WHAT IS THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTION? A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Theoretical contribution is a process which is based on the theory development and advancement in existing theory with some logics and facts. This study has focused on some theoretical contribution related question and their answers through the narrative review of literature. This study will highlight what is the theory? And what are the major building blocks of theory? How authors can contribute in theory? The answers for these questions during theoretical studies will enhance the impact of paper and also increase the chance of publication. This study also suggested how theoretical concepts can be practical implemented in the society and organizations to enhance organizational performance and validate the theory.  Â

Electrochemical Water Splitting Using NiO-NiFe2O4/MWCNTs Nanocomposite as Electrocatalyst

Escalating energy demands, scarcity of conventional energy resources and environmental concerns are the key to fuel production through water splitting. Various electrocatalysts have been reported, considering the cost effectiveness, stability and OER (oxygen evolution reaction) activity. In the same context, porous hybrid NiO-NiFe2O4/MWCNTs based nanocomposite as an OER electrocatalyst, has been investigated in the current study. The synthesis has been accomplished via co-precipitation using Tween as a surfactant. Characterization and electrochemical study for water electrolysis using synthesized electrocatalyst deposited glassy Carbon (GC) electrode as anode was carried out using relevant tools. Iron-doped Nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesized recognizing excellent oxygen evolution activity of NiO and its increase in conductivity with Fe incorporation due to its higher electropositivity. Nanocomposites were synthesized by incorporating upto 20% weight percent MWCNT (Multiwall carbon nanotubes). High surface to volume ratios, stability and excellent conductivity of MWCNTs furthermore, reduction of crystallite sized due to their incorporation enhanced the performance of the electrocatalyst significantly. Hybrid formation of NiO and NiFe2O4 at a certain calcination temperature was also found to be the reason for enhanced OER activity due to the increased grain boundaries. Porous NiO-NiFe2O4/MWCNTs with 10% MWCNTs concentration outperformed with 35mA/cm2 of current density at 1.8V in alkaline media

WHAT IS THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTION? A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Theoretical contribution is a process which is based on the theory development and advancement in existing theory with some logics and facts. This study has focused on some theoretical contribution related question and their answers through the narrative review of literature. This study will highlight what is the theory? And what are the major building blocks of theory? How authors can contribute in theory? The answers for these questions during theoretical studies will enhance the impact of paper and also increase the chance of publication. This study also suggested how theoretical concepts can be practical implemented in the society and organizations to enhance organizational performance and validate the theory. 

Ecological Applications of Enzymes in Plants Based Textile Dyeing

Biotechnology has a foremost role in the textile industry by enhancing ecofriendly, cost-effective, and energy-efficient manufacturing processes. The use of enzymatic biotechnology is one of the sustainable newly developed state-of-the-art processes for textile processing. To reduce the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals, enzymes have been proposed as one of the finest promising alternatives. Many enzymes have been used widely in textile processes such as lipase, laccase, pectinase, cellulase, catalase, amylase, and protease. The enzymatic use in the textile industry is very promising because they produce top-class goods, and give way to the reduction of water, time, and energy. The increasing demand for natural dyes especially with the incorporation of enzymes makes process more sustainable and eco-friendlier to suppress the toxicity of synthetic dyes. In the first part of the chapter, particular attention has been given to the source and extraction of natural dyes. In the second part of the chapter, different enzymes and their possible roles in the textile industry have been discussed. It is expected that this chapter will provide an innovative direction to the academic researchers, the community of textile and traders as well as artisans who are working in the area of biotechnological applications for the betterment of textile processing

A New Ensemble-Based Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things

The domain of Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed immense adaptability over the last few years by drastically transforming human lives to automate their ordinary daily tasks. This is achieved by interconnecting heterogeneous physical devices with different functionalities. Consequently, the rate of cyber threats has also been raised with the expansion of IoT networks which puts data integrity and stability on stake. In order to secure data from misuse and unusual attempts, several intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been proposed to detect the malicious activities on the basis of predefined attack patterns. The rapid increase in such kind of attacks requires improvements in the existing IDS. Machine learning has become the key solution to improve intrusion detection systems. In this study, an ensemble-based intrusion detection model has been proposed. In the proposed model, logistic regression, naive Bayes, and decision tree have been deployed with voting classifier after analyzing model’s performance with some prominent existing state-of-the-art techniques. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been analyzed using CICIDS2017 dataset. The results illustrate significant improvement in terms of accuracy as compared to existing models in terms of both binary and multi-class classification scenarios

Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIMS: We sought to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov till March 2023 to retrieve all randomized controlled trials of SGLT2i in patients with HFpEF or HFmrEF. Risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included data from 14 RCTs. SGLT2i reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint of first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.87; I2 = 0%); these results were consistent across the cohorts of HFmrEF and HFpEF patients. There was no significant decrease in the risk of cardiovascular death (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.13; I2 = 36%) and all-cause mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.05; I2 = 0%). There was a significant improvement in the quality of life in the SGLT2i group (SMD 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.20; I2 = 51%). CONCLUSION: The use of SGLT2i is associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome and a higher quality of life among HFpEF/HFmrEF patients. However, further research involving more extended follow-up periods is required to draw a comprehensive conclusion. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42022364223)

Development of a supply chain model for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil for sustainable development

The increasing demand for energy and the severe environmental and economic repercussions have contributed to the development of renewables options. The scarcity of fossil fuels and their negative effect on the environment have sparked an alarming situation for alternative energy sources that are cleaner and more sustainable. Waste cooking oil is a valuable feedstock for biodiesel production, but it is often disposed of improperly, causing environmental pollution and health hazards. The current waste cooking oil supply chain in Pakistan and other countries is fragmented, inefficient, and often unregulated, leading to a lack of standardization and quality control. The study aims to develop a comprehensive supply chain model that integrates waste cooking oil collection, transportation, processing, and biodiesel production to create a sustainable value chain that benefits the environment, the economy, and society as a whole. The proposed optimization approach reduces the total expenses associated with the activities of the biodiesel supply chain. Modified possibilistic chance constrained programming (MPCCP) is used as a solution technique to represent this uncertainty. The MPCCP model is solved with the assistance of Lingo 18.0, while fuzzy logic demand forecasting was done using MATLAB. Accordingly, the fuzzy logic designer (FLD) simulation was conducted to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of FLD simulation for the particular kind of issue being considered. The research, not only focuses on mitigating environmental and health risks associated with improper waste cooking oil disposal, resulting in reduced pollution and a cleaner environment but it also advocates for the efficient utilization of waste cooking oil as a valuable feedstock for biodiesel production, thereby promoting a more sustainable and renewable energy source. By optimizing supply chain activities and minimizing costs, the research contributes to enhancing economic growth and efficiency within the biodiesel industry. This research encourages further exploration and collaboration among researchers and stakeholders to expand the applications of the proposed model in waste management, renewable energy, and supply chain optimization