Utjecaj masaže dražice na razine estradiola, testosterona, dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfata i postotka gravidnosti u krava.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of clitoral massage on levels of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and pregnancy rate in cows. For this purpose, 38 Holstein cows ranging from 3-6 years old were used. The cows were divided into two groups, as control (n=19) and application (n=19). The degree of intensity of oestrus expression was scored on a scale of 0 to 5 by considering knowledge of anamnesis, findings of rectal palpation and inspection as a criteria. All animals of both groups were artificially inseminated by recto-vaginal method with frozen-thawed bull semen. Clitoral massage was applied to the cows in the application group for 15-30 sec. after artificial insemination. Blood samples were then taken from jugular vein and centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 m., and serum samples were stored deep-frozen at -20 oC. Levels of E2, T and DHEA-S were determined by RIA method. All animals were examined by rectal palpation of the uterus for pregnancy on day 75 after insemination. Clitoral massage application had no significant effect on the levels of E2, T, DHEA-S and pregnancy rate in cows. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the degree of the intensity of oestrus between control and application groups. A significant negative correlation (P<0.01, r = -0.93) was found between levels of E2 and T.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj klitoralne masaže na razine estradiola, testosterona, dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfata i postotak gravidnosti u krava. U tu svrhu pretraženo je 38 krava holštajnske pasmine u dobi od tri do šest godina. Krave su bile podijeljene u kontrolnu i pokusnu skupinu pri čemu je svaka skupina sadržavala po 19 životinja. Stupanj pokazivanja znakova estrusa bio je ocijenjen po skali od 0 do 5 uzimajući u obzir anamnestičke podatke, nalaz rektalne pretrage i promatranje kao kriterije. Sve životinje bile su umjetno osjemenjene smrznutom spermom klasičnom bimanualnom metodom. Masaža dražice provedena je u krava pokusne skupine u tijeku od 15 do 30 sekundi nakon UO. Uzorci krvi uzeti iz v. jugularis, potom centrifugirani na 5000/5 min, a uzorci seruma bili su pohranjeni na -20 °C. Za određivanje razine estradiola, testosterona, dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfata rabljena je RIA. Sve životinje su pregledane rektalno 75 dana nakon UO. Masaža dražice nije značajno utjecala na razine estradiola, testosterona, dehidroepiandrosteron-sulfata kao ni na postotak gravidnosti u krava. Postojala je značajna razlika (P<0,05) u stupnju i jačini estrusa između kontrolne i pokusne skupine. Značajna negativna korelacija (P<0,01, r = -0,93) ustanovljena je između razina estradiola i testosterona

Age of puberty in the brown race heijers on Sultansuyu State Farm in Turkey

Bu çalışma, 1985-1990 yıllarında Sultansuyu Tarım İşletmesinde yetiştirilen Esmer ırk düvelerin puberty yollarını araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Veriler Sultansuyu Tarım İşletmesi şartları altında beslenen 177 düveden elde edilmiştir. Düvelerin doğum günü ile ilk östrüs günü arasındaki süre ilk östrüs yaşını veya puberty yaşını oluşturmuştur. Puberty yaşı 177 düvede 438 ile 997 gün arasında değişmiş ve ortalama 658.12 ± 7. 94 gün olmuştur. Yetiştirme yıllarına göre puberty yaşlan ortalama 574.83 ± 13.41 ile 753.60 ± 26.93 gün arasında değişmiş olup altı yıl içerisinde en az 1988 yılında, en fazla da 1986 yılında olmuştur. Sonbahar mevsiminde doğan düveler diğer mevsimlerde doğan düvelere göre bariz bir şekilde daha erken yaşta puberteye ulaşmışlardır. Doğum mevsimlerine göre ortalama puberty yaşları kış, ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar mevsimleri için sırasıyla 660.45 ± 17.82, 708.05 ± 12.89, 605.07 ± 12.96 ve 604. I7 ± 10.09 ve gün olmuştur. Puberty yaşı için yıllar arası ve doğum mevsimleri arasındaki farklılıklar . önemli bulunmuştur (P < 0.01).This study was carried out to investigate the age at first oestrus of Brown race heifers maintained on Sultansuyu State Farm in Turkey from 1985 to 1990. Data were obtained from 177 heifers fed under conditions of Sultansuyu St at e Farm. The duration between the birth day and the first oestrus day of heifers are formed at the age of puberty or the age at first oestrus. Age of puberty in 177 heifers ranged from 438 to 997 and overaged 658. I 2 ± 7. 94 days. The overaged ages of puberty according to the breeding years ranged from 574.83 ± 13.41 to 753.60 ± 26.93 days.duringsixyearsandtheshortest was in 1988 and the longest was in 1986. Helfers bom in the fall showed first oestrus ata sign in.fıcantly earlier age than those born at other seasons. The average ages of puberty according to the seasonsofbirthwere660.45 ± 17.82, 708.05 ± 12.89, 605.07 ± 12.96and604.17 ± 1 O. 09 and days for winter, spring, summer and fall respectively. There were signi.fıcant differences among the years and seasons of birth for the age of puberty (P < 0.01)

The effect of intracervical and intrauterine loseminetion on fertility in cows

Bu araştırma ineklerin suni tohumlamasında spermanın intracervical ve intrauterine olarak verilmesinin gebelik oranı üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 1991 Mayıs ayında Elazığ civarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tohumlamalar dondurulmuş ve çözülmüş sperma kullanarak rectovaginal teknikle yapılmıştır. Farklı ırklardan toplam 87 inek doğumdan en az iki ay sonra tabii kızgınlığın keşfedilmesiyle tohumlandı. Sperma payetlerinin hacmi 0.25 ml olup içerisinde yaklaşık 20-25 milyon aktif spermatozoit bulunmakta idi. Bir defa yapılmış olan tohumlamalardan 4 ay sonra rectal muayene ile gebelik teşhisi yapıldı.This research was conducted to investigate the effects of intracervical and intrauterine body deposition of semen on the pregnancy rate in the artificial insenıination of cows in May 1991 in the region of Elazığ. Inseminations were carried out with frozen and thawed semen using rectovaginal technique. Totally 87 cows of different races were inseminated after the detection of natural oestrus which was observed at least two months after the parturition. The volume of semen paillette was 0.25 ml and contained 20-25 million active spermatozoa. Pregnancy was diagnosed by palpation per rectum four months after first insemination

An investigation on the sperm number and reproductive parameters of males in wild caught freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus

In the present study, the sperm number of wild caught Astacus leptodactylus was counted in the beginning of reproduction season. In addition, the reproductive system, testes, and vasa deferentia were weighed, and gonado-somatic index and testicular index were calculated. Twenty-five adult males of A. leptodactylus were used for the study. Significant linear regressions were found between body length (and weight) and sperm count, reproductive system weight, testes weight and vasa deferentia weight (P < 0.05). The mean sperm number of vas deferens for the size range of 41-56 mm carapace length crayfish was 5.72 +/- 4.54 x 10(9) sperm/distal vas deferens (DVD) section. Sperm number ranged from 4 x 10(8) to 8.5 x 10(9) sperm/DVD section. The results revealed that an increase in body weight causes an increase in sperm number. For example, mean sperm number was 3.87 +/- 2.87 x 10(9) for the weight range of 15-24 g crayfish, 5.01 +/- 2.62 x 10(9) for the weight range of 25-35 g crayfish and 7.37 +/- 2.87 x 10(9) for the weight range of 36-42 g crayfish. In conclusion, this study provides some data on the male reproduction characters and needs to be improved with details about the reproductive performance of males (i.e., sperm number and quality) in order to reach a maximum reproductive efficiency in captivity