The Ulam stability of non-linear Volterra integro-dynamic equations on time scales

This manuscript presents the Ulam stability results of non-linear Volterra integro-dynamic equation and its adjoint equation on time scales. First, we obtain the Ulam stability of adjoint equation by using the integrating factor method. Then, the Ulam stability of the corresponding equation is proved by means of the property of the exponential function and related results that are proved in adjoint equation with the help of integrating factor method. At the end, an example is given that shows the validity of our main results

Empowering youth: developing spiritual and intellectual enhancement in youth

In this era of information and technology engaging around us, knowledge has been made the essential foundation to build a modern and dynamic generation of a country. Even our holy book of guidance, the Quran, has repeatedly called believers to continue to seek knowledge as a way to transform ourselves as vicegerents of the Almighty. Chapter 45, verse 13 of the Quran, emphasized that knowledge is the perfect medium for us to reflect and understand the attributes of Allah through his creations. Thus, as the generation of this modernized era, we should consistently seek the opportunity to increase our knowledge in various aspects, be it spiritually or otherwise. To this, it cannot be denied that most of our knowledge is attained through a formal educational institution, specifically schools. Such an institution provides convenient learning space, ambiance, and facilities to mould the students into a figure that is well equipped with concrete facts and information, as well as the fundamental communication skills needed. The assistance of schools in shaping these students give out great importance since they are considered to be future leaders. Focus and emphasis should be channelled to improvise the characteristics of the youth of today, as we know by nurturing them to become successful leaders of tomorrow should be carried out at a young age. Through this study, we get to witness first-hand the situation that the students nowadays are going through at school. The prerequisites to a good education, which are the school facilities and the school environment must be taken care of, to establish a quality learning process. However, the standard of youth in our society is not up to the mark as anticipated. The background of this study is to highlight the decay of morality, lack of discipline, deterioration of healthcare, and its system in schools, weakening the mental strength of our youth, which is rampant in our community. Hence, the objective of this paper is to observe the five main attributes of the students, discipline, physical strength, spiritual power, mental quality, and behaviour change, which are the primary key to determine whether our youths are on the right track in configuring leaders of tomorrow. The methodology applied in this research is quantitative, for that, questionnaires will be prepared, interviews with school children from targeted primary and secondary schools in Gombak area will be conducted, analysis of interviews’ reports will be conducted consequently, and finally, the publication of the polished paper is planned at the end

Chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori: a histopathological study of gastric mucosal biopsies

The aim of this study was to observe the histological features of chronic gastritis and associated effects due to Helicobacter pylori infection in 176 randomly selected antral biopsy specimens of chronic gastritis cases. The specimens were reviewed for the presence or absence of H.pylori. The activity (neutrophilic infiltration) of gastritis and the presence or absence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) were also noted. Chi-square test (Pearson value) was used to analyze categorical variables. H.pylori was detected in 110 (62.5%) cases of chronic gastritis. There was a significant association between H.pylori infection and activity of chronic gastritis (p=0.002). Lymphoid aggregates were significantly more frequently noted in H.pylori-positive patients (68.2%) vs. H.pylori negative group (47%), (p=0.005). It is concluded that H.pylori is significantly associated with active chronic gastritis and with formation of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which may develop into gastric lymphoma (MALT type)

Islam in China seas: Islam and Muslims in Myanmar

In China seas, Malakka strait has been a center of trade zone for Asian countries today. It has been a strategic maritime root where kingdoms of Majapahit, Tiriwizara, Malakka Kingdom, Pagan, Hantawaddy and Konbong Kingdoms of Myanmar benefited tremendously. Trade and diplomatic relationship Between China and Burma has been traditionally excellent till date for they are connected by land as well as sea. Burma, presently called Myanmar has been an important country from the perspective of geo-politics in the region, but the history of Muslims with the population of 5 million in this country beyond the Second World War II has been worse to the extent, they are struggling for survival. Muslims have been living in Myanmar for the last few thousand years. The previous Buddhist rulers of the country and the British administration that followed, provided full rights of citizenship to them without discrimination. Thus, they enjoyed every segment of life, business, the community, society, educational institutions and politics. In the light of these welcoming circumstances, Muslims were happy to contribute to the nation by joining the army, the police force, government institutions such as health care, education, trade, business, agriculture as well as in politics and as legislators in the parliament of Myanmar. Nevertheless, their unfortunate history began when military rule came into power in 1962. All the rights and responsibilities they had enjoyed over the years became restricted. Discrimination policies were applied in every segment of national institutions even their citizenship rights were threatened. The discrimination continued to the extent that their racial status as one of the 145 races of Myanmar was removed. Consequently, frequent riots, afflictions and violence against Muslim minorities became the norm, resulting in a peaceful coexistence between Muslim minorities and the majority Buddhists becoming impossible. The objective of this paper was to research the historical existence and identification of Muslims in Myanmar. It is hoped that the findings of this work will support a theory of peaceful coexistence between Muslims and Buddhists in Myanmar

Size of the Bimodality by using Trapezoidal Rule

This study investigates size of the bimodality to illustrate the gap between two modes/peaks in a bimodal distribution. To get this goal, one of the definite integral (i.e. Trapezoidal rule) is used on the mixture of normals (the mixture of one normal and the second one standard normal) with the selected parameter values of mean, mixing proportion and standard deviation. From the results, an increase of size of bimodality is identified if mean increases while all other parameters remain constant. A similar situation of increasing pattern of bimodality size has been observed when parametric values of mixing proportion increases (varies) while keeping other parameter values constant. However, a fraction changed is revealed in the size of bimodality if values of mean and mixing proportion are kept constant while standard deviation varies

Credit supply constraints and financial policies of listed companies during the 2007–2009 financial crisis

This study examines the effects of lending constraints on the financial policies of UK publicly listed companies during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. Using a sample of 2039 publicly listed firms, the results of our analysis indicate that financial policies of firms are sensitive to variations in the supply of external finance and credit, suggesting that liquidity-constraint firms with low cash reserves suffered more at the time of the credit crunch. While managing through the potential negative effects of the financial crisis, majority of the sample companies increased the use of internal finance and deferred the payments of dividends which helped them apply effective financial policies during the crisis period. The findings of this study also document that during the crisis period, financial policies of firms were exposed to variations in the supply of finance and credit, which, by implication, posed a threat to their operations, sustainability and growth. Our findings produce awareness about the negative effects of the non-availability of external finance and credit supply to listed companies, and signify the role of different financing channels and credit system in the operations and growth of listed companies. These findings have implications for financial regulation and policy making in the UK

Muslims in Myanmar

Muslims of Myamar have been living in the country for more than one thousand years; yet their identities remained unanswered. Their lives are full of challenges and the frequent clashes between them and the Buddhists signify an uncomfortable atmosphere. Their life is an example of identity crisis prevailing in our contemporary world. Currently, their economic life, educational level, social, religious and political status is below the recognized standard. The alarming numbers of poor, jobless, destitute, uneducated, illiterate, refugees and locally displaced Muslims are on the rise. Once the social and moral values are at desperate level, maintaining Islamic identity for the Muslims of Myanmar is unthinkable. Since 2012 Myanmar has shown its desire to participate in democratization whereas many reform activities have taken place. However, the contributions of Muslims are still unacknowledged whether they themselves are inactive or are put aside. The current violence pertaining to Rohingya in the western part of Myanmar highlighted again the ailing episode of Muslims. The violence is seen frequently in Myanmar. It is suggested that the reason of affliction against the Muslims is Islamophobia. This book suggests to the Muslims of Myanmar that they need to solicit the minority status on the basis of religion so as to officially claim the right of minority as well as to enhance their literacy rate and educational standards, particularly in tertiary education by which they can be considered as an indispensable community in the process of democratization of the nation paving the way for ending disputes and see prosperity of the Muslims again

Internet Usage from Islamic Perspective: A Preliminary Survey with First Year Medical Students, Kuantan Campus, Pahang 2015

Background: The internet today has become a greater part of every citizen?s life which helps many successful, although, many fall in failure if not utilize it carefully. The usage of the Internet is bringing welfare of mankind while avoiding different types of drawback, many of us unable to identify it. This study measured the level of Internet addiction (IA) among students and explored their perspectives on using the Internet based on religious background. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done at IIUM, Kuantan Campus, Pahang in July 2015. A total of 103 first year medical students was organized purposely. Internet addiction of the participants was assessed using online questionnaires containing Internet Addiction Test-20. Benefits (7-items) and disadvantages (5-items) Internet usage from Islamic perspective was analysed with (12) relevant questionnaires pertaining basic themes of Islam such as, ?Islamic Religion, Ibadah, Greeting, Social Responsibility, Muslim?s Issues, Ummah, Da?wah, Islamic Business, Al Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Islamic Study?. Results: Prevalence of normal (5.8%, n=6), mild IA (48.5%, n=50), moderate IA (44.7%, n=46) and severe IA (1%, n=1) were resulted respectively. Mean (SD) age of students was 20.9 (0.5) years, 35.9% male, 64.1% female, 96.1% residents at dormitory, 48.5% using the Internet more than 7 years, 64.1% spend on line 2 to 5 hours/day and 78.6% Smartphone users. Regarding Islamic perspective, 80% of the users acknowledged that Internet usage can provide benefits in enhancing Islamic knowledge, while 20% disagreed with regarding positive Internet usages. For negative usages of the Internet, 60% of the users approved as negative and 40% recognized as it was beneficial. Conclusion: Internet usage has been proven to be beneficial to all Muslims and it can be an effective tool for Da?wah activities, but it is highly recommended that it has to be utilized with a great caution while keeping the importance of the concept of Islamic teaching

Creating sustainable development at Kampung Tengah, Gombak

A Day at Kampung Tangah, Gombak Special attention towards Prosperity of People called Insan Sajehtera is the most preferable and significant project of IIUM. Keeping in mind that the improving quality of faith (Iman), knowledge (Ilm) and good character (Akhlaq), we are liable to serve as agents of comprehensive progress for sustainable Development of Malaysia and Muslim Ummah. Dr Maulana, from FIDS, and Dr Lee, of PS are assigned to engage at Kampung Tengah Gombak, for implementing our project of SDG