for transplantation.Sowing on either D5 (24th June) or D4(9th June)gave maximum leaf area(9.6 and 9.1 cm2) followed by D3 (7.2 cm2), maximum leaves seedling-1 produced by D3 (5.3) followed by D2 (5.0). Maximum seedling height was gave by sowing on D5 (23.5 cm) followed by D4 (19.9 cm), maximum biomass gave by sowing on D4 (15.3 gm) and D5 (13.8 gm) followed by D2 and D3 (12.8 and 12.2 gm), highest root number gave by D4 (13.0) followed by D2 and D3 (11.3 and 11.5) and highest root length gave by D1 and D2 (10.7 and 10.7 cm) followed by D3 (9.6 cm). Among the rice genotypes FakhreMalakand produced highest seedling height (21.9 cm), highest biomass (14.0 gm), highest root length (12.9 cm) followed by GA-5015 while maximum leaf area gave by genotype PARC 403 (9.8 cm2) and number of leaves (4.9) followed by FakhreMalakand (8.3 cm2 and 4.6) respectively. Later data showed that highest paddy yield (6.49 t ha-1) was produced by FakhreMalakand sown on either D2 or D3 while the other genotypes were at par valued in this order. On the basis of the above results, it is recommended that rice nursery rising should be either D2 or D3May10th or 25th in the agro-ecological conditions of swat valley. Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), genotypes, sowing dates, biomass, seedlin

Human Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries

Impact of human capital on economic growth of selected Asian countries was examined, in the context of a visual search task. The main aim of this study is to find the empirical relationships among human capital and economic growth by using panel data technique for the period 1990-2012. In this study Government Expenditure on Health and gross school enrolment at secondary level used as a proxy variables for measuring human capital. The results of econometric estimation and panel least squares estimates indicated, a strong positive association of government expenditure on health and gross fixed capital formation with GDP. Another result of this study is that the gross school enrollment has positive but insignificant impact on gross domestic product. The study recommends that Government should escalate the enrollment of students in primary and secondary level, incentives to the people working abroad and should also facilitate the private sector to develop the labor force. Moreover, government should increase their expenditure on different areas of health sector such as for the development of infrastructure of health sector and provision of better health care facilities to the patients. Keywords: Human capital, Economic growth, Capital, Asian countries.

Human Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries

Impact of human capital on economic growth of selected Asian countries was examined, in the context of a visual search task. The main aim of this study is to find the empirical relationships among human capital and economic growth by using panel data technique for the period 1990-2012. In this study Government Expenditure on Health and gross school enrolment at secondary level used as a proxy variables for measuring human capital. The results of econometric estimation and panel least squares estimates indicated, a strong positive association of government expenditure on health and gross fixed capital formation with GDP. Another result of this study is that the gross school enrollment has positive but insignificant impact on gross domestic product. The study recommends that Government should escalate the enrollment of students in primary and secondary level, incentives to the people working abroad and should also facilitate the private sector to develop the labor force. Moreover, government should increase their expenditure on different areas of health sector such as for the development of infrastructure of health sector and provision of better health care facilities to the patients. Keywords: Human capital, Economic growth, Capital, Asian countries

Research Article Software Component Selection Based on Quality Criteria Using the Analytic Network Process

Component based software development (CBSD) endeavors to deliver cost-effective and quality software systems through the selection and integration of commercially available software components. CBSD emphasizes the design and development of software systems using preexisting components. Software component reusability is an indispensable part of component based software development life cycle (CBSDLC),which consumes a significant amount of organization’s resources, that is, time and effort. It is convenient in component based software system (CBSS) to select the most suitable and appropriate software components that provide all the required functionalities. Selecting the most appropriate components is crucial for the success of the entire system. However, decisions regarding software component reusability are often made in an ad hoc manner, which ultimately results in schedule delay and lowers the entire quality system. In this paper, we have discussed the analytic network process (ANP) method for software component selection. The methodology is explained and assessed using a real life case study

Thermosolutal natural convection energy transfer in magnetically influenced casson fluid flow in hexagonal enclosure with fillets

Current disquisition is aimed to adumbrate thermosolutal convective diffusion transport in Casson fluid filled in hexagonal enclosure under effectiveness of inclined magnetic field. Partially iso-concentration and iso-temperature distributions at base wall of enclosure is provided along with incorporation of fillets at corners of flow domain. Governing formulation in 2D are expressed in a velocity-pressure, energy and concentration bal-ance equations. Numerical computations are executed by employing COMSOL Multiphysics software based on finite element scheme. Domain discretization in manifested by performing hybrid meshing in view of 2D ele-ments. Linear and quadric interpolating polynomials for pressure and other associated distributions are capi-talized. Non-linearized discretization system is handled by non-linear solver renowned as PARADISO. Results and code validation is assured by performing comparison and grid convergence test respectively. The impact of flow concerning variables by considering wide ranges like Casson parameter (0.1 <= beta <= 10), Rayleigh number (10(4) <= Ra <= 10(7)), Hartmann number (20 <= Ha <= 80) and Lewis number (0.1 <= Le <= 10) on velocity, isothermal and isoconcentration fields are visualized through graphs and tables. Visualization about kinetic energy along with heat and mass transfer rates are disclosed through graphs and tables.Funding The work of U.F.-G. was supported by the Government of the Basque Country for the ELKARTEK21/10KK-2021/00014 and ELKARTEK22/85 research programs, respectively

CD14 Gene (−159 C>T) Polymorphism and its Surface Expression on Monocytes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects millions of people around the world. The innate immune response against TB starts by interaction of several receptors on monocytes with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). CD14 is one of these receptors present on the monocytes which facilitate the entry of MTB into the cell. Certain polymorphisms in CD14 gene, for example, CD14 (−159 C&gt;T) in the promotor region have suggested susceptibility of TB. AIM: This study was designed to determine and compare CD14 (−159 C&gt;T) gene polymorphism and its surface expression in pulmonary TB patients (before and during anti-TB treatment) and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised three groups (pulmonary TB patients before treatment, pulmonary TB patients during treatment, and healthy controls) whereas 53 blood samples were collected from each group. The percentage of monocytes and CD14 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured by flow cytometry whereas polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine gene polymorphism. RESULTS: CD14 MFI was significantly high in healthy controls than in TB patients (432 as compared to 193 and 365, p &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant difference in CD14 single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequencies or genotypes between TB patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: CD14 gene (−159 C&gt;T) polymorphism was not associated with pulmonary TB disease in a sample of Pakistani population and surface expression of CD14 receptor on peripheral blood monocytes decreases with active TB disease and during treatment

Role of Code Switching as an Effectual Training for Communication for Quality of Education under SDG No 4

The communicative approaches, code switching, and code mixing are measured generally in terms of bilingualism to comprehend the contents and improve the communication. To enhance quality education in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in general and SDG#4 in particular has been an enormous issue. This study aims to explore the use of code-switching as an instrumental tool in English language classes at secondary school level. Qualitative case study research design was used to explore the issue in further detail. Data were collected using open-ended semi-structured interviews from seven students and seven teachers of secondary schools in Lahore. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data that emerged nine themes under three research questions. The study found that code-switching is an effective tool for comprehension, memorization, repetition, discussion, explanation, translation, and production of the contents as and when needed. It is implied that code-switching can be proved an effective communication tool at school level for quality education under SDG#4 and can bring about positive results. Surely, the findings cannot be generalized being of qualitative study, however, can be transferable/attributable to the public schools. The study concludes that if code-switching is incorporated in teaching methodology then quality education can be ensured and SDG#4 can be achieved. Based on findings, it is recommended that further exploration on SDG#4 and communicative approaches will help to achieve quality education

Craniocerebral aspergillosis in immunocompetent hosts: Surgical perspective

Craniocerebral aspergillosis is a rare but dangerous variety of central nervous system infections. Surgery is being widely recognized as the cornerstone of management. Due to the rarity of the disease, difficulty and delay in diagnosis and poor outcome, there is very little in the literature regarding the various surgical strategies that may be adopted in these patients. Early aggressive surgery followed by chemotherapy offers the best chances. Surgical planning would depend upon the type and location of the disease process as well as the condition of the patient. Perioperative care holds immense importance and knowledge of possible complications is essential. Aspergillosis of the central nervous system is difficult to diagnose and equally difficult to treat. Surgery remains the cornerstone of management followed by systemic antifungal medications. Results are better in immunocompetent patients as compared to those who are immunocompromised