Challenges of Service Deliveries in Public Institutions: Evidence from Adama and Addis Ababa City Administrations of Ethiopia

Over the past decade, discussions on concept of good governance in public service deliveries have been unsystematic. Improved public service deliveries through the effective use of citizen engagement policies and strategies by governments and other governance actors are not explored. This study undertook empirically-grounded research focusing on “how” public services are provided, rather than on “which” services are provided. The research attempted to use both qualitative and quantitative data, employing probability and non-probability sampling techniques to collect data at different stages. The previous evidence revealed that while ineffective service delivery are considerable challenges faced by public service, they are not insurmountable. Especially, the principles that can objectively guide the public service institutions, not only on service delivery standards, but also on public participation as well is not strictly followed by the institution under study. Citizens are not just consumers of services rendered by government, but are also critical role players with a stake in the election of governments and how such governments should run the affairs of the country. Keywords: Good governance, Decentralization,  Participation, Service delivery DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-7-01 Publication date:July 31st 202

Challenges of Service Deliveries in Public Institutions: Evidence from Adama and Addis Ababa City Administrations of Ethiopia

Over the past decade, discussions on concept of good governance in public service deliveries have been unsystematic. Improved public service deliveries through the effective use of citizen engagement policies and strategies by governments and other governance actors are not explored. This study undertook empirically-grounded research focusing on “how” public services are provided, rather than on “which” services are provided. The research attempted to use both qualitative and quantitative data, employing probability and non-probability sampling techniques to collect data at different stages. The previous evidence revealed that while ineffective service delivery are considerable challenges faced by public service, they are not insurmountable. Especially, the principles that can objectively guide the public service institutions, not only on service delivery standards, but also on public participation as well is not strictly followed by the institution under study. Citizens are not just consumers of services rendered by government, but are also critical role players with a stake in the election of governments and how such governments should run the affairs of the country. Keywords: Good governance, Decentralization,  Participation, Service delivery DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-10-04 Publication date: April 30th 202

Challenges of Service Deliveries in Public Institutions: Evidence from Adama and Addis Ababa City Administrations of Ethiopia

Over the past decade, discussions on concept of good governance in public service deliveries have been unsystematic. Improved public service deliveries through the effective use of citizen engagement policies and strategies by governments and other governance actors are not explored. This study undertook empirically-grounded research focusing on “how” public services are provided, rather than on “which” services are provided. The research attempted to use both qualitative and quantitative data, employing probability and non-probability sampling techniques to collect data at different stages. The previous evidence revealed that while ineffective service delivery are considerable challenges faced by public service, they are not insurmountable. Especially, the principles that can objectively guide the public service institutions, not only on service delivery standards, but also on public participation as well is not strictly followed by the institution under study. Citizens are not just consumers of services rendered by government, but are also critical role players with a stake in the election of governments and how such governments should run the affairs of the country. Keywords: Good governance, Decentralization,  Participation, Service delivery DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-8-02 Publication date:August 31st 202

The Importance of Developmental Assets to the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development among Norwegian Youth

Positive youth development (PYD) focuses on the positive assets of young people. The PYD framework views young people as resources to be developed. PYD research in the US has reported relationship between developmental assets and the experience of positive developmental outcomes (i.e., the five Cs), where young people who report several developmental assets also report positive developmental outcomes such as academic achievements. The present study examines the importance of developmental assets in Norwegian youth and whether there is a relationship between the experienced levels of assets and the five Cs of PYD. 220 upper secondary school students (47.7% female) aged 16-20 (mean age = 17.3) were surveyed. Findings from the correlation analysis showed that all developmental assets correlated significantly with the five Cs. Further regression analysis revealed significant associations between the five Cs and some of the developmental assets but not all of them. The environment asset category School did not show any association with any one of the five Cs of PYD. Based on the findings developmental assets can provide good framework for promoting positive developmental outcomes in the Norwegian youth. Further research is needed to better understand the experience of developmental assets is the Norwegian context.Master's Thesis in PsychologyMAPSYK330INTL-KMDINTL-HFINTL-SVMAPS-PSYKINTL-MNINTL-PSYKINTL-JUSINTL-ME

Pattern, Challenges and Prospect of Livelihood Diversification Through Small Business. A Comparative Study in Three Climatic Zone of Rural Ethiopia

The study is aimed at exploring patterns and prospects of livelihood diversification through small business using a comparative study in three climatic zone of rural Ethiopia. Although rural households, who are primarily agricultural, used to deploy their resources between farm and rural small business to diversify incomes and reduce the inherent risk embedded in the dependence of agricultural production, little attention is given by policy makers to diversification out of agriculture as a peasant survival strategy. With respect to the types of small business, participant households in all climatic zone are engaged in different business activities from which goat, sheep, fatten ox and chat trading are the major one. To exploit the benefit that could be obtained from small business and thereby improve food security in the rural area, proper attention should be given by the government to enhance the existing small business as expansions of such schemes are a necessary condition for the gradual reduction of agricultural labor force. Keywords: Livelihood diversification, Small business, Rural households DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-28-01 Publication date:October 31st 201

Growth Impact and Determinants of China's Outbound Direct Investment into Ethiopia

在过去的十几年，中国对非洲地区的直接投资（outbounddirectinvestment,ODI)增长迅猛。这一增长趋势引起了业界、学界以及政府决策部门等的广泛兴趣，感兴趣背后的原因很多，其中既有担忧中国的对非投资损害了非洲的利益也有希望这些投资能促进非洲经济发展。尽管已有不少文献研究中国对外直接投资的动因及其对当地经济发展的影响，但到目前为止，尚无文献从企业层面的数据出发，全面而严谨地研究中国对撒哈拉以南地区的直接投资问题，本论文基于埃塞俄比亚的企业级数据，对中国在埃直接投资的决定因素、动机及对当地经济的影响进行系统深入的研究，以弥补这方面的研究空白。 本论文一共7章，包含4个主要经...Over the past decade, China’s outbound direct investment (ODI) flows into Africa have increased rapidly. The increase has generated interest and some concern amongst practitioners, policymakers and academics, and attracted considerable media attention. The reasons for this are many, and reflect the mix of fears and hopes from such increase. Although there have been many attempts to analyse the det...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院_世界经济学号：1572010015429

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHINA’S ONE CHILD POLICY

对于中国，以及整个世界来说，计划生育政策是政府通过干预手段进行人口增长控制的最重要的社会政策之一。本研究的目的是评估中国自1979年起实施的雄心勃勃的控制人口增长的计划生育政策给中国带来的经济影响及人口问题对其经济的挑战。首先，本文对计划生育政策做了简短的历史回顾，并探讨了中国人口动态和人口年龄结构的过去，现状及将来的变化。本论文还介绍了印度和瑞典的人口动态，并提供了关于这些国家在人口政策方面的努力及在人口控制与管理方面与中国的比较分析。对这两个国家的案例分析有助于更深入了解不同国家制定和实施的控制人口增长所采取的政策，及它们今后对人口变化的影响，也能更好地了解不同政策选择的有效性。对过去六十...For China, and the world as a whole, the birth control policy is one of the most important social policies in population growth control through government intervention. The purpose of this study is to assess the real economic impact and the demographic challenges to china’s economic prospects of the ambitious one child population growth control policy that has been implemented in china since 1979....学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院国际硕士_政治经济学学号：1522008115372

Challenges and prospects of small enterprises in Ethiopia : a study of entrepreneurs in Tigray Region

The small enterprise has become a major sphere of interest for policy makers and donors. Despite the institutional and policy support, these enterprises have fallen short of expectations. This study is intended to fill the gap by exploring the challenges and prospects of the entrepreneurs in the small enterprise in general and specifically rate the challenges across each sector in Mekelle and Adigrat, Tigray Regional State of Ethiopia. Generally, 154 samples of the small enterprise were selected using a stratified proportional random sampling technique, from which the required data were generated and analysed employing the descriptive and exploratory research design. In the first part, the characteristics and prospects of the entrepreneurs and the small enterprise are presented. The finding reveals that the gender of the entrepreneurs is dominated by and is in favour of male entrepreneurs when compared to that of their female counterparts. The majority of respondents lack the relevant experiences and operate as sole proprietors. Furthermore, business plan is found out to be used only to meet the requirements of the financial institutions. The result also revealed that small enterprises are operated mainly by the owners of the business themselves and hence their contributions to employment and income generation for others is very limited. Financial constraint is found out as a general challenge to entrepreneurs of the small enterprises. In addition, different constraints such as training, access to finance, market opportunities, policy and legal measures are examined and rated across different business types where each factors are found to affect small enterprises at a different rates. What is severe problem for one sector is found out to be not a problem when compared to other sectors. These imply that policies and support programs need to take in to account the heterogeneous nature of enterprises and entrepreneurs. Overall, the result discloses a high failure rate of the small enterprises in the study sites and one can conclude that there is a lack of innovation from the side of entrepreneurs and a weak support from the government and other supporting institutions. In view of these, the researcher recommends an innovative support schemes to ameliorate and accelerate the growth of the small enterprises.Development StudiesD. Phil. (Development Studies

Determinants of Acute Malnutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Public Health Facilities of Pastoralist Community, Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Background. In low income countries, acute malnutrition continues to be the most important risk factor for illnesses and deaths. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months. Methods. A facility based unmatched case control study was employed on 420 (140 cases and 280 controls) children aged 6–59 months with their caregivers between January 20 and February 20, 2014. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Children aged 12–23 months [AOR = 10.51, 95% CI = 4.93, 22.34], rural residence [AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.79], illiterate father [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.61], Monthly income of less than 1000 birr [AOR = 3.98, 95% CI 2.05, 7.69], and food served together with family [AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.10, 4.30] were associated with acute malnutrition. Conclusion. Rural residence, illiterate father, monthly income of less than 1000 birr, and food served together with family are statistically associated with acute malnutrition. Improving practices of parents on appropriate child feeding and creating awareness related to key risk factors of acute malnutrition should be further strengthened

A review of Theropithecus oswaldi with the proposal of a new subspecies

Theropithecus oswaldi darti, as currently understood, is the oldest Theropithecus taxon in the fossil record and the earliest subspecies in the Theropithecus oswaldi lineage. Theropithecus oswaldi darti is typified at the site of Makapansgat in South Africa, and a similar form (T. o. cf. darti) is usually recognized at Hadar, Dikika, some Middle Awash localities, and Woranso-Mille in Ethiopia. This taxon is also tentatively believed to occur in Kenya at Kanam and Koobi Fora and in Member C of the Shungura Formation in Ethiopia. While there is a general consensus that the East African ‘darti’ specimens are sufficiently similar to each other, there has always been a question of whether they are too distinct from the South African type material of T. o. darti to belong to the same subspecies. Here we conduct a morphological comparison of the different samples previously assigned to T. o. darti and T. o. cf. darti. The results of our analyses overwhelmingly support the hypothesis that the East African samples are distinct from the South African ones, and they are likely distinct in geological age as well. Therefore, we propose a new subspecies designation for the material previously termed T. o. cf. darti from East Africa: Theropithecus (Theropithecus) oswaldi ecki subsp. nov. We also formally recognize Theropithecus (Theropithecus) oswaldi serengetensis (Dietrich, 1942) for specimens from Laetoli, Woranso-Mille, and perhaps Galili