Research on the Path of Consumption Tax Reform in the Context of Promoting High-Quality Development

Consumption tax, as an important tax in my country’s tax system, faces challenges such as tax items, tax rates, taxation link settings, and coordinated adjustments with other taxes in the context of high-quality economic development. The future direction of reform is to promote high-quality with development as the goal, tax items, tax rates, and tax collection links should be reasonably set up, and coordinated adjustment functions should be achieved together with other tax types

Dynamic pricing with the counter-conformity, conformity and non-conformity of consumer behavior

Confronted with well-informed consumers, the firms have to take everything into consideration. Through the classic game theory, pricing mechanism is discussed with different characteristics of consumer behavior. The consumer population is heterogeneous along two dimensions: they may have an inclination towards the obedience of the public and different degrees of patience. After introducing the price deviation variables, we demonstrate that heterogeneity in both inclination and patience is important because they jointly determine the structure of optimal pricing policies. The numerical example shows that the markdown degree, the expected purchasing amount of consumers and the expected profits of the firm are increasing with the increase of the proportion of counter-conformity consumers. And we also examine whether the discount rate of capital, counter-conformity consumers and myopic consumers will have an impact on the sales. In particular, when the discount rate and the proportion of the conformity customers are too high, the expected profits of the firm are increasing mildly with the increase of the proportion of myopic customers. Therefore, the discount rate and characteristics of consumer behavior should be considered together to maximize the revenue of firms

Infection routes, invasion mechanisms, and drug inhibition pathways of human coronaviruses on the nervous system

So far, numerous studies have reported on how coronaviruses affect the human nervous system. However, these studies mainly focused on the impact of a single coronavirus on the nervous system, and failed to fully report the invasion mechanisms and the rules of symptoms of the seven human coronaviruses. This research can assist medical professionals in identifying the regularity of coronavirus invasion into the nervous system by examining the impacts of human coronaviruses on the nervous system. Meanwhile, the discovery also helps humans to prevent the damage to the human nervous system caused by the more novel coronavirus in advance, thus reducing the rate of disease transmission and fatality caused by such viruses. In addition to describing the structures, routes of infection, and symptomatic manifestations of human coronaviruses, this review also finds that the structures of human coronaviruses correlate with virulence, pathways of infection, and blocking mechanisms of drugs. This review can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of related drugs, promote the prevention and treatment of coronavirus infectious diseases, and contribute to global epidemic prevention

Improving Responsiveness of Time-Sensitive Applications by Exploiting Dynamic Task Dependencies

In this paper, a mechanism is presented for reducing priority inversion in multi-programmed computing systems. Contrarily to well-known approaches from the literature, this paper tackles cases where the dependency relationships among tasks cannot be known in advance to the operating system (OS). The presented mechanism allows tasks to explicitly declare said relationships, enabling the OS scheduler to take advantage of such information and trigger priority inheritance, resulting in reduced priority inversion. We present the prototype implementation of the concept within the Linux kernel, in the form of modifications to the standard POSIX condition variables code, along with an extensive evaluation including a quantitative assessment of the benefits for applications making use of the technique, as well as comprehensive overhead measurements. Also, we present an associated technique for theoretical schedulability analysis of a system using the new mechanism, which is useful to determine whether all tasks can meet their deadlines or not, in the specific scenario of tasks interacting only through remote procedure calls, and under partitioned scheduling