Public Policies and Sustainability of Industrial Growth in Pakistan

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of public policies on the growth and development of the industries sector of Pakistan. Based on the supporting arguments, it historically reviews the performance of the industrial sector during the last seven decades (from 1951 to 2020), pointing out the flaws in the formulation and implementation of public policies. The components of the industrial structure are required to identify the major obstacles hampering the growth and sustainability of this sector. The components like; industrial power supply, credit facility, technical and vocational education to industrial workers, flexible taxation system, and basic infrastructure facilities are given emphasis here and are thought to be of more importance in the rapid industrial progress in the country. Likewise, the security issue and law and order situation is also of greater importance in giving protection to physical as well as human resources in the overall industrial structure. The paper also suggests coherent sustainable policy recommendations as a way forward for the sustainable industrial growth of Pakistan in the larger public interest

Exploring Reasons on Lexical Borrowing from English Language (L2) to Sindhi Language (L1)

The term lexical borrowing is often used to express the system through which one language borrows words from another language to renew its linguistic system. The current research papers focuses to explore the reasons of borrowing words from English language (L1) into Sindhi language (L1). The current study employs qualitative research methodology to explore the reasons of borrowing words from English language. Research tool used to collect data was semi structured interviews and convenient sampling was taken as a source. Participants were (n=5) from a public sector university of Sindh. Data was examined and analyzed through thematic analysis. The major reasons behind lexical borrowing discovered were; code switching and code mixing result in borrowing, importance and exposure of English and lack of vocabulary in Sindhi (L1). Keywords: Lexical borrowing, reasons, Sindhi language, English language. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/83-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Exploring Language Attitudes of Undergraduate English Language Learners Towards Sindhi (L1) and English (L2)

The aim of this paper was to investigate the language attitudes of undergraduate English language learners (ELLs) towards Sindhi (their mother tongue) and English language which were affected through dominant discourse of language policy. The participants for the current study were selected from the Institute of English language and Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The study used semi structured interviews in order to collect the in-depth data about language attitudes of students towards Sindhi and English language. The researcher used purposive sampling, total number of the participants considered in the study were (n=10). Thematic analysis was used for analysisng the data of the study. The findings of the study revealed that undergraduate English language learners (ELLs) have more positive attitudes towards English language than Sindhi language (their mother tongue). The participants perceived that their personalities are grooming. They are being encouraged and considered educated when they speak English language. On the other hand talking about language attitudes towards Sindhi language participants shared that they don’t feel any change in their personalities. They are discouraged to speak Sindhi language and considered as less hard working and less intelligent when they speak Sindhi language. Keywords: Language attitude, English language learners, Sindhi, English, language policy. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/84-02 Publication date: December 31st 202

Effects of Perceived Parenting Styles on Disruptive Behavior among Adolescents

Adolescence is a very crucial stage of development. In order to determine the effect of perceived parenting styles on disruptive behavior, this study was planned to conduct among adolescents. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents who were taken from Multan City by using Purposive sampling technique. Parenting styles scale developed by Jody Powell (1990) and Beck Disruptive Behavior Inventory developed by Beck (2005) were used to assess perceived parenting styles and disruptive behavior respectively. The results indicated that there was a negative correlation between parenting styles and disruptive behavior. Results also showing the significant difference among male and female adolescence disruptive behavior and also defined that there is no significant difference in disruptive behavior among rural and urban adolescence. More studies should be conducted on this issue because it is important to enhance the positive child rearing practices in order to avoid problems in later life

Impact of Self Efficacy on Personal Growth among Distance Learners

Self-efficacy is the person’s complete belief on his or her abilities that he or she succeeds in a specific situation. Different activities covered by Personal growth which develop aptitudes, improve identity and boost our quality of life. The present study was intended to explore the impact of self-efficacy on personal growth among distance learners. It was deeply focused on new emerging trend of distance learning in Pakistan. Data was collected through simple random sampling from participants (males and females) aged 20-32. For the purpose of data collection two scales were used in this research i.e., Personal Growth Initiative Scale (PGIS -II; Robitschek, Ashton, Spering, Geiger, Byers, Schotts, & Thoen, 2012) and Self Efficacy scale (Schwarzer &Jerusalem,2000). Analysis of the data revealed that there is a significant impact of self-efficacy on personal growth. No gender differences were found on personal growth Initiative and self-efficacy. The findings conclude that the present study will be fruitful in uplifting the society’s emerging trend of distance learning and to provide quality education to the door step of every member of the society

PREVALENCE OF CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICES IN MARRIED WOMEN OF NAINSUKH VILLAGE NEAR LAHORE

ABSTRACT Introduction: Overpopulation is one of the biggest problems faced globally by many developing countries which include Pakistan as well. Pakistan is the seventh most populous country of the world. By 2050 Pakistan will be ranked as the fourth largest nation of the world and its population will grow to 285 million. This study was planned to evaluate the prevalence of contraceptive use in a semi urban area Nainsukh near Lahore, Pakistan and to find out the major factors playing role in selection of contraceptive method. The contraceptive prevalence rate was 35.2% among married females of Nainsukh. It was observed that the most common method used by couples was condom used by 11.70% of the respondents. OCP were used by 4.6%, IUCD by 6.5%. Tubal ligation was opted by 4.6% of the participants. Major source of information was family planning center for 24.8% and friends gave this information to 14.98% of the women. Mother in law 5.9%, dai 9.1%, media 7.8% were other sources. Mean duration of use of contraceptive method was reported to be 2.45 ± 1.81 years. The most common reason of not using any contraceptive method was lack of awareness 29% and religious beliefs 23%. Approximately 58.3% of the clients were getting contraception facilities from private sector. Source of supply was lady doctor for 6.2% and LHW by 5.2%. About 5.5% of the females reported abortion as a choice to be used for contraception and only 4.2% were aware of emergency contraceptive methods

Post-abortion care in Pakistan: A national study

The objectives of this Population Council study were twofold: first to collect information on prevailing practices of abortion and post‐abortion care in Pakistan and, second, to gauge changes in the magnitude and quality of abortion‐related complications and care during the last decade (since the 2002 national study of “Unwanted Pregnancy and Post‐abortion Complications in Pakistan”). The study found that the level of post‐abortion family planning (FP) counseling in both public and private health facilities offering PAC services was inadequate. There has been no improvement over the decade in the level of counseling reported, and, even more disappointingly, only half of health facilities provided women receiving PAC with contraceptives. We therefore recommend that family planning should be included in all medical curricula, from the undergraduate level to in-service trainings. Interaction, coordination, and synergy between the departments of family planning and gynecology/obstetrics in hospitals should be strengthened to ensure that contraceptive supplies and FP counseling become standard operating procedure both following a delivery (postpartum) and after women have received post‐abortion care

4-[(4-Methyl­benzene­sulfonamido)­meth­yl]cyclo­hexa­necarb­oxy­lic acid

The title compound, C15H21NO4S, crystallized with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the benzene and cyclo­hexane rings are 78.3 (2) and 67.6 (2)°. The substituents of the cyclo­hexyl rings are in equatorial orientations. In the crystal, both mol­ecules form R 2 2(6) carb­oxy­lic acid inversion dimers via pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Further N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions generate a three-dimensional network

Influence of personality traits on open access mode of publishing

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of personality traits on perception and acceptance of open access (OA) mode of publishing by the author community of University of Kashmir, India. The study is an attempt to highlight the relationship between personality traits of authors and OA mode of publishing. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the responses of 48 faculty members affiliated with different Departments of Science Discipline of University of Kashmir. Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience) were tapped through ten-item personality inventory, and information regarding OA was gauged through six self-devised statements. Findings – Pearson correlation test confirms statistically significant relation between personality traits and different dimensions of OA mode of publishing. Personality traits are found to have an influence on author’s perception of OA mode of publishing. However, the study could not ascertain any relation between the notions of an author about the quality of OA content with any of the personality traits. Emotionally stable authors are found to explicitly submit their work in OA journals without any anxiety or negativity. Agreeable and conscientious authors also prefer to keep their work open to make it helpful to the broader audience and get maximum recognition from peers and citations to their work respectively. However, some authors (agreeable) hesitate in submitting their work in open platforms due to the fear of getting their works easily copie