Analysis of Test Items Used in an Achievement Test in Physics at Secondary Level

Aim of present study is the analysis of test items constructed in an achievement test in the subject of physics for class IX. It is used to study the difficulty level, discrimination power and distracter analysis of each test item. The achievement test was comprised of 40 multiple choice questions. Test was administered by researcher on a sample of 250 students from Islamabad Model Schools in Sector G-9. Findings of the study showed that most of the test items fall in acceptable range of difficulty index and discrimination power. In keeping view, the findings of the study, researcher comes to know that most of the test items prove to be satisfactory regarding difficulty index and discriminating power. However, ten out of forty test items were discarded due to high or very low level of difficulty and poor discrimination power. This work is equally significant for the researchers and for the subject teachers in preparing achievement tests in order to assess performance of students with optimum level of difficulty index and discriminating power. Keywords: Item Difficulty, Discrimination Index, Distracter Analysis and Reliability.

Analysis of Test Items used in an Achievement Test in Physics at Secondary Level

Aim of present study was the analysis of test items constructed in an achievement test in the subject of physics for class IX. It was used to study the difficulty level, discrimination power and distracter analysis of each test item. The achievement test was comprised of 40 multiple choice questions. Test was administered by researcher on a sample of 250 students from Islamabad Model Schools in Sector G-9. Findings of the study showed that most of the test items fall in acceptable range of difficulty index and discrimination power. In keeping view, the findings of the study, researcher comes to know that most of the test items prove to be satisfactory regarding difficulty index and discriminating power. However, ten out of forty test items were discarded due to high or very low level of difficulty and poor discrimination power. This work is equally significant for the researchers and for the subject teachers in preparing achievement tests in order to assess performance of students with optimum level of difficulty index and discriminating power. Keywords: Item Difficulty; Discrimination Index; Distracter Analysis and Reliability. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-10-10 Publication date: April 30th 201

Enhancement of Project Performance through Risk Management and Monitoring & Evaluation with Moderating Role of Project Manager Decisional Skills

The major issue of concern right now is how to run a project successfully and efficiently. The ultimate goal is to achieve a project performance and information technology is becoming noticeably progressively centered on projects because of market dynamism and rivalry. There might be a few elements that can influence project performance; however, this research concentrates on risk management (RM), Monitoring & evaluation (M&E), project manager decisional skills (DS) and its effect on project performance (PP). Researches prove the significance of risk management at any level or any type of organizations and monitoring & evaluation is a key project performance factors. The research is based on empirical studies and quantitative research based on the questionnaire. 239 IT sector employees was taken to examine the relationships between risk management to project performance, Monitoring & evaluation to project performance and project manager decisional skills to project performance. The moderating role of project manager decisional skills also examined in RM-PP and ME-PP relationship. 4 hypotheses were being tested in which all of them comes out to be significant and correlated positively. Result shows that factors have significant impact on the project performance.  The results show that risk management and monitoring & evaluation contribute in the project performance. Results have also shown that project management decisional skills moderate the relation between risk management and monitoring & evaluation on project performance. Practical implications of the study are presented based on the results. Keywords: M&E, Risk Management, Project Manager Decisional skills, Project Performance.

The Effect of Buyer-supplier Partnership and Information Integration on Supply Chain Performance: An Experience from Chinese Manufacturing Industry

Coordination, collaboration, and cooperation are often used in business term to enhance productivity and performance, in this way the partnership with supplier and information integration always play an important role in supply chain. This study investigates the effect of Buyer-supplier partnership and information integration on supply chain performance. The study also elaborates the development of trust and guanxi between suppliers and buyers for better business environment in supply chains. This study uses structural equation modeling to analyze data collected from 218 Chinese manufacturing industries. The Buyer-supplier relationship significantly affects trust and guanxi, which subsequently influences two elements of information integration, namely, quality information and real-time information. We found that Buyer-supplier partnership and information integration have a significant effect on supply performance. Furthermore, we found that trust and guanxi are pivotal role in sustaining better relationship between supplier and business for long run and growt

Ethno botanical Uses of Globba Species: A brief Review

Globba is a well-known genus native to India, Malaysia, Indonesia and China. There are more than 100 species and they are used traditionally in number of ailments such as post partum, mouth ulcer, post natal care of mother and child, conjunctivitis, eye abrasians, asthma, leucoderma, cough, food poisoning, analgesic, antipyretic, heart pain and Stomach pain. This articles reviews list of important species with synonyms, distribution around the world, traditional uses, common names and mode of application of different species

Effect of seed layer on the performance of ZnO nanorods-based photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this paper, zinc oxide nanorods (ZnONRs) were synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at 90 °C by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine as precursors. In a first stage, the ZnO NRs were grown on un-seeded and pre-seeded fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates by direct CBD method to study the effect of the ZnO seed layer on the NRs structural, morphological and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis performed on the preseeded NRs revealed a pure ZnO hexagonal wurtzite crystalline phase, while the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) unveiled that the pre-seeded NRs exhibit a smaller diameter, higher density, higher aspect ratio and improved orientation along the c-axiswith respect to the un-seeded NRs. In a second stage, the powder obtained by aging, centrifuging and drying the precipitates formed during the CBD growth was analyzed by XRD to assess its crystal structure and phase purity and subsequently coated on un-seeded and pre-seeded FTO glass substrates by doctor blade technique. The ZnO NRs based seeded and non-seeded films fabricated by the two methods were finally used as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Interestingly, the employment of pre-seeded ZnO NRs films deposited by doctor blade technique in comparison to the counterpart electrodes synthesized by direct CBD growth has led to a noticeable increase in the DSSC photoconversion efficiency from 0.35 to 1.86%. On the other hand, the inclusion of the seed layer has effectively improved the fill factor of the DSSC I-V curves for both the photoanode deposition techniques

A Comprehensive Study Of Energy Efficient Routing In Wsn Towards Qos

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging field of wireless network comprising of few to many autonomous tiny sensors nodes, with limited processing, limited memory, limited battery power, limited bandwidth and limited wireless transmission capabilities. The life time of the sensor node depends upon the battery power. WSN are commonly used to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, sound and pressure etc. WSN is an application of MANET. Wireless sensor node collects data and sends back to the sink or Base Station (BS). Data transmission is normally multi-hop among sensor nodes that enable these nodes to transmit data from hop to hop towards the sink or BS. Wireless sensor network requires robust and energy efficient communication protocols to minimize the energy consumption as much as possible.  Main penalty area of researchers is to design the energy efficient routing protocol. Routing protocols should be energy efficient, scalable and prolong the network lifetime.But Quality of Service QoS is also a challenge for energy efficient routing protocols for researchers. QoSneeds a multi-layerlinespanning using the different layer protocol architecture. In this paper, we enlighten the energy efficient routing towards QoS in WSNs and proposes a solutionfor the QoS layer in energy efficient routing techniques in WSNs and finally, highlight some open problems and future direction of research for given that QoS in WSNs

Czy globalizacja sprzyja rozwojowi energii odnawialnej? Globalna makro-perspektywa

The contemporary world has become increasingly interdependent in terms of economic, social and political development. These various forms of interdependence, usually termed globalization, help disseminate ideas, information, products, and services around the world. Increase in globalization has also increased path-dependence, affecting economic, social, and institutional development and completing some industries, products and technologies to grow in line with the global demand and changing standards.  While the role of globalization in economic growth, technology transfer and institutional development is established in literature, the role of globalization in reversing environmental deterioration is not explored yet. The current study looks at how globalization has affected renewable energy use in high, upper middle and lower middle income countries. The empirical results based on a fixed effects model show that countries differ in terms of taking advantage of different types of globalization, i.e., economic, social and political, while transitioning towards renewable energy (RE) projects. Economic globalization has a positive influence on RE usage in the case of high and lower middle income countries, Social globalization in case of high and upper middle income countries. Contrary to the positive impacts of economic and social globalization, political globalization has a negative impact on RE usage in the case of high income countries. In addition to globalization, the effect of government effectiveness, GDP per capita and CO2 vary across the groups of countries.Współczesny świat staje się coraz bardziej współzależny pod względem rozwoju gospodarczego, społecznego i politycznego. Te różne formy współzależności, zwykle nazywane globalizacją, pomagają rozpowszechniać idee, informacje, produkty i usługi na całym świecie. Wzrost globalizacji zwiększył również inne współzależności, wpływając na rozwój gospodarczy, społeczny i instytucjonalny oraz ukończenie niektórych gałęzi przemysłu, produktów i technologii, tak aby rozwijały się zgodnie z globalnym popytem i zmieniającymi się standardami. Chociaż rola globalizacji we wzroście gospodarczym, transferze technologii i rozwoju instytucjonalnym jest ustalona w literaturze, rola globalizacji w odwracaniu degradacji środowiska nie jest jeszcze zbadana. Obecne badanie dotyczy wpływu globalizacji na wykorzystanie energii odnawialnej w krajach o wysokim, średnim i niskim średnim dochodzie. Wyniki empiryczne oparte na modelu efektów stałych pokazują, że kraje różnią się pod względem wykorzystania różnych rodzajów globalizacji, tj. gospodarczej, społecznej i politycznej, podczas przechodzenia na projekty związane z energią odnawialną (OZE). Globalizacja gospodarcza ma pozytywny wpływ na wykorzystanie OZE w przypadku krajów o wysokim i niskim średnim dochodzie, Globalizacja społeczna w przypadku krajów o wysokim i wyższym średnim dochodzie. W przeciwieństwie do pozytywnych skutków globalizacji gospodarczej i społecznej, globalizacja polityczna ma negatywny wpływ na wykorzystanie OZE w przypadku krajów o wysokich dochodach. Oprócz globalizacji wpływ skuteczności rządów, PKB na mieszkańca i CO2 jest różny w poszczególnych grupach krajów

La actitud de los estudiantes hacia la biología en las escuelas secundarias de Islamabad, Pakistán

In this age of science and technology, the world is facing geographical challenges, whereasthe future nation builders are losing their interest even in science subjects, especially, inbiology. There are numerous factors that contributed towards students’ success in a particularsubject but the most important one is their attitude towards that subject. The focus of thepresent study was to investigate the attitude of students towards Biology in SecondarySchools in Islamabad. The population of this study comprised all 10th grade Biology studentsin different institutions in Islamabad. Owing to the shortage of time, the researcher selected506 students (from six public and four private schools) as a convenience sample for this study.These students were administered through a valid and reliable instrument known as “BiologyAttitude Scale” (BAS) developed by the researcher. The study used a 5-point Likert type scaleto measure students’ attitude towards Biology on seven dimensions: “Interest in Biology”,“Career in Biology”, “Importance of Biology”, “Biology Teacher”, “Difficulty in Biology”,“Equipment use in Biology” and “Methodology of Biology”. Students’ attitude toward Biologywas analyzed by using the mean score of an individual statement. The findings of the studyrevealed that overall students showed a positive attitude towards Biology. Female studentsexhibited a positive attitude as compared to male students. Similarly, students in publicschools showed a positive attitude toward students of private schools.En esta era de la ciencia y la tecnología, el mundo enfrenta desafíos geográficos, mientras que los futuros constructores de naciones están perdiendo su interés incluso en temas de ciencias, especialmente en biología. Existen numerosos factores que contribuyeron al éxito de los estudiantes en un tema en particular, pero el más importante es su actitud hacia ese tema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la actitud de los estudiantes hacia la biología en las escuelas secundarias de Islamabad. La población de este estudio comprendió a todos los estudiantes de biología de 10º grado en diferentes instituciones en Islamabad. Debido a la escasez de tiempo, el investigador seleccionó a 506 estudiantes (de seis escuelas públicas y cuatro privadas) como muestra de conveniencia para este estudio. Estos estudiantes fueron administrados a través de un instrumento válido y confiable conocido como "Biology Attitude Scale" (BAS) desarrollado por el investigador. El estudio utilizó una escala tipo Likert de 5 puntos para medir la actitud de los estudiantes hacia la biología en siete dimensiones: "Interés en biología", "Carrera en biología", "Importancia de la biología", "Profesor de biología", "Dificultad en biología", "Uso de equipos en biología" y "Metodología de la biología". La actitud de los estudiantes hacia la biología se analizó utilizando el puntaje promedio de una declaración individual. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que los estudiantes en general mostraron una actitud positiva hacia la biología. Las estudiantes exhibieron una actitud positiva en comparación con los estudiantes varones. Del mismo modo, los estudiantes en las escuelas públicas mostraron una actitud positiva hacia los estudiantes de las escuelas privadas